The Company uses interest rate swaps, currency swaps, and forward and option contracts to manage risks generally associated with foreign exchange rate and interest rate fluctuations. Note 14 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in 3M's 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K explains the types of derivatives and financial instruments used by 3M, how and why 3M uses such instruments, and how such instruments are accounted for. It also contains information regarding previously initiated contracts or instruments.

Refer to the section below titled Statement of Income (Loss) Location and Impact of Cash Flow and Fair Value Derivative Instruments and Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments for details on the location within the consolidated statements of income (loss) for amounts of gains and losses related to derivative instruments designated as cash flow or fair value hedges (along with similar information relative to the hedged items) and derivatives not designated as hedging instruments. Additional information relative to cash flow hedges, fair value hedges, net investment hedges and derivatives not designated as hedging instruments is included below as applicable.

As of September 30, 2023, the Company had a balance of $13 million associated with the after-tax net unrealized gain associated with cash flow hedging instruments recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). This includes a remaining balance of $89 million (after-tax loss) related to forward starting interest rate swap and treasury rate lock contracts, which will be amortized over the respective lives of the underlying notes. Based on exchange rates as of September 30, 2023, of the total after-tax net unrealized balance as of September 30, 2023, 3M expects to reclassify approximately $84 million after-tax net unrealized gain over the next 12 months (with the impact offset by earnings/losses from underlying hedged items).


	Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on Derivative
	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
(Millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Foreign currency forward/option contracts	$	66	$	173	$	144	$	307
Interest rate contracts	—		—		—		—
Total	$	66	$	173	$	144	$	307

3M had a fixed-to-floating interest rate swap that was terminated in 2007 with respect to the Company's 30-year $220 million principal amount debenture due in 2028. As this debt is still outstanding, its carrying value includes the remaining basis adjustment from this discontinued fair value hedge.


	Carrying Value of the Hedged Liabilities				Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Value of the Hedged Liabilities
Location on the Consolidated Balance Sheet (Millions)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022		September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022

Long-term debt	$	886	$	903	$	(117)	$	(98)

At September 30, 2023, the total notional amount of foreign exchange forward contracts designated in net investment hedges was approximately 150 million euros, along with a principal amount of long-term debt instruments designated in net investment hedges totaling 1.8 billion euros. The maturity dates of these derivative and nonderivative instruments designated in net investment hedges range from 2023 to 2031.

The amount of gain (loss) excluded from effectiveness testing recognized in income relative to instruments designated in net investment hedge relationships is not material. The amount of pretax gain (loss) recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) related to derivative and nonderivative instruments designated as net investment hedges are as follows.


	Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized as Cumulative Translation within Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
(Millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Foreign currency denominated debt	$	60	$	188	$	(5)	$	380
Foreign currency forward contracts	5		11		2		22
Total	$	65	$	199	$	(3)	$	402

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments include de-designated foreign currency forward and option contracts that formerly were designated in cash flow hedging relationships (as referenced in the Cash Flow Hedges section above). In addition, 3M enters into foreign currency contracts that are not designated in hedging relationships to offset, in part, the impacts of changes in value of various non-functional currency denominated items including certain intercompany financing balances. These derivative instruments are not designated in hedging relationships; therefore, fair value gains and losses on these contracts are recorded in earnings. The Company does not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for trading purposes.

The location in the consolidated statement of income (loss) and pre-tax amounts recognized in income related to derivative instruments designated in cash flow or fair value hedging relationships and for derivatives not designated as hedging instruments are as follows:


	Location and Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income (Loss)
	Three months ended September 30,								Nine months ended September 30,
	Cost of sales				Other expense (income), net				Cost of sales				Other expense (income), net
(Millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022
Information regarding cash flow and fair value hedging relationships:
Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in the consolidated statement of income (loss) in which the effects of derivatives are recorded	$	4,580	$	4,728	$	200	$	24	$	13,799	$	14,647	$	317	$	112
Gain or (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships:
Foreign currency forward/option contracts:
Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into income	40		33		—		—		125		59		—		—
Interest rate contracts:
Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into income	—		—		(2)		(3)		—		—		(6)		(7)
Gain or (loss) on fair value hedging relationships:
Interest rate contracts:
Hedged items	—		—		21		36		—		—		18		107
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments	—		—		(21)		(36)		—		—		(18)		(107)

