h

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended July 31, 2024

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                   to                 

Commission File Number: 1-4488

MESABI TRUST

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

New York	13-6022277
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

c/o Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas Trust & Agency Services 1 Columbus Circle, 17th Floor Mail Stop: NYC01-1710 New York, New York	10019
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(904) 271-2520

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Not applicable

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
Units of Beneficial Interest, no par value	MSB	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer    ☐	Accelerated filer                       ☐
Non-accelerated filer      ☒	Smaller reporting company     ☒
	Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes ☐ No ☒

As of September 5, 2024, there were 13,120,010 Units of Beneficial Interest in Mesabi Trust outstanding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

	Page
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION	3
Item 1. Financial Statements. (Note 1)	3
Condensed Statements of Income Three and Six Months Ended July 31, 2024 and 2023	3
Condensed Balance Sheets July 31, 2024 and January 31, 2024	4
Condensed Statements of Cash Flows Six Months Ended July 31, 2024 and 2023	5
Notes to Condensed Financial Statements	6
Item 2. Trustees’ Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.	9
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.	18
Item 4. Controls and Procedures.	18
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION	19
Item 1. Legal Proceedings	19
Item 1A. Risk Factors	19
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	19
Item 3. Defaults upon Senior Securities	20
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures	20
Item 5. Other Information	20
Item 6. Exhibits.	20
SIGNATURES	21

Forward-Looking Statements

Certain information included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains, or incorporates by reference, not only historical information, but also “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. All such forward-looking statements, including those statements regarding estimation of iron ore pellet production, shipments, pricing, royalties and other matters, are based on information from the lessee/operator (and its parent corporation) of the mine located on the lands owned and held in trust for the benefit of the holders of units of beneficial interest of Mesabi Trust (“Mesabi Trust” or the “Trust”). These statements may be identified by the use of forward-looking words, such as “may,” “will,” “could,” “project,” “predict,” “intend,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “estimate,” “continue,” “potential,” “plan,” “should,” “assume,” “forecast” and other similar words. Such forward-looking statements are inherently subject to known and unknown risks and uncertainties. Actual results and future developments could differ materially from the results or developments expressed in or implied by these forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, volatility of iron ore and steel prices, market supply and demand, competition, environmental hazards, health and safety conditions, regulation or government action, litigation, uncertainties about estimates of reserves, general adverse business and industry economic trends, uncertainties arising from war, terrorist events and other global events, higher or lower customer demand for steel and iron ore, decisions by mine operators regarding curtailments or idling production lines or entire plants, environmental compliance uncertainties, difficulties in obtaining and renewing necessary operating permits, higher imports of steel and iron ore substitutes, processing difficulties, consolidation and restructuring in the domestic steel market, market inputs tied to indexed price adjustment factors found in Cliffs’ customer contracts resulting in future adjustments to royalties payable to Mesabi Trust, and other factors. Further, substantial portions of royalties earned by Mesabi Trust are based on estimated prices that are subject to interim and final adjustments, which can be positive or negative, and are dependent in part on multiple price and inflation index factors under agreements to which Mesabi Trust is not a party and that are not known until after the end of a contract year. It is possible that future negative price adjustments could partially or even completely offset royalties or royalty income that would otherwise be payable to the Trust in any particular quarter, or at year-end, thereby potentially reducing cash available for distribution to the Trust’s Unitholders (as defined below) in future quarters.

For a discussion of the factors, including without limitation, those that could materially and adversely affect Mesabi Trust’s actual results and performance, see “Risk Factors” set forth on pages 4 through 17 of Mesabi Trust’s Annual Report for the year ended January 31, 2024, as updated by Part II, Item 1A of this quarterly report. These risks and uncertainties are not exclusive and further information concerning the Trust, including factors that potentially could materially affect our operating results, financial condition or the market price of the Units, may emerge from time to time. Mesabi Trust undertakes no obligation, other than that imposed by law, to make any revisions to the forward-looking statements contained in this filing or to update them to reflect circumstances occurring after the date of this filing. We advise you, however, to consult any further disclosures we make on related subjects in our future Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Annual Reports on Form 10-K and Current Reports on Form 8-K that we file with or furnish to the Securities and Exchange Commission.

2

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements. (Note 1)

Mesabi Trust

Condensed Statements of Income

Three and Six Months Ended July 31, 2024 and 2023

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	July 31,				July 31,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(unaudited)		(unaudited)		(unaudited)		(unaudited)
A. Condensed Statements of Income
Revenues
Royalty income	$	6,254,719	$	9,730,596	$	12,265,326	$	11,441,912
Interest		235,190		158,645		475,154		296,178
Total revenues		6,489,909		9,889,241		12,740,480		11,738,090
Expenses		1,092,015		705,901		3,858,802		1,531,611
Net income	$	5,397,894	$	9,183,340	$	8,881,678	$	10,206,479
WEIGHTED AVERAGE NUMBER OF UNITS OUTSTANDING
Number of units outstanding		13,120,010		13,120,010		13,120,010		13,120,010
Net income per unit (Note 2)	$	0.4114	$	0.6999	$	0.6770	$	0.7779
Distributions declared per unit (Note 4)	$	0.3000	$	-	$	0.5900	$	-

See Notes to Condensed Financial Statements.

