Supplemental Equity and Comprehensive Income (Loss) Information - AOCI Rollforward (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
AOCI Attributable to 3M, Net of Tax Roll Forward
Balance at the beginning of the period	$ 15,351	$ 15,004	$ 14,770	$ 15,117
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	98	(532)	241	(617)
Balance at the end of the period	7,857	13,816	7,857	13,816
Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
AOCI Attributable to 3M, Net of Tax Roll Forward
Balance at the beginning of the period	(6,530)	(6,834)	(6,673)	(6,750)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
Amounts before reclassifications	75	(536)	186	(680)
Amounts reclassified out	64	97	87	205
Total other comprehensive income (loss), before tax	139	(439)	273	(475)
Tax effect	(42)	(89)	(33)	(137)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	97	(528)	240	(612)
Balance at the end of the period	(6,433)	(7,362)	(6,433)	(7,362)
Cumulative Translation Adjustment
AOCI Attributable to 3M, Net of Tax Roll Forward
Balance at the beginning of the period	(2,712)	(2,113)	(2,828)	(1,943)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
Amounts before reclassifications	3	(664)	108	(814)
Amounts reclassified out	39		39
Total other comprehensive income (loss), before tax	42	(664)	147	(814)
Tax effect	(18)	(37)	(7)	(57)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	24	(701)	140	(871)
Balance at the end of the period	(2,688)	(2,814)	(2,688)	(2,814)
Cumulative Translation Adjustment | Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
Income (loss) before income taxes	(39)	0	(39)	0
Defined Benefit Pension and Postretirement Plans Adjustment
AOCI Attributable to 3M, Net of Tax Roll Forward
Balance at the beginning of the period	(3,787)	(4,666)	(3,838)	(4,753)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
Amounts reclassified out	65	112	129	227
Total other comprehensive income (loss), before tax	65	112	129	227
Tax effect	(15)	(27)	(28)	(55)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	50	85	101	172
Balance at the end of the period	(3,737)	(4,581)	(3,737)	(4,581)
Defined Benefit Pension and Postretirement Plans Adjustment | Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
Income (loss) before income taxes	(65)	(112)	(129)	(227)
Cash Flow Hedging Instruments, Unrealized Gain (Loss)
AOCI Attributable to 3M, Net of Tax Roll Forward
Balance at the beginning of the period	(31)	(55)	(7)	(54)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
Amounts before reclassifications	72	128	78	134
Amounts reclassified out	(40)	(15)	(81)	(22)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), before tax	32	113	(3)	112
Tax effect	(9)	(25)	2	(25)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	23	88	(1)	87
Balance at the end of the period	(8)	33	(8)	33
Cash Flow Hedging Instruments, Unrealized Gain (Loss) | Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
Income (loss) before income taxes	$ 40	$ 15	$ 81	$ 22