Supplemental Equity and Comprehensive Income (Loss) Information - AOCI Rollforward (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
AOCI Attributable to 3M, Net of Tax Roll Forward
Balance at the beginning of the period	$ 4,868	$ 14,770
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(47)	143
Balance at the end of the period	4,933	15,351
Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
AOCI Attributable to 3M, Net of Tax Roll Forward
Balance at the beginning of the period	(6,778)	(6,673)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
Amounts before reclassifications	(125)	111
Amounts reclassified out	126	23
Total other comprehensive income (loss), before tax	1	134
Tax effect	(49)	9
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(48)	143
Balance at the end of the period	(6,826)	(6,530)
Cumulative Translation Adjustment
AOCI Attributable to 3M, Net of Tax Roll Forward
Balance at the beginning of the period	(2,506)	(2,828)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
Amounts before reclassifications	(253)	105
Amounts reclassified out	57	0
Total other comprehensive income (loss), before tax	(196)	105
Tax effect	(13)	11
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(209)	116
Balance at the end of the period	(2,715)	(2,712)
Defined Benefit Pension and Postretirement Plans Adjustment
AOCI Attributable to 3M, Net of Tax Roll Forward
Balance at the beginning of the period	(4,218)	(3,838)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
Amounts before reclassifications	67	0
Amounts reclassified out	96	64
Total other comprehensive income (loss), before tax	163	64
Tax effect	(28)	(13)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	135	51
Balance at the end of the period	(4,083)	(3,787)
Cash Flow Hedging Instruments, Unrealized Gain (Loss)
AOCI Attributable to 3M, Net of Tax Roll Forward
Balance at the beginning of the period	(54)	(7)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
Amounts before reclassifications	61	6
Amounts reclassified out	(27)	(41)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), before tax	34	(35)
Tax effect	(8)	11
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	26	(24)
Balance at the end of the period	$ (28)	$ (31)