3

Mesabi Trust

Condensed Balance Sheets

July 31, 2024 and January 31, 2024

	July 31, 2024		January 31, 2024
	(unaudited)
B. Condensed Balance Sheets
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	21,631,129	$	23,980,448
Accrued income receivable		2,584,690		1,960,358
Contract asset		1,740,232		451,896
Prepaid expenses		292,676		297,647
Current assets		26,248,727		26,690,349
Fixed property, including intangibles, at nominal values
Assignments of leased property
Amended assignment of Peters Lease		1		1
Assignment of Cloquet Leases		1		1
Certificate of beneficial interest for 13,120,010 units of Land Trust		1		1
		3		3
Total assets	$	26,248,730	$	26,690,352
Liabilities, Unallocated Reserve And Trust Corpus
Distribution payable	$	3,936,003	$	4,854,404
Accrued expenses		196,709		860,802
Total liabilities		4,132,712		5,715,206
Unallocated reserve		22,116,015		20,975,143
Trust corpus		3		3
Total liabilities, unallocated reserve and trust corpus	$	26,248,730	$	26,690,352

See Notes to Condensed Financial Statements.

4

Mesabi Trust

Condensed Statements of Cash Flows

Six Months Ended July 31, 2024 and 2023

	Six Months Ended
	July 31,
	2024		2023
		(unaudited)		(unaudited)
C. Condensed Statements of Cash Flows
Operating activities
Royalties received	$	10,385,169	$	5,321,510
Interest received		442,643		295,745
Expenses paid		(4,517,924)		(1,832,846)
Net cash from operating activities		6,309,888		3,784,409
Financing activity
Distributions to unitholders		(8,659,207)		—
Net change in cash and cash equivalents		(2,349,319)		3,784,409
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		23,980,448		13,966,500
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	21,631,129	$	17,750,909
Reconciliation of net income to net cash from operating activities
Net income	$	8,881,678	$	10,206,479
Increase in accrued income receivable		(624,332)		(1,789,038)
Increase in contract asset		(1,288,336)		(2,033,676)
Decrease (increase) in prepaid expense		4,971		(176,709)
Decrease in accrued expenses		(664,093)		(124,526)
Decrease in contract liability		—		(2,298,121)
Net cash from operating activities	$	6,309,888	$	3,784,409
Non cash financing activity
Distributions declared and payable	$	3,936,003	$	—

See Notes to Condensed Financial Statements.

5

Mesabi Trust

Notes to Condensed Financial Statements

July 31, 2024 (Unaudited)

Note 1.  The condensed financial statements and notes to the condensed financial statements of Mesabi Trust (the “Trust”) included herein have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. In the opinion of the Trustees of Mesabi Trust (the “Trustees”), all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of (a) the results of operations for the three and six months ended July 31, 2024 and 2023, (b) the financial position as of July 31, 2024 and (c) the cash flows for the six months ended July 31, 2024 and 2023, have been made. For further information, refer to the financial statements and footnotes included in Mesabi Trust’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 31, 2024.

Note 2.  Net income per unit is based on 13,120,010 units outstanding during all periods presented.

The Trust accounts for revenue in accordance with ASC 606 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers. All revenue is recognized as the performance obligations are satisfied. Mesabi Trust holds all of the interests formerly owned by Mesabi Iron Company (“MIC”), including all right, title and interest in the Amendment of Assignment, Assumption and Further Assignment of Peters Lease dated August 17, 1989 among the trustees of Mesabi Trust, Bruce D. Sherling, as Trustee in Bankruptcy for the Estate of Reserve Mining Company, and Cypress Northshore Mining Corporation, predecessor to Northshore Mining Company (referred to as the “Amended Assignment of Peters Lease” or the “Royalty Agreement”). In accordance with the Royalty Agreement, the Trust recognizes revenue for providing access to the lands and minerals only after the consideration that it is entitled to receive is determinable. The Trust is entitled to payment upon production of pellets to be sold for internal use by facilities owned by Cleveland Cliffs Inc. (“Cliffs”), the parent company of Northshore Mining Company (“Northshore” or “NMC”), or its subsidiaries. As a result, the Trust recognizes revenue for internal use pellets upon production of those pellets, which are deemed to be shipped under the Royalty Agreement, regardless of pellet grade. Pellets that are not designated for internal use by Cliffs, or its subsidiaries, are recognized as revenue upon shipment from Silver Bay, Minnesota. Shipped product and deemed shipped product are hereafter collectively referred to as “shipped.”

Disaggregation of Revenues

The following table represents a disaggregation of revenue for the three and six months ended July 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023.

	Three Months Ended July 31,
	2024		2023
Base overriding royalties	$	3,564,067	$	5,373,668
Bonus royalties		2,546,664		4,090,094
Fee royalties		143,988		266,834
Total royalty income	$	6,254,719	$	9,730,596

	Six Months Ended July 31,
	2024		2023
Base overriding royalties	$	6,981,711	$	6,335,466
Bonus royalties		4,996,797		4,797,934
Fee royalties		286,818		308,512
Total royalty income	$	12,265,326	$	11,441,912

Base overriding royalties

The performance obligation for the base overriding royalty consists of providing NMC access to the Peters Lands, Cloquet Lands, and Mesabi Lands and the right to mine on these lands. The consideration to be received from this access under the Amended Assignment of Peters Lease relates to the volume of iron ore shipped. The Trust receives royalties at the greater of (i) the aggregate quantity of iron ore products shipped, that were mined from Mesabi Trust Lands, and (ii) a portion of the aggregate quantity of all iron ore products shipped, that were mined from any lands during the calendar year, such portion being 90% of the first four million tons shipped during such year, 85% of the next two million tons shipped, during such year, and 25% of all tonnage shipped in excess of six million tons during such year.

