Supplemental Equity and Comprehensive Income (Loss) Information - Reclassifications Out of AOCI (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Other expense (income), net	$ (200)	$ (24)	$ (317)	$ (112)
Provision for income taxes	(781)	271	(2,755)	550
Net income (loss)	(2,071)	3,863	(7,926)	5,248
Cost of sales	4,580	4,728	13,799	14,647
Net income (loss) attributable to 3M	(2,075)	3,859	(7,940)	5,236
Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Net income (loss) attributable to 3M	(21)	(63)	(98)	(218)
Cumulative Translation Adjustment | Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Total before tax	0	0	(39)	0
Provision for income taxes	0	0	0	0
Net income (loss)	0	0	(39)	0
Defined benefit pension and postretirement plans adjustments | Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Total before tax	(65)	(112)	(194)	(339)
Provision for income taxes	15	26	43	81
Net income (loss)	(50)	(86)	(151)	(258)
Transition asset | Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Other expense (income), net	(1)	0	(2)	(1)
Prior service benefit | Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Other expense (income), net	13	14	40	42
Net actuarial loss | Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Other expense (income), net	(77)	(126)	(232)	(378)
Curtailments/Settlements | Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Other expense (income), net	0	0	0	(2)
Cash flow hedging instruments gains (losses) | Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Other expense (income), net	(2)	(3)	(6)	(7)
Total before tax	38	30	119	52
Provision for income taxes	(9)	(7)	(27)	(12)
Net income (loss)	29	23	92	40
Cost of sales	$ 40	$ 33	$ 125	$ 59