Supplemental Equity and Comprehensive Income (Loss) Information - AOCI Rollforward (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
AOCI Attributable to 3M, Net of Tax Roll Forward
Balance at the beginning of the period	$ 14,770	$ 15,117	$ 12,931
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(105)	69	970
Balance at the end of the period	4,868	14,770	15,117
Provision (benefit) for income taxes	(2,691)	612	1,285
Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
AOCI Attributable to 3M, Net of Tax Roll Forward
Balance at the beginning of the period	(6,673)	(6,750)	(7,721)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
Amounts before reclassifications	(405)	175	903
Amounts reclassified out	163	360	705
Total other comprehensive income (loss), before tax	(242)	535	1,608
Tax effect	137	(458)	(637)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(105)	77	971
Balance at the end of the period	(6,778)	(6,673)	(6,750)
Cumulative Translation Adjustment
AOCI Attributable to 3M, Net of Tax Roll Forward
Balance at the beginning of the period	(2,828)	(1,943)	(1,450)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
Amounts before reclassifications	277	(850)	(428)
Amounts reclassified out	54	0	0
Total other comprehensive income (loss), before tax	331	(850)	(428)
Tax effect	(9)	(35)	(65)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	322	(885)	(493)
Balance at the end of the period	(2,506)	(2,828)	(1,943)
Defined Benefit Pension and Postretirement Plans Adjustment
AOCI Attributable to 3M, Net of Tax Roll Forward
Balance at the beginning of the period	(3,838)	(4,753)	(6,098)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
Amounts before reclassifications	(763)	866	1,223
Amounts reclassified out	252	458	658
Total other comprehensive income (loss), before tax	(511)	1,324	1,881
Tax effect	131	(409)	(536)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(380)	915	1,345
Balance at the end of the period	(4,218)	(3,838)	(4,753)
Defined Benefit Pension and Postretirement Plans Adjustment | Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
Provision (benefit) for income taxes	(60)	(108)	(160)
Cash Flow Hedging Instruments, Unrealized Gain (Loss)
AOCI Attributable to 3M, Net of Tax Roll Forward
Balance at the beginning of the period	(7)	(54)	(173)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
Amounts before reclassifications	81	159	108
Amounts reclassified out	(143)	(98)	47
Total other comprehensive income (loss), before tax	(62)	61	155
Tax effect	15	(14)	(36)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(47)	47	119
Balance at the end of the period	(54)	(7)	(54)
Cash Flow Hedging Instruments, Unrealized Gain (Loss) | Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
Provision (benefit) for income taxes	$ 33	$ 23	$ (11)