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Business Segments and Geographic Information
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Business Segments and Geographic Information Business Segments and Geographic Information
3M’s businesses are organized, managed and internally grouped into segments based on differences in markets, products, technologies and services. 3M manages its operations in four business segments: Safety and Industrial; Transportation and Electronics; Health Care; and Consumer. 3M’s four business segments bring together common or related 3M technologies, enhancing the development of innovative products and services and providing for efficient sharing of business resources. Transactions among reportable segments are recorded at cost. 3M is an integrated enterprise characterized by substantial intersegment cooperation, cost allocations and inventory transfers. Therefore, management does not represent that these segments, if operated independently, would report the operating income information shown.
3M discloses business segment operating income as its measure of segment profit/loss, reconciled to both total 3M operating income and income before taxes. Business segment operating income includes dual credit for certain related operating income (as described below in “Elimination of Dual Credit”). Business segment operating income excludes certain expenses and income that are not allocated to business segments (as described below in “Corporate and Unallocated”). Additionally, the following special items are excluded from business segment operating income and, instead, are included within Corporate and Unallocated: significant litigation-related charges/benefits, gain/loss on sale of businesses (see Note 3), and divestiture-related restructuring actions (see Note 5).
Effective in the first quarter of 2021, the measure of segment operating performance used by 3M’s CODM changed and, as a result, 3M’s disclosed measure of segment profit/loss (business segment operating income) was updated. The change to business segment operating income aligns with the update to how the CODM assesses performance and allocates resources for the Company’s business segments. The change included the following:
Changes in cost attribution
The extent of allocation and method of attribution of certain net costs were updated to result in fewer items remaining in Corporate and Unallocated and, instead, including them in 3M’s business segments’ operating performance. See the updated description of Corporate and Unallocated below. Previously, a larger portion of ongoing corporate staff costs and costs associated with centrally managed material resource centers was retained in Corporate and Unallocated. In addition, portions of pension costs and costs associated with certain centrally managed but ongoing business-related legal matters, along with certain insurance-related costs, were retained in Corporate and Unallocated.
Continued alignment of customer account activity
As part of 3M’s regular customer-focus initiatives, the Company realigned certain customer account activity (“sales district”) to correlate with the primary divisional product offerings in various countries and reduce complexity for customers when interacting with multiple 3M businesses. This impacted the amount of dual credit certain business segments receive as a result of sales district attribution.
Also effective in the first quarter of 2021, within 3M’s Consumer business segment, certain safety products formerly within the
Construction and Home Improvement Division and the Stationery and Office Division were moved to the newly named
Consumer Health and Safety Division (formerly the Consumer Health Care Division).
The financial information presented herein reflects the impact of the preceding business segment reporting changes for all periods presented.
Business Segment Products
Business SegmentRepresentative revenue-generating activities, products or services
Safety and Industrial
○    Industrial abrasives and finishing for metalworking applications
○    Autobody repair solutions
○    Closure systems for personal hygiene products, masking, and packaging materials
○    Electrical products and materials for construction and maintenance, power distribution and electrical OEMs
○    Structural adhesives and tapes
○    Respiratory, hearing, eye and fall protection solutions
○    Natural and color-coated mineral granules for shingles
Transportation and Electronics
○    Advanced ceramic solutions
○    Attachment tapes, films, sound and temperature management for transportation vehicles
○    Premium large format graphic films for advertising and fleet signage
○    Light management films and electronics assembly solutions
○    Packaging and interconnection solutions
○    Reflective signage for highway, and vehicle safety
Health Care
○    Food safety indicator solutions
○    Health care procedure coding and reimbursement software
○    Skin, wound care, and infection prevention products and solutions
○    Dentistry and orthodontia solutions
○    Filtration and purification systems
Consumer
○    Consumer bandages, braces, supports and consumer respirators
○    Cleaning products for the home
○    Retail abrasives, paint accessories, car care DIY products, picture hanging and consumer air quality solutions
○    Stationery products
Business Segment Information
Net Sales (Millions)202120202019
Safety and Industrial$12,880 $11,734 $11,490 
Transportation and Electronics9,769 8,833 9,595 
Health Care9,050 8,345 7,431 
Consumer5,856 5,311 5,129 
Corporate and Unallocated2 (2)109 
Elimination of Dual Credit(2,202)(2,037)(1,618)
Total Company$35,355 $32,184 $32,136 
Operating Performance (Millions)
Safety and Industrial$2,692 $2,784 $2,373 
