Year Ended December 31

2023

2022

Year over Year
Increase

Principal transactions and proprietary trading

Realized and unrealized gain on primarily riskless principal transactions

$

9,275,000

$

7,643,000

$

1,632,000

Realized and unrealized gain (loss) on portfolio of U.S. government securities

3,819,000

(3,900,000

)

7,719,000

Total Principal transactions and proprietary trading

$

13,094,000

$

3,743,000

$

9,351,000