Supplemental Equity and Comprehensive Income Information - AOCI Rollforward (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
AOCI Attributable to 3M, Net of Tax Roll Forward
Balance at the beginning of the period	$ 14,770	$ 15,117
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	143	(85)
Balance at the end of the period	15,351	15,004
Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
AOCI Attributable to 3M, Net of Tax Roll Forward
Balance at the beginning of the period	(6,673)	(6,750)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
Amounts before reclassifications	111	(144)
Amounts reclassified out	23	108
Total other comprehensive income (loss), before tax	134	(36)
Tax effect	9	(48)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	143	(84)
Balance at the end of the period	(6,530)	(6,834)
Cumulative Translation Adjustment
AOCI Attributable to 3M, Net of Tax Roll Forward
Balance at the beginning of the period	(2,828)	(1,943)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
Amounts before reclassifications	105	(150)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), before tax	105	(150)
Tax effect	11	(20)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	116	(170)
Balance at the end of the period	(2,712)	(2,113)
Defined Benefit Pension and Postretirement Plans Adjustment
AOCI Attributable to 3M, Net of Tax Roll Forward
Balance at the beginning of the period	(3,838)	(4,753)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
Amounts reclassified out	64	115
Total other comprehensive income (loss), before tax	64	115
Tax effect	(13)	(28)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	51	87
Balance at the end of the period	(3,787)	(4,666)
Cash Flow Hedging Instruments, Unrealized Gain (Loss)
AOCI Attributable to 3M, Net of Tax Roll Forward
Balance at the beginning of the period	(7)	(54)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
Amounts before reclassifications	6	6
Amounts reclassified out	(41)	(7)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), before tax	(35)	(1)
Tax effect	11	0
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(24)	(1)
Balance at the end of the period	$ (31)	$ (55)