Transportation and Electronics2,008 1,814 2,119 
Health Care2,150 1,790 1,796 
Consumer1,248 1,203 1,075 
Elimination of Dual Credit(553)(521)(399)
Total business segment operating income7,545 7,070 6,964 
Corporate and Unallocated
Special items:
Significant litigation-related (charges)/benefits— (17)(762)
Gain/(loss) on sale of businesses— 389 114 
Divestiture-related restructuring actions— (55)— 
Other corporate expense - net(176)(226)(142)
Total Corporate and Unallocated(176)91 (790)
Total Company operating income7,369 7,161 6,174 
Other expense/(income), net165 366 531 
Income before income taxes$7,204 $6,795 $5,643 
AssetsDepreciation & AmortizationCapital Expenditures
(Millions)20212020202120202019202120202019
Safety and Industrial$11,744 $11,711 $593 $562 $509 $339 $451 $391 
Transportation and Electronics6,999 6,997 419 429 401 453 454 390 
Health Care14,055 14,531 636 626 392 249 251 264 
Consumer2,783 2,567 147 140 134 109 120 130 
Corporate and Unallocated11,491 11,538 120 154 157 453 225 524 
Total Company$47,072 $47,344 $1,915 $1,911 $1,593 $1,603 $1,501 $1,699 
Assets subject to attribution to business segments largely include accounts receivable; inventories; property, plant and equipment; goodwill; intangible assets; and certain limited other assets. All other items are reflected in Corporate and Unallocated. Accounts receivable and inventory are attributed based on underlying sales or activity. Property, plant and equipment are attributed to a particular business segment based on that item’s primary user while certain items such as corporate-shared headquarters/administrative centers, laboratories, distribution centers and enterprise software systems are reflected in Corporate and Unallocated. Intangible assets and goodwill are largely directly associated with a particular reporting unit and attributed on that basis. Business segment depreciation reflected above is based on the underlying usage of assets (while the particular asset itself may be entirely reflected within a different business segment’s asset balance as its primary user). This depreciation also includes allocated depreciation associated with a number of the assets reflected in Corporate and Unallocated as described above.
Corporate and Unallocated
Corporate and Unallocated operating income includes “special items” and “other corporate expense-net”. Special items include significant litigation-related charges/benefits, gain/loss on sale of businesses, and divestiture-related restructuring costs. Other corporate expense-net includes items such as net costs related to limited unallocated corporate staff and centrally managed material resource centers of expertise costs, certain litigation and environmental expenses largely related to legacy products businesses not allocated to business segments, corporate philanthropic activity, and other net costs that 3M may choose not to allocate directly to its business segments. Other corporate expense-net also includes costs and income from contract manufacturing, transition services and other arrangements with the acquirer of the Communication Markets Division following its 2018 divestiture through 2019 and the acquirer of the former Drug Delivery business following its 2020 divestiture. Items classified as revenue from this activity are included in Corporate and Unallocated net sales. Because Corporate and Unallocated includes a variety of miscellaneous items, it is subject to fluctuation on a quarterly and annual basis.
Elimination of Dual Credit
3M business segment reporting measures include dual credit to business segments for certain sales and related operating income. Management evaluates each of its four business segments based on net sales and operating income performance, including dual credit reporting to further incentivize sales growth. As a result, 3M reflects additional (“dual”) credit to another business segment when the customer account activity (“sales district”) with respect to the particular product sold to the external customer is provided by a different business segment. This additional dual credit is largely reflected at the division level. For example, privacy screen protection products are primarily sold by the Display Materials and Systems Division within the Transportation and Electronics business segment; however, certain sales districts within the Consumer business segment provide the customer account activity for sales of the product to particular customers. In this example, the non-primary selling segment (Consumer) would also receive credit for the associated net sales initiated through its sales district and the related approximate operating income. The assigned operating income related to dual credit activity may differ from operating income that would result from actual costs associated with such sales. The offset to the dual credit business segment reporting is reflected as a reconciling item entitled “Elimination of Dual Credit,” such that sales and operating income in total are unchanged.
Geographic Information
Geographic area information is used by the Company as a secondary performance measure to manage its businesses. Export sales and certain income and expense items are generally reported within the geographic area where the final sales to 3M customers are made. Refer to Note 2 for geographic net sales.
Property, Plant and
Equipment - net
(Millions)20212020
Americas$5,864 $5,752 
Asia Pacific1,582 1,662 
Europe, Middle East and Africa1,983 2,007 
Total Company$9,429 $9,421 
United States net property, plant and equipment (PP&E) was $5,484 million and $5,358 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. China/Hong Kong net property, plant and equipment (PP&E) was $578 million and $583 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.