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The royalty percentage paid to the Trust increases as the aggregate tonnage of iron ore products shipped, attributable to the Trust in any calendar year increases. The Trust earns a 2.5% royalty on the first million tons shipped in a calendar year, 3.5% on the second million tons, 5.0% on the third million tons, 5.5% on the fourth million tons and 6.0% beyond four million tons. The base overriding royalties contain variable consideration, as the transaction price is based on a percentage that varies based on the total cumulative tons of iron ore shipped. Under the Royalty Agreement, measurement of the total cumulative volumes of iron ore shipped and the applicable royalty percentages is reset at the beginning of each calendar year. The Trust estimates the variable consideration it expects to be entitled to receive based on the estimated average royalty percentage over the calendar year periods that are included in the Trust’s fiscal year. The Trust evaluates the estimate of the variable consideration to determine whether the estimate needs to be constrained and includes the variable consideration in the transaction price only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. The Trust estimates the base overriding royalty percentage using the expected value method, which calculates the estimate based on historical, current, and forecasted shipments. At each quarter end, the Trust updates its estimate of total tons expected to be shipped for the calendar year and applies the estimated annual royalty rate to actual tons shipped in the quarter. The Trust recognizes revenue for base overriding royalties on a quarterly basis based on actual shipments, the estimated annual royalty rate and estimated prices for iron ore products sold under Cliffs’ customer contracts.

On May 1, 2022, Cliffs idled NMC, and the idle continued until April 2023. On April 25, 2023, Cliff's announced a partial restart of some operations at NMC and that Cliffs would continue to treat NMC as a swing operation.

Bonus royalties

The performance obligation for the bonus royalties consists of providing NMC access to the Peters Lands, Cloquet Lands, and Mesabi Lands and the right to mine on these lands. The consideration to be received from this access under the Amended Assignment of Peters Lease relates to the volume of iron ore shipped, by NMC. The Trust recognizes bonus royalties on a quarterly basis based on shipments for the fiscal quarter at the actual royalty percentage for those shipments and based on the anticipated prices for iron ore products sold under Cliffs’ customer contracts. The Trust is paid royalty bonuses when iron ore products shipped are sold at anticipated prices above a threshold price per ton. The royalty bonus is based on a percentage of the gross proceeds of product shipped. The royalty bonus percentage ranges from 1/2 of 1% of the gross proceeds (on all tonnage shipped for sale at prices between the threshold price and $2.00 above the threshold price) to 3% of the gross proceeds (on all tonnage shipped for sale at prices $10.00 or more above the threshold price). The threshold price is adjusted annually for inflation and is $67.75 per ton for calendar year 2024 and was $66.00 per ton for calendar year 2023.

Fee royalties

Fee royalties are determined based on the volume of crude ore mined on a quarterly basis. The Trust recognizes fee royalties on a quarterly basis based on the actual crude ore mined during the fiscal quarter. Fee royalties are payable to the Mesabi Land Trust, a Minnesota land trust, which holds a 20% interest as fee owner in the Amended Assignment of Peters Lease. The Trust holds the entire beneficial interest in the Mesabi Land Trust for which U.S. Bank N.A. acts as the corporate trustee. The Trust receives the net income of the Mesabi Land Trust, which is generated from royalties on the amount of crude ore mined after the payment of expenses to U.S. Bank N.A. for its services as the corporate trustee. The fee royalty on crude ore is based on an agreed price per ton, subject to certain indexing.

Accrued income receivable

Accrued income receivable represents royalty income earned but not yet received by the Trust. Accrued income receivable is comprised of (i) shipments during the last month of the Trust’s fiscal quarter, if any, and (ii) net positive price adjustments, if any, (which may include the sum of positive and negative price adjustments) resulting from price adjustment mechanisms in the agreements between Cliffs and its customers that determine the final sales price of the shipments from Silver Bay, Minnesota.

Contract asset and contract liability

The contract asset and contract liability are presented net in the accompanying balance sheets as both the contract asset and contract liability are derived from one customer contract. A net contract asset in the amount of $1,740,232 is reflected on the Balance Sheet as of July 31, 2024. The net contract asset is made up of a contract asset in the amount of $1,740,232 and no contract liability. As of January 31, 2024, the Trust recorded a net contract asset in the amount of $451,896, made up of a contract asset of $451,896 and no contract liability. The contract asset relates to variable consideration for base overriding royalties that occurs as a result of escalating base overriding royalty rates earned as thresholds for tons of ore shipped are reached, as described in the base overriding royalties section above. The recorded contract asset represents the additional revenue earned based on the estimated annual royalty rate compared to the effective contracted rate for tons shipped during

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the period. The contract asset is not available for distribution to the Unitholders until the applicable royalties are actually received by the Trust.

Note 3.  The Trustees determine whether to declare a distribution each year in April, July, October and January. The Trust’s financial statements are prepared on an accrual basis and present the Trust’s results of operations based on each of the Trust’s fiscal quarters, which end one month after the close of each calendar quarter. Because (i) distributions, if any, are declared by the Trustees based on, among other considerations, the amount of royalties actually paid to the Trust through the end of each calendar quarter prior to April, July, October and January of each year, the Trustees’ evaluation of known and projected Trust expenses in the current and future quarters, the then-current level of Unallocated Reserve and general economic conditions, and (ii) the Trust’s Net income is calculated as of the end of each fiscal quarter, the distributions declared by the Trust are not equivalent to the Trust’s Net income during the periods reported in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Note 4.  On July 12, 2024, the Trustees declared a distribution of $0.30 per Unit of Beneficial Interest payable on August 20, 2024 to Mesabi Trust Unitholders of record at the close of business on July 30, 2024. The declared distribution of $3,936,003 is recorded as a distribution payable on the Consolidated Balance Sheet for the quarter ended July 31, 2024 (unaudited) as compared to no distribution payable per Unit of Beneficial Interest for the quarter ended July 31, 2023.

