Supplemental Equity and Comprehensive Income Information - Reclassifications Out of AOCI (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Other expense (income), net	$ (52)	$ (38)
Provision for income taxes	210	302
Net income	981	1,303
Cost of sales	4,613	4,826
Net income attributable to 3M	976	1,299
Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Net income attributable to 3M	(20)	(82)
Defined benefit pension and postretirement plans adjustments | Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Total before tax	(64)	(115)
Provision for income taxes	13	28
Net income	(51)	(87)
Transition asset | Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Other expense (income), net	0	0
Prior service benefit | Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Other expense (income), net	13	13
Net actuarial loss | Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Other expense (income), net	(77)	(127)
Curtailments/Settlements | Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Other expense (income), net	0	(1)
Cash flow hedging instruments gains (losses) | Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Other expense (income), net	(2)	(2)
Total before tax	41	7
Provision for income taxes	(10)	(2)
Net income	31	5
Cost of sales	$ 43	$ 9