Supplemental Equity and Comprehensive Income (Loss) Information - Reclassifications Out of AOCI (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Other expense (income), net	$ (65)	$ (50)	$ (117)	$ (88)
Provision for income taxes	(2,184)	(23)	(1,974)	279
Net income (loss)	(6,836)	82	(5,855)	1,385
Cost of sales	4,606	5,093	9,219	9,919
Net income (loss) attributable to 3M	(6,841)	78	(5,865)	1,377
Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Net income (loss) attributable to 3M	(57)	(73)	(77)	(155)
Cumulative Translation Adjustment | Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Total before tax	(39)	0	(39)	0
Provision for income taxes	0	0	0	0
Net income (loss)	(39)	0	(39)	0
Defined benefit pension and postretirement plans adjustments | Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Total before tax	(65)	(112)	(129)	(227)
Provision for income taxes	15	27	28	55
Net income (loss)	(50)	(85)	(101)	(172)
Transition asset | Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Other expense (income), net	(1)	(1)	(1)	(1)
Prior service benefit | Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Other expense (income), net	14	15	27	28
Net actuarial loss | Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Other expense (income), net	(78)	(125)	(155)	(252)
Curtailments/Settlements | Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Other expense (income), net	0	(1)	0	(2)
Cash flow hedging instruments gains (losses) | Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Other expense (income), net	(2)	(2)	(4)	(4)
Total before tax	40	15	81	22
Provision for income taxes	(8)	(3)	(18)	(5)
Net income (loss)	32	12	63	17
Cost of sales	$ 42	$ 17	$ 85	$ 26