On July 30, 2024, the Trustees received the quarterly royalty report of iron ore production and shipment during the calendar quarter ended June 30, 2024 from Cliffs.

Each quarter, as authorized by the Agreement of Trust dated July 18, 1961, as amended (the “Agreement of Trust”), the Trustees evaluate all relevant factors, including all costs, expenses, obligations, and present and future liabilities of the Trust (whether fixed or contingent) in determining a prudent level of unallocated reserve in light of the unpredictable nature of the iron ore industry, current economic conditions and current communications from Cliffs as it relates to NMC.

Pursuant to the Agreement of Trust, the Trustees make decisions about cash distributions to Unitholders based on the royalty payments it receives from Cliffs when received, rather than as royalty income is recorded in accordance with the Trust’s revenue recognition policy. Refer to Note 3 for further information.

As of July 31, 2024 and January 31, 2024, the unallocated cash and cash equivalents portion of the Trust’s Unallocated Reserve was comprised of the following components. Cash equivalents consists of U.S. government securities with maturities of 3 months or less as of the date of acquisition by the Trust.

	July 31, 2024		January 31, 2024
Cash and cash equivalents	$	21,631,129	$	23,980,448
Distribution payable		(3,936,003)		(4,854,404)
Unallocated cash and cash equivalents	$	17,695,126	$	19,126,044

A reconciliation of the Trust’s Unallocated Reserve and Trust Corpus for the three and six months ended July 31, 2024 and 2023 is as follows:

		Unallocated		Trust
		Reserve		Corpus		Total
Balances as of January 31, 2024	$	20,975,143	$	3	$	20,975,146
Net income		8,881,678		—		8,881,678
Distributions declared - $0.5900 per unit		(7,740,806)		—		(7,740,806)
Balances as of July 31, 2024	$	22,116,015	$	3	$	22,116,018

		Unallocated		Trust
		Reserve		Corpus		Total
Balances as of April 30, 2024	$	20,654,125	$	3	$	20,654,128
Net income		5,397,894		—		5,397,894
Distributions declared - $0.3000 per unit		(3,936,004)		—		(3,936,004)
Balances as of July 31, 2024	$	22,116,015	$	3	$	22,116,018

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		Unallocated		Trust
		Reserve		Corpus		Total
Balances as of January 31, 2023	$	11,438,214	$	3	$	11,438,217
Net income		10,206,479		—		10,206,479
Distributions declared - $0.0000 per unit		—		—		—
Balances as of July 31, 2023	$	21,644,693	$	3	$	21,644,696

		Unallocated		Trust
		Reserve		Corpus		Total
Balances as of April 30, 2023	$	12,461,353	$	3	$	12,461,356
Net loss		9,183,340		—		9,183,340
Distributions declared - $0.00 per unit		—		—		—
Balances as of July 31, 2023	$	21,644,693	$	3	$	21,644,696

Item 2. Trustees’ Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

This discussion should be read in conjunction with the condensed financial statements and notes presented in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the financial statements and notes in the last filed Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 31, 2024 for a full understanding of Mesabi Trust’s financial position and results of operations for the three and six months ended July 31, 2024.

All references in this discussion and in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to iron ore products “shipped” or “shipments” shall include iron ore products that are actually shipped from Silver Bay, Minnesota and/or stockpiled for intercompany use that Cleveland Cliffs Inc. (“Cliffs”) has deemed shipped, as referenced by the parties to, and in accordance with, the Amended Assignment of Peters Lease. Following the outcome of the 2019 arbitration, Cliffs began accruing royalty payments to the Trust for both DR pellets and standard pellets to be sold for internal use at facilities owned by Cliffs or its subsidiaries. As a result, the Trust recognizes revenue for internal use pellets upon production of those pellets, regardless of pellet grade. Pellets produced by Northshore Mining Company (“Northshore” or “NMC”) that are not designated for internal use by Cliffs, or its subsidiaries, and instead are intended for sale to third parties in arms’-length sales, continue to be recognized as revenue upon shipment from Silver Bay, Minnesota.

Background

Mesabi Trust, formed pursuant to the Agreement of Trust, is a trust organized under the laws of the State of New York.  Mesabi Trust holds all of the interests formerly owned by Mesabi Iron Company (“MIC”), including all right, title and interest in the Amendment of Assignment, Assumption and Further Assignment of Peters Lease dated August 17, 1989 among the trustees of Mesabi Trust, Bruce D. Sherling, as Trustee in Bankruptcy for the Estate of Reserve Mining Company, and Cypress Northshore Mining Corporation, predecessor to Northshore (referred to as the “Amended Assignment of Peters Lease” or the “Royalty Agreement”), the Amendment of Assignment, Assumption and Further Assignment of Cloquet Lease (the “Amended Assignment of Cloquet Lease” and together with the Amended Assignment of Peters Lease, the “Amended Assignment Agreements”), the beneficial interest in a trust organized under the laws of the State of Minnesota to administer the Mesabi Fee Lands (as defined below) as the trust corpus in compliance with the laws of the State of Minnesota on July 18, 1961 (the “Mesabi Land Trust”) and all other assets and property identified in the Agreement of Trust.  The Amended Assignment of Peters Lease relates to an Indenture made as of April 30, 1915 among East Mesaba Iron Company (“East Mesaba”), Dunka River Iron Company (“Dunka River”) and Claude W. Peters (the “Peters Lease”) and the Amended Assignment of Cloquet Lease relates to an Indenture made May 1, 1916 between Cloquet Lumber Company and Claude W. Peters (the “Cloquet Lease”).

