Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Income Before Income Taxes

Income (loss) before income taxes consisted of the following:

(Millions)	2023		2022		2021
United States	$	(12,091)	$	3,861	$	3,716
International	2,403		2,531		3,488
Total	$	(9,688)	$	6,392	$	7,204

Schedule of Provision for Income Taxes

Provision (benefit) for income taxes consisted of the following:

(Millions)	2023		2022		2021
Currently payable
Federal	$	376	$	606	$	756
State	78		76		104
International	679		621		597
Deferred
Federal	(3,074)		(612)		(219)
State	(504)		(76)		(25)
International	(246)		(2)		72
Total	$	(2,691)	$	612	$	1,285

Schedule of Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

Components of deferred tax assets and (liabilities) are comprised of the following:

(Millions)	2023		2022
Deferred tax assets:
Accruals not currently deductible
Employee benefit costs	$	235	$	232
Product and other claims	3,989		610
Miscellaneous accruals	160		117
Stock-based compensation	275		259
Advanced payments	76		173
Net operating/capital loss/state tax credit carryforwards	147		120
Foreign tax credits	164		112
Research and experimentation capitalization	657		418
Lease liabilities	192		210
Other	157		102
Gross deferred tax assets	6,052		2,353
Valuation allowance	(706)		(115)
Total deferred tax assets	5,346		2,238
Deferred tax liabilities:
Accelerated depreciation	(535)		(586)
Intangible assets	(226)		(901)
Right-of-use asset	(194)		(210)
Other	—		(141)
Total deferred tax liabilities	(955)		(1,838)
Net deferred tax assets	$	4,391	$	400

Schedule of Reconciliation of Effective Income Tax Rate

A reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate to 3M's worldwide effective income tax rate is provided below:

Note: A positive rate reconciliation percent for the year ended 2023 is a tax benefit on a pretax loss.

	2023		2022		2021
Statutory U.S. tax rate	21.0	%	21.0	%	21.0	%
Food Safety divestiture			(8.4)		—
State income taxes - net of federal benefit	3.5		—		0.9
International income taxes - net	0.7		(0.4)		(1.2)
Global Intangible Low Taxed Income (GILTI)	(0.4)		0.7		0.7
Foreign Derived Intangible Income (FDII)	1.1		(2.3)		(3.1)
U.S. research and development credit	0.6		(1.0)		(0.7)
Reserves for tax contingencies	0.5		—		0.6
Employee share-based payments			(0.2)		(0.6)
All other - net	0.8		0.2		0.2
Effective worldwide tax rate	27.8	%	9.6	%	17.8	%

Schedule of Reconciliation of Federal, State and Foreign Tax Gross Unrecognized Tax Benefits

(Millions)	2023		2022		2021
Gross UTB Balance at January 1	$	927	$	1,071	$	1,113
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year	11		115		91
Additions for tax positions of prior years	63		36		22
Reductions for tax positions of prior years	(53)		(138)		(60)
Settlements	(34)		(118)		(57)
Reductions due to lapse of applicable statute of limitations	(114)		(39)		(38)
Gross UTB Balance at December 31	$	800	$	927	$	1,071