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Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Goodwill balance by business segment) (Details) (USD $)
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2015
Goodwill Information  
Goodwill acquired during the period which is deductible for tax purposes $ 0us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionPurchasePriceAllocationGoodwillExpectedTaxDeductibleAmount
Goodwill  
Balance at the beginning of the period 7,050,000,000us-gaap_Goodwill
Acquisition activity 96,000,000us-gaap_GoodwillAcquiredDuringPeriod
Translation and other (212,000,000)us-gaap_GoodwillTranslationAdjustments
Balance at the end of the period 6,934,000,000us-gaap_Goodwill
Industrial  
Goodwill  
Balance at the beginning of the period 2,037,000,000us-gaap_Goodwill
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_IndustrialMember
Acquisition activity 1,000,000us-gaap_GoodwillAcquiredDuringPeriod
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_IndustrialMember
Translation and other (66,000,000)us-gaap_GoodwillTranslationAdjustments
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_IndustrialMember
Balance at the end of the period 1,972,000,000us-gaap_Goodwill
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_IndustrialMember
Safety and Graphics  
Goodwill  
Balance at the beginning of the period 1,650,000,000us-gaap_Goodwill
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_SafetyAndGraphicsMember
Acquisition activity 0us-gaap_GoodwillAcquiredDuringPeriod
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_SafetyAndGraphicsMember
Translation and other (46,000,000)us-gaap_GoodwillTranslationAdjustments
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_SafetyAndGraphicsMember
Balance at the end of the period 1,604,000,000us-gaap_Goodwill
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_SafetyAndGraphicsMember
Electronics and Energy  
Goodwill  
Balance at the beginning of the period 1,559,000,000us-gaap_Goodwill
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_ElectronicsAndEnergyMember
Acquisition activity 0us-gaap_GoodwillAcquiredDuringPeriod
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_ElectronicsAndEnergyMember
Translation and other (35,000,000)us-gaap_GoodwillTranslationAdjustments
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_ElectronicsAndEnergyMember
Balance at the end of the period 1,524,000,000us-gaap_Goodwill
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_ElectronicsAndEnergyMember
Health Care  
Goodwill  
Balance at the beginning of the period 1,589,000,000us-gaap_Goodwill
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_HealthCareMember
Acquisition activity 95,000,000us-gaap_GoodwillAcquiredDuringPeriod
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_HealthCareMember
Translation and other (58,000,000)us-gaap_GoodwillTranslationAdjustments
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_HealthCareMember
Balance at the end of the period 1,626,000,000us-gaap_Goodwill
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_HealthCareMember
Consumer  
Goodwill  
Balance at the beginning of the period 215,000,000us-gaap_Goodwill
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_ConsumerMember
Acquisition activity 0us-gaap_GoodwillAcquiredDuringPeriod
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_ConsumerMember
Translation and other (7,000,000)us-gaap_GoodwillTranslationAdjustments
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_ConsumerMember
Balance at the end of the period $ 208,000,000us-gaap_Goodwill
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_ConsumerMember