Supplemental Equity and Comprehensive Income (Loss) Information - AOCI Rollforward (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
AOCI Attributable to 3M, Net of Tax Roll Forward
Balance at the beginning of the period	$ 7,857	$ 13,816	$ 14,770	$ 15,117
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(294)	(625)	(53)	(1,242)
Balance at the end of the period	4,731	14,156	4,731	14,156
Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
AOCI Attributable to 3M, Net of Tax Roll Forward
Balance at the beginning of the period	(6,433)	(7,362)	(6,673)	(6,750)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
Amounts before reclassifications	(274)	(600)	(88)	(1,280)
Amounts reclassified out	27	82	114	287
Total other comprehensive income (loss), before tax	(247)	(518)	26	(993)
Tax effect	(46)	(105)	(79)	(242)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(293)	(623)	(53)	(1,235)
Balance at the end of the period	(6,726)	(7,985)	(6,726)	(7,985)
Cumulative Translation Adjustment
AOCI Attributable to 3M, Net of Tax Roll Forward
Balance at the beginning of the period	(2,688)	(2,814)	(2,828)	(1,943)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
Amounts before reclassifications	(340)	(773)	(232)	(1,587)
Amounts reclassified out	0		39
Total other comprehensive income (loss), before tax	(340)	(773)	(193)	(1,587)
Tax effect	(24)	(46)	(31)	(103)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(364)	(819)	(224)	(1,690)
Balance at the end of the period	(3,052)	(3,633)	(3,052)	(3,633)
Defined Benefit Pension and Postretirement Plans Adjustment
AOCI Attributable to 3M, Net of Tax Roll Forward
Balance at the beginning of the period	(3,737)	(4,581)	(3,838)	(4,753)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
Amounts reclassified out	65	112	194	339
Total other comprehensive income (loss), before tax	65	112	194	339
Tax effect	(15)	(26)	(43)	(81)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	50	86	151	258
Balance at the end of the period	(3,687)	(4,495)	(3,687)	(4,495)
Cash Flow Hedging Instruments, Unrealized Gain (Loss)
AOCI Attributable to 3M, Net of Tax Roll Forward
Balance at the beginning of the period	(8)	33	(7)	(54)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
Amounts before reclassifications	66	173	144	307
Amounts reclassified out	(38)	(30)	(119)	(52)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), before tax	28	143	25	255
Tax effect	(7)	(33)	(5)	(58)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	21	110	20	197
Balance at the end of the period	$ 13	$ 143	$ 13	$ 143