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Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Goodwill balance by business segment) (Details) (USD $)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2014
Acquisition
Dec. 31, 2013
Acquisition
Dec. 31, 2012
Acquisition
Goodwill Information      
Goodwill acquired during the period which is deductible for tax purposes $ 0us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionPurchasePriceAllocationGoodwillExpectedTaxDeductibleAmount    
Increase (decrease) in goodwill related to preliminary allocation of purchase price for prior acquisitions   10,000,000us-gaap_GoodwillPurchaseAccountingAdjustments  
Goodwill      
Balance at the beginning of the period 7,345,000,000us-gaap_Goodwill 7,385,000,000us-gaap_Goodwill  
Acquisition activity 65,000,000us-gaap_GoodwillAcquiredDuringPeriod 10,000,000us-gaap_GoodwillAcquiredDuringPeriod  
Translation and other (360,000,000)us-gaap_GoodwillTranslationAdjustments (50,000,000)us-gaap_GoodwillTranslationAdjustments  
Balance at the end of the period 7,050,000,000us-gaap_Goodwill 7,345,000,000us-gaap_Goodwill 7,385,000,000us-gaap_Goodwill
Number of business combinations completed 1us-gaap_NumberOfBusinessesAcquired 0us-gaap_NumberOfBusinessesAcquired 3us-gaap_NumberOfBusinessesAcquired
Amount of Goodwill impairment 0us-gaap_GoodwillImpairmentLoss 0us-gaap_GoodwillImpairmentLoss  
Industrial      
Goodwill      
Balance at the beginning of the period 2,166,000,000us-gaap_Goodwill
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_IndustrialMember
2,174,000,000us-gaap_Goodwill
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_IndustrialMember
 
Acquisition activity 0us-gaap_GoodwillAcquiredDuringPeriod
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_IndustrialMember
10,000,000us-gaap_GoodwillAcquiredDuringPeriod
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_IndustrialMember
 
Translation and other (129,000,000)us-gaap_GoodwillTranslationAdjustments
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_IndustrialMember
(18,000,000)us-gaap_GoodwillTranslationAdjustments
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_IndustrialMember
 
Balance at the end of the period 2,037,000,000us-gaap_Goodwill
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_IndustrialMember
2,166,000,000us-gaap_Goodwill
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_IndustrialMember
 
Safety and Graphics      
Goodwill      
Balance at the beginning of the period 1,740,000,000us-gaap_Goodwill
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_SafetyAndGraphicsMember
1,751,000,000us-gaap_Goodwill
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_SafetyAndGraphicsMember
 
Acquisition activity 0us-gaap_GoodwillAcquiredDuringPeriod
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_SafetyAndGraphicsMember
0us-gaap_GoodwillAcquiredDuringPeriod
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_SafetyAndGraphicsMember
 
Translation and other (90,000,000)us-gaap_GoodwillTranslationAdjustments
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_SafetyAndGraphicsMember
(11,000,000)us-gaap_GoodwillTranslationAdjustments
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_SafetyAndGraphicsMember
 
Balance at the end of the period 1,650,000,000us-gaap_Goodwill
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_SafetyAndGraphicsMember
1,740,000,000us-gaap_Goodwill
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_SafetyAndGraphicsMember
 
Electronics and Energy      
Goodwill      
Balance at the beginning of the period 1,612,000,000us-gaap_Goodwill
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_ElectronicsAndEnergyMember
1,622,000,000us-gaap_Goodwill
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_ElectronicsAndEnergyMember
 
Acquisition activity 0us-gaap_GoodwillAcquiredDuringPeriod
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_ElectronicsAndEnergyMember
0us-gaap_GoodwillAcquiredDuringPeriod
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_ElectronicsAndEnergyMember
 
Translation and other (53,000,000)us-gaap_GoodwillTranslationAdjustments
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_ElectronicsAndEnergyMember
(10,000,000)us-gaap_GoodwillTranslationAdjustments
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_ElectronicsAndEnergyMember
 
Balance at the end of the period 1,559,000,000us-gaap_Goodwill
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_ElectronicsAndEnergyMember
1,612,000,000us-gaap_Goodwill
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_ElectronicsAndEnergyMember
 
Health Care      
Goodwill      
Balance at the beginning of the period 1,596,000,000us-gaap_Goodwill
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_HealthCareMember
1,598,000,000us-gaap_Goodwill
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_HealthCareMember
 
Acquisition activity 65,000,000us-gaap_GoodwillAcquiredDuringPeriod
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_HealthCareMember
0us-gaap_GoodwillAcquiredDuringPeriod
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_HealthCareMember
 
Translation and other (72,000,000)us-gaap_GoodwillTranslationAdjustments
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_HealthCareMember
(2,000,000)us-gaap_GoodwillTranslationAdjustments
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_HealthCareMember
 
Balance at the end of the period 1,589,000,000us-gaap_Goodwill
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_HealthCareMember
1,596,000,000us-gaap_Goodwill
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_HealthCareMember
 
Consumer      
Goodwill      
Balance at the beginning of the period 231,000,000us-gaap_Goodwill
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_ConsumerMember
240,000,000us-gaap_Goodwill
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_ConsumerMember
 
Acquisition activity 0us-gaap_GoodwillAcquiredDuringPeriod
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_ConsumerMember
0us-gaap_GoodwillAcquiredDuringPeriod
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_ConsumerMember
 
Translation and other (16,000,000)us-gaap_GoodwillTranslationAdjustments
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_ConsumerMember
(9,000,000)us-gaap_GoodwillTranslationAdjustments
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_ConsumerMember
 
Balance at the end of the period $ 215,000,000us-gaap_Goodwill
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_ConsumerMember
$ 231,000,000us-gaap_Goodwill
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= mmm_ConsumerMember