Information regarding derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Gain or (loss) on derivatives not designated as instruments:
Foreign currency forward/option contracts	(1)		(44)		(2)		(21)		(6)		(110)		11		3

The following tables summarize the fair value of 3M’s derivative instruments, excluding nonderivative instruments used as hedging instruments, and their location in the consolidated balance sheet. Notional amounts below are presented at period end foreign exchange rates, except for certain interest rate swaps, which are presented using the inception date’s foreign exchange rate.


	Gross Notional Amount				Assets					Liabilities
(Millions)					Location	Fair Value Amount				Location	Fair Value Amount
	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022			September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022			September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
Foreign currency forward/option contracts	$	1,866	$	2,368	Other current assets	$	112	$	89	Other current liabilities	$	7	$	27
Foreign currency forward/option contracts	529		835		Other assets	42		55		Other liabilities	2		9
Interest rate contracts	800		800		Other assets	—		—		Other liabilities	120		102
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments						154		144			129		138

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Foreign currency forward/option contracts	776		2,816		Other current assets	6		73		Other current liabilities	10		4
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments						6		73			10		4

Total derivative instruments						$	160	$	217		$	139	$	142

The Company is exposed to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by counterparties in interest rate swaps, currency swaps, and forward and option contracts. However, the Company’s risk is limited to the fair value of the instruments. The Company actively monitors its exposure to credit risk through the use of credit approvals and credit limits, and by selecting major international banks and financial institutions as counterparties. 3M enters into master netting arrangements with counterparties when possible to mitigate credit risk in derivative transactions. A master netting arrangement may allow each counterparty to net settle amounts owed between a 3M entity and the counterparty as a result of multiple, separate derivative transactions. The Company does not anticipate nonperformance by any of these counterparties.

3M has elected to present the fair value of derivative assets and liabilities within the Company’s consolidated balance sheet on a gross basis even when derivative transactions are subject to master netting arrangements and may otherwise qualify for net presentation. However, the following tables provide information as if the Company had elected to offset the asset and liability balances of derivative instruments, netted in accordance with various criteria in the event of default or termination as stipulated by the terms of netting arrangements with each of the counterparties. For each counterparty, if netted, the Company would offset the asset and liability balances of all derivatives at the end of the reporting period based on the 3M entity that is a party to the transactions. Derivatives not subject to master netting agreements are not eligible for net presentation.


	Gross Amount of Derivative Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet				Gross Amounts not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet that are Subject to Master Netting Agreements
					Gross Amount of Eligible Offsetting Recognized Derivative Liabilities				Cash Collateral Received				Net Amount of Derivative Assets
(Millions)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022		September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022		September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022		September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Derivatives subject to master netting agreements	$	160	$	217	$	19	$	40	$	—	$	—	$	141	$	177
Derivatives not subject to master netting agreements	—		—										—		—
Total	$	160	$	217									$	141	$	177


	Gross Amount of Derivative Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet				Gross Amounts not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet that are Subject to Master Netting Agreements
					Gross Amount of Eligible Offsetting Recognized Derivative Assets				Cash Collateral Received				Net Amount of Derivative Liabilities
(Millions)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022		September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022		September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022		September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Derivatives subject to master netting agreements	$	139	$	142	$	19	$	40	$	—	$	—	$	120	$	102
Derivatives not subject to master netting agreements	—		—										—		—
Total	$	139	$	142									$	120	$	102

3M estimates that year-on-year foreign currency transaction effects, including hedging impacts, decreased pre-tax loss by approximately $18 million and $92 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and increased pre-tax income by approximately $43 million and $70 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. These estimates include transaction gains and losses, including derivative instruments designed to reduce foreign currency exchange rate risks.