The Agreement of Trust specifically prohibits the Trustees of the Mesabi Trust (the “Trustees”) from entering into or engaging in any business. This prohibition applies even to business activities the Trustees may deem necessary or proper for the preservation and protection of the Trust Estate. Accordingly, the Trustees’ activities in connection with the administration of Trust assets are limited to collecting income, paying expenses and liabilities, distributing net income to the holders of Certificates of Beneficial Interest in Mesabi Trust (“Unitholders”) after the payment of, or provision for, such expenses and liabilities, and protecting and conserving the assets held by the Trust.

The Trustees do not intend to expand their responsibilities beyond those permitted or required by the Agreement of Trust, as amended by the Amendment to the Agreement of Trust dated October 25, 1982 (the “Agreement of Trust”), and those required under

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applicable law. Mesabi Trust has no employees, but it engages independent consultants to assist the Trustees in, among other things, monitoring the volume and sales prices of iron ore products shipped, based on information supplied to the Trustees by Northshore, the lessee/operator of the lands leased under the Peters Lease and Cloquet Lease (the “Peters Lease Lands” and “Cloquet Lease Lands,” respectively) and the 20% fee interest of certain lands that are particularly described in, and subject to a mining lease under, the Peters Lease (the “Mesabi Fee Lands,” and together with the Peters Lease Lands and Cloquet Lease Lands, the “Mesabi Trust Lands”), and its parent company, Cliffs. References to Northshore or NMC in this quarterly report, unless the context requires otherwise, are applicable to Cliffs as well.

Leasehold royalty income constitutes the principal source of the Trust’s revenue. The income of the Trust is highly dependent upon the activities and operations of Northshore. Royalty rates and the resulting royalty payments received by the Trust are determined in accordance with the terms of the Trust’s leases and assignments of leases.

Three types of royalties, as well as royalty bonuses, comprise the Trust’s leasehold royalty income:

● Base overriding royalties. Base overriding royalties have historically constituted the majority of the Trust’s royalty income. Base overriding royalties are determined by both the volume and selling price of iron ore products shipped. Northshore is obligated to pay the Trust base overriding royalties in varying amounts, based on the volume of iron ore products shipped. Base overriding royalties are calculated as a percentage of the gross proceeds of iron ore products produced at Mesabi Trust Lands (and to a limited extent other lands) and shipped. The percentage ranges from 2-1/2% of the gross proceeds for the first one million tons of iron ore products shipped annually to 6% of the gross proceeds for all iron ore products in excess of four million tons shipped annually. Base overriding royalties are subject to interim and final price adjustments under Cliffs’ customer contracts and, as described elsewhere in this report, such adjustments may be positive or negative.

● Royalty bonuses. The Trust earns royalty bonuses when iron ore products shipped are sold at prices above a threshold price per ton. The royalty bonus is based on a percentage of the gross proceeds of product shipped. The threshold price is adjusted (but not below $30.00 per ton) on an annual basis for inflation and deflation (the “Adjusted Threshold Price”). The Adjusted Threshold Price is $67.75 per ton for calendar year 2024 and was $66.00 per ton for calendar year 2023. The royalty bonus percentage ranges from 1/2 of 1% of the gross proceeds (on all tonnage shipped for sale at prices between the Adjusted Threshold Price and $2.00 above the Adjusted Threshold Price) to 3% of the gross proceeds (on all tonnage shipped for sale at prices $10.00 or more above the Adjusted Threshold Price). Royalty bonuses are subject to price adjustments under Cliffs’ customer contracts and, as described elsewhere in this report, such adjustments may be positive or negative.

● Fee royalties. Fee royalties have historically constituted a smaller component of the Trust’s total royalty income. Fee royalties are payable to the Mesabi Land Trust, a Minnesota land trust, which holds a 20% interest as fee owner in the Amended Assignment of Peters Lease. Mesabi Trust holds the entire beneficial interest in the Mesabi Land Trust for which U.S. Bank N.A. acts as the corporate trustee. Mesabi Trust receives the net income of the Mesabi Land Trust, which is generated from royalties on the amount of crude ore mined after the payment of expenses to U.S. Bank N.A. for its services as the corporate trustee. Crude ore is the source of iron oxides used to make iron ore pellets and other products. The fee royalty on crude ore is based on an agreed price per ton, subject to certain indexing.

● Minimum advance royalties. Northshore’s obligation to pay base overriding royalties and royalty bonuses with respect to the sale of iron ore products generally accrues upon the shipment of those products. However, regardless of whether any shipment has occurred, Northshore is obligated to pay to Mesabi Trust a minimum advance royalty. Each year, the amount of the minimum advance royalty is adjusted (but not below $500,000 per annum) for inflation or deflation. The minimum advance royalty is $1,129,615 for calendar year 2024 and was $1,100,498 for calendar year 2023. Until overriding royalties (and royalty bonuses, if any) for a particular year equal or exceed the minimum advance royalty for the year, Northshore must make quarterly payments of up to 25% of the minimum advance royalty for the year. Because minimum advance royalties are essentially prepayments of base overriding royalties and royalty bonuses earned each year, any minimum advance royalties paid in a fiscal quarter are recouped by credits against base overriding royalties and royalty bonuses earned in later fiscal quarters during the year.

