Supplemental Equity and Comprehensive Income (Loss) Information - Changes in Equity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Increase (decrease) in equity
Balance at the beginning of the period	$ 7,857	$ 13,816	$ 14,770	$ 15,117
Net income (loss)	(2,071)	3,863	(7,926)	5,248
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Cumulative translation adjustment	(365)	(821)	(224)	(1,697)
Defined benefit pension and post-retirement plans adjustment	50	86	151	258
Cash flow hedging instruments	21	110	20	197
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(294)	(625)	(53)	(1,242)
Dividends declared	(828)	(850)	(2,483)	(2,550)
Stock-based compensation	45	47	212	225
Reacquired stock	(2)	(191)	(31)	(964)
Dividend to noncontrolling interest	(3)		(3)
Split-off of Food Safety business		(1,988)		(1,988)
Issuances pursuant to stock option and benefit plans	27	84	245	310
Balance at the end of the period	4,731	14,156	4,731	14,156
Common Stock and Additional Paid-in Capital
Increase (decrease) in equity
Balance at the beginning of the period	6,867	6,616	6,700	6,438
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Stock-based compensation	45	47	212	225
Balance at the end of the period	6,912	6,663	6,912	6,663
Retained Earnings
Increase (decrease) in equity
Balance at the beginning of the period	40,290	45,269	47,950	45,821
Net income (loss)	(2,075)	3,859	(7,940)	5,236
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Dividends declared	(828)	(850)	(2,483)	(2,550)
Issuances pursuant to stock option and benefit plans	(12)	(33)	(152)	(262)
Balance at the end of the period	37,375	48,245	37,375	48,245
Treasury Stock
Increase (decrease) in equity
Balance at the beginning of the period	(32,926)	(30,781)	(33,255)	(30,463)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Reacquired stock	(2)	(191)	(31)	(964)
Split-off of Food Safety business		(1,988)		(1,988)
Issuances pursuant to stock option and benefit plans	39	117	397	572
Balance at the end of the period	(32,889)	(32,843)	(32,889)	(32,843)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Increase (decrease) in equity
Balance at the beginning of the period	(6,433)	(7,362)	(6,673)	(6,750)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Cumulative translation adjustment	(364)	(819)	(224)	(1,690)
Defined benefit pension and post-retirement plans adjustment	50	86	151	258
Cash flow hedging instruments	21	110	20	197
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(293)	(623)	(53)	(1,235)
Balance at the end of the period	(6,726)	(7,985)	(6,726)	(7,985)
Non-controlling Interest
Increase (decrease) in equity
Balance at the beginning of the period	59	74	48	71
Net income (loss)	4	4	14	12
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Cumulative translation adjustment	(1)	(2)		(7)
Dividend to noncontrolling interest	(3)		(3)
Balance at the end of the period	$ 59	$ 76	$ 59	$ 76