Supplemental Equity and Comprehensive Income Information - SE Rollforward (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Increase (decrease) in equity
Balance at the beginning of the period	$ 13,816	$ 14,516	$ 15,117	$ 12,931
Net income	3,863	1,437	5,248	4,589
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Cumulative translation adjustment	(821)	(302)	(1,697)	(354)
Defined benefit pension and postretirement plans adjustment	86	119	258	359
Cash flow hedging instruments	110	48	197	95
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(625)	(135)	(1,242)	100
Dividends declared	(850)	(856)	(2,550)	(2,572)
Stock-based compensation	47	46	225	221
Reacquired stock	(191)	(563)	(964)	(1,305)
Split-off of Food Safety business	(1,988)		(1,988)
Issuances pursuant to stock option and benefit plans	84	85	310	566
Balance at the end of the period	14,156	14,530	14,156	14,530
Common Stock and Additional Paid-in Capital
Increase (decrease) in equity
Balance at the beginning of the period	6,616	6,346	6,438	6,171
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Stock-based compensation	47	46	225	221
Balance at the end of the period	6,663	6,392	6,663	6,392
Retained Earnings
Increase (decrease) in equity
Balance at the beginning of the period	45,269	44,824	45,821	43,821
Net income	3,859	1,434	5,236	4,582
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Dividends declared	(850)	(856)	(2,550)	(2,572)
Issuances pursuant to stock option and benefit plans	(33)	(41)	(262)	(470)
Balance at the end of the period	48,245	45,361	48,245	45,361
Treasury Stock
Increase (decrease) in equity
Balance at the beginning of the period	(30,781)	(29,236)	(30,463)	(29,404)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Reacquired stock	(191)	(563)	(964)	(1,305)
Split-off of Food Safety business	(1,988)		(1,988)
Issuances pursuant to stock option and benefit plans	117	126	572	1,036
Balance at the end of the period	(32,843)	(29,673)	(32,843)	(29,673)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Increase (decrease) in equity
Balance at the beginning of the period	(7,362)	(7,486)	(6,750)	(7,721)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Cumulative translation adjustment	(819)	(301)	(1,690)	(353)
Defined benefit pension and postretirement plans adjustment	86	119	258	359
Cash flow hedging instruments	110	48	197	95
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(623)	(134)	(1,235)	101
Balance at the end of the period	(7,985)	(7,620)	(7,985)	(7,620)
Non- controlling Interest
Increase (decrease) in equity
Balance at the beginning of the period	74	68	71	64
Net income	4	3	12	7
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Cumulative translation adjustment	(2)	(1)	(7)	(1)
Balance at the end of the period	$ 76	$ 70	$ 76	$ 70