The current royalty rate schedule became effective on August 17, 1989 pursuant to the Amended Assignment Agreements, which the Trust entered into with Cyprus Northshore Mining Corporation (“Cyprus NMC”). Pursuant to the Amended Assignment Agreements, overriding royalties are determined by both the volume and selling price of iron ore products shipped. In 1994, Cyprus NMC was sold by its parent corporation to Cliffs and renamed Northshore Mining Company. Cliffs now operates Northshore as a wholly owned subsidiary.

Under the relevant agreements, Northshore has the right to mine and ship iron ore products from lands other than Mesabi Trust Lands. Northshore alone determines whether to conduct mining operations on Mesabi Trust Lands and/or such other lands based on its current mining and engineering plan. The Trustees do not exert any influence over mining operational decisions. To encourage the use of iron ore products from Mesabi Trust Lands, Mesabi Trust receives royalties on stated percentages of iron ore shipped, whether or not the iron ore products are from Mesabi Trust Lands. Mesabi Trust receives royalties at the greater of (i) the aggregate quantity of iron ore products shipped that were mined from Mesabi Trust Lands, and (ii) a portion of the aggregate quantity

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of all iron ore products shipped that were mined from any lands, such portion being 90% of the first four million tons shipped during such year, 85% of the next two million tons shipped during such year, and 25% of all tonnage shipped during such year in excess of six million tons. The royalty percentage paid to the Trust increases as the aggregate tonnage of iron ore products shipped, attributable to the Trust, in any calendar year increases past each of the ton volume thresholds. Assuming a consistent sales price per ton throughout a calendar year, shipments of iron ore product attributable to the Trust later in the year generate a higher royalty to the Trust, as total shipments for the year exceed the one million ton thresholds.

During the course of its typical fiscal year, some portion of royalties expected to be paid to Mesabi Trust is based in part on estimated prices for certain iron ore products sold under some of the Cliffs’ customer contracts. The Cliffs’ customer contracts use estimated prices which are subject to interim and final pricing adjustments, which can be positive or negative, and are dependent in part on multiple price and inflation index factors that are not known until after the end of a contract year. Even though Mesabi Trust is not a party to the Cliffs’ customer contracts, these adjustments can result in significant variations in royalties payable to Mesabi Trust (and, in turn, the resulting amount available for distribution to Unitholders by the Trust) from quarter to quarter and on a comparative historical basis, and these variations, which can be positive or negative, cannot be predicted by the Trust. In either case, these price adjustments will impact future royalties payable to the Trust and, in turn, will impact cash reserves that may become available for distribution to Unitholders.

Historically, sales volumes under most of its multi-year supply agreements with Cliffs’ customers are largely dependent on customer requirements and contain a base price that is adjusted annually using one or more adjustment factors. The factors that could result in price adjustments under Cliffs’ customer contracts include changes in the Platts 62% Price, hot-rolled coil steel price, the Atlantic Basin pellet premium, published Platts international indexed freight rates and changes in specified producer price indices, including those for industrial commodities, fuel and steel.

As also described elsewhere in this report, the Trust receives a bonus royalty equal to a percentage of the gross proceeds of iron ore products (mined from Mesabi Trust Lands) shipped and sold at prices above the Adjusted Threshold Price. Although 97.4% of all the iron ore products shipped during calendar 2023 was sold at prices higher than the Adjusted Threshold Price, the Trustees are unable to project whether Cliffs will continue to be able to sell iron ore products at prices above the applicable Adjusted Threshold Price, entitling the Trust to any future bonus royalty payments.

As previously disclosed, on May 1, 2022, Cliffs idled Northshore, and the idle continued until April 2023. On April 25, 2023, Cliffs announced a partial restart of some operations at Northshore and that Cliffs would continue to treat Northshore as a swing operation. The Trustees have not been provided with any additional information regarding the anticipated volume of production, stockpiling or shipping of iron ore products at the Northshore operations in Babbitt and Silver Bay, Minnesota.

In order to calculate the royalties owed by Northshore to Mesabi Trust, the Royalty Agreement requires that Northshore make sales of iron ore products to third parties on an arm’s-length basis without regard to any other business relationship between Northshore and the third-party buyer of the iron ore products. In order to calculate royalties on less than arm’s-length sales (including sales from Northshore to Cliffs’ corporate affiliates), the Royalty Agreement requires reference to the highest contract price obtained by Northshore in the preceding four calendar quarters in a sale to a buyer not affiliated with Northshore and made on an arms’-length basis without regard to any other business relationship. Since Cliffs’ acquisition of ArcelorMittal USA in late-2020, and accelerating after Cliffs’ Toledo HBI plant came online in mid-2021, Northshore has increased the proportion of iron ore mined from the Mesabi Trust Lands that it sells to Cliffs’ corporate affiliates and decreased the proportion of such iron ore that it sells to third parties in arms’-length transactions. Cliffs’ public statements beginning in third quarter of 2021 have indicated that Cliffs will be limiting the tonnage of iron ore pellets that it sells to third parties from all of its mines, and particularly Northshore. The current Cliffs’ Royalty Report dated July 30, 2024 reported two low-volume sale transactions of iron ore pellets to a single third-party customer, one in May 2024 and one in June 2024. These two sale transactions are the only reported third-party pellet sales transactions since Cliffs’ July 28, 2023 quarterly royalty report when it reported two low-volume sales transactions to the same third-party customer in June 2023. The Trustees are continuing due diligence review of these transactions to evaluate whether such transactions meet the requirements of the Royalty Agreement. See “Risk Factors --- Risks Related to Pass – Through Trust Structure of Mesabi Trust – – The limited or lack of arms’-length third-party sales of iron ore pellets (processed at Northshore using Mesabi Trust’s iron ore) by Cliffs could lead to uncertainty under the Royalty Agreement with respect to the calculation of royalties, which could in turn result in potential disputes regarding the amount of royalties owed to the Trust,” as set forth on page 6 of Mesabi Trust’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2024 (filed April 24, 2024).

Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, the Corporate Trustee of Mesabi Trust, performs certain administrative functions for Mesabi Trust. The Trust maintains a website at www.mesabi-trust.com. The Trust makes available (free of charge) its annual, quarterly and current reports (and any amendments thereto) filed with the SEC through its website as soon as reasonably practicable after electronically filing or furnishing such material with or to the SEC.

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Results of Operations

Comparison of Iron Ore Pellet Production and Shipments for the Three and Six Months Ended July 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023

As shown in the table below, during the three months ended July 31, 2024, production and shipments of iron ore pellets at Northshore from Mesabi Trust Lands both totaled 974,532 tons. By comparison, pellet production and shipments for the comparable period in 2023 were both 1,049,281 tons. The decrease in production and shipments is attributable to lower demand from Northshore’s customers as compared to the prior comparable period. For the three months ended July 31, 2024, 100% of shipments originated from Trust lands.

	Pellets Produced from	Pellets Shipped from
	Trust Lands	Trust Lands
Three Months Ended	(Tons)	(Tons)
July 31, 2024	974,532	974,532
July 31, 2023	1,049,281	1,049,281

As shown in the table below, during the six months ended July 31, 2024, production and shipments of iron ore pellets at Northshore from Mesabi Trust Lands both totaled 1,953,030 tons. By comparison, pellet production and shipments for the comparable period in 2023 were both 1,204,581 tons. The increase in production and shipments is attributable to two full quarters of operations of Northshore’s facility during the six months ended July 31, 2024 as compared to the six months ended July 31, 2023, when Northshore’s facilities were idled until late April. For the six months ended July 31, 2024, 100% of shipments originated from Trust lands.

	Pellets Produced from	Pellets Shipped from
	Trust Lands	Trust Lands
Six Months Ended	(Tons)	(Tons)
July 31, 2024	1,953,030	1,953,030
July 31, 2023	1,204,581	1,204,581

Comparison of Royalty Income for the Three and Six Months Ended July 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023

As reflected in the table below, the Trust’s total royalty income for the three months ended July 31, 2024 decreased by $3,475,877 to $6,254,719 as compared to the three months ended July 31, 2023. The decrease in total royalty income is attributable to a decrease in both pricing and shipments of iron ore during the three months ended July 31, 2024 as compared to the three months ended July 31, 2023.

The table below shows that the base overriding royalties decreased $1,809,601 and the bonus royalties decreased by $1,543,430 for the three months ended July 31, 2024, as compared to the three months ended July 31, 2023. Fee royalties decreased by $122,846 over the same period. The decrease in the base overriding royalties, bonus royalties and fee royalties is attributable to a decrease in both pricing and shipments of iron ore during the three months ended July 31, 2024 as compared to the three months ended July 31, 2023.

The table below summarizes the components of Mesabi Trust’s total royalty income for the three months ended July 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, respectively:

	Three Months Ended July 31,
	2024		2023
Base overriding royalties	$	3,564,067	$	5,373,668
Bonus royalties		2,546,664		4,090,094
Fee royalties		143,988		266,834
Total royalty income	$	6,254,719	$	9,730,596

As reflected in the table below, the Trust’s total royalty income for the six months ended July 31, 2024 increased by $823,414 to $12,265,326 as compared to the six months ended July 31, 2023. The increase in royalty income is attributable to two full quarters of operations of Northshore’s facility during the six months ended July 31, 2024, as compared to the six months ended July 31, 2023, when Northshore’s facilities were idled until late April.

The table below shows that the base overriding royalties increased $646,245 and the bonus royalties increased by $198,863 for the six months ended July 31, 2024, as compared to the six months ended July 31, 2023. Fee royalties decreased by $21,694 over the same period. The increase in the base overriding royalties and bonus royalties is attributable to two full quarters of operations of Northshore’s facility during the six months ended July 31, 2024, as compared to the six months ended July 31, 2023, when

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Northshore’s facilities were idled until late April. The decrease in the fee royalties is attributable to a decrease in the royalty rate paid during the six months ended July 31, 2024 as compared to the six months ended July 31, 2023.

The table below summarizes the components of Mesabi Trust’s total royalty income for the six months ended July 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, respectively:

	Six Months Ended July 31,
	2024		2023
Base overriding royalties	$	6,981,711	$	6,335,466
Bonus royalties		4,996,797		4,797,934
Fee royalties		286,818		308,512
Total royalty income	$	12,265,326	$	11,441,912

Comparison of Net Income, Expenses and Distributions for the Three and Six Months Ended July 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023

Net income for the three months ended July 31, 2024 was $5,397,894, a decrease of $3,785,446 as compared to the three months ended July 31, 2023. The decrease in net income for the three months ended July 31, 2024 is primarily attributable to a decrease in royalty income which is attributable to a decrease in pricing and shipments of iron ore compared to the three months ended July 31, 2023. In addition, the Trust’s expenses for the three months ended July 31, 2024 were $1,092,015, an increase of $386,114 compared to the expenses for the three months ended July 31, 2023. The increase in expenses was primarily attributable to an increase in legal fees and expenses incurred for the three months ended July 31, 2024 (mostly related to the pending arbitration), as compared to the prior comparable period. The table below summarizes the Trust’s income and expenses for the three months ended July 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, respectively.

	Three Months Ended July 31,
	2024		2023
Total royalty income	$	6,254,719	$	9,730,596
Interest income		235,190		158,645
Total revenues		6,489,909		9,889,241
Expenses		1,092,015		705,901
Net income	$	5,397,894	$	9,183,340

Net income for the six months ended July 31, 2024 was $8,881,678, a decrease of $1,324,801 as compared to the six months ended July 31, 2023. The decrease in net income for the six months ended July 31, 2024 is attributable to an increase in expenses. The Trust’s expenses for the six months ended July 31, 2024 were $3,858,802, an increase of $2,327,191 compared to the expenses for the six months ended July 31, 2023. The increase in expenses was primarily attributable to an increase in legal fees and expenses incurred for the six months ended July 31, 2024 (mostly related to the pending arbitration), as compared to the prior comparable period. The table below summarizes the Trust’s income and expenses for the six months ended July 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, respectively.

	Six Months Ended July 31,
	2024		2023
Total royalty income	$	12,265,326	$	11,441,912
Interest income		475,154		296,178
Total revenues		12,740,480		11,738,090
Expenses		3,858,802		1,531,611
Net income	$	8,881,678	$	10,206,479

As presented on the “Trust’s Condensed Statements of Operations” on page 3 of this quarterly report, the Trust’s net income per unit decreased $0.2885 per unit to $0.4114 per unit for the fiscal quarter ended July 31, 2024 as compared to the fiscal quarter ended July 31, 2023. On July 12, 2024, the Trust declared a distribution of $0.30 per unit payable on August 20, 2024 to Unitholders of record on July 30, 2024. Comparatively, the Trust declared no distribution during the quarter ended July 31, 2023. During the six months ended July 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, the Trust declared distributions totaling $0.59 per unit to Unitholders of record and $0.00, respectively.

On a quarterly basis, the Trustees review a variety of financial and economic data and information impacting the Trust, and upon the Trustees’ determination, distributions may be declared approximately ten weeks after the Trustees receive a quarterly royalty report from Northshore and Cliffs and the Trust receives the actual royalty payment with respect to royalty income that is payable for iron ore shipments through the end of each prior calendar quarter. Royalty payments may include pricing adjustments with respect to shipments made during prior periods. The Trust accounts for and reports accrued income receivable based on shipments during the last month of each of the Trust’s fiscal quarters (April, July, October and January) and price adjustments under Cliffs’ customer contracts (which can be positive or negative and can result in significant variations in royalties received by Mesabi Trust and cash available for distribution to Unitholders) as reported to the Trust by Northshore. The Trust accounts for these amounts by using

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estimated prices and reports such amounts as revenue even though accrued income receivable is not available for distribution to Unitholders until it is received by the Trust. Accordingly, distributions declared by the Trust are not equivalent to the Trust’s net income during the periods reported in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Comparison of Unallocated Reserve as of July 31, 2024, July 31, 2023 and January 31, 2024

As set forth in the table below, Unallocated Reserve increased from $21,644,693 as of July 31, 2023 to $22,116,015 as of July 31, 2024. The increase in Unallocated Reserve as of July 31, 2024, as compared to July 31, 2023, is primarily the result of an increase in accrued income receivable, offset by a decrease in contract asset. The increase in the accrued income receivable portion of the Unallocated Reserve is attributable to an increase in pricing and shipments in the last month of the fiscal quarter ended July 31, 2024 as compared to the prior comparable period. The decrease in the contract asset portion of the Unallocated Reserve is attributable to a decrease in estimated variable consideration calendar year-to-date through July 31, 2024 as compared to the prior comparable period. See “Note 2” for further discussion of contract asset and contract liability.

	July 31,				% increase
	2024		2023		(decrease)
Accrued Income Receivable	$	2,584,690	$	1,812,600	42.6%
Contract Asset		1,740,232		2,033,676	(14.4)%
Unallocated Cash and Cash Equivalents		17,695,126		17,750,909	(0.3)%
Prepaid Expenses, net		95,967		47,508	102.0%
Unallocated Reserve	$	22,116,015	$	21,644,693	2.2%

The Trust’s Unallocated Reserve as of July 31, 2024 increased by $1,140,872 to $22,116,015, as compared to the fiscal year ended January 31, 2024. The increase in the Unallocated Reserve as of July 31, 2024, as compared to January 31, 2024, is the result of an increase in the contract asset and accrued income receivable and a decrease in accrued expenses, offset by a decrease in unallocated cash and cash equivalents. The increase in the contract asset portion of the Unallocated Reserve is attributable to estimates of variable considerations related to the shipments calendar year-to-date through July 31, 2024, as compared to only one month of shipments for the quarter ended January 31, 2024. See “Note 2” for further discussion of contract asset and contract liability. The increase in the accrued income receivable portion of the Unallocated Reserve is attributable to an increase in pricing in the last month of the fiscal quarter ended July 31, 2024 as compared to the last month of the fiscal year ended January 31, 2024. The decrease in the unallocated cash and cash equivalents portion of the Unallocated Reserve is attributable to a decrease of royalties received in the last month of the fiscal quarter ended July 31, 2024 compared to royalties received in the last month of the fiscal year ended January 31, 2024. The decrease in accrued expenses of the Unallocated Reserve is attributable to a decrease in legal fees in the last month of the fiscal quarter ended July 31, 2024 as compared to the last month of the fiscal year ended January 31, 2024.

					% increase
	July 31, 2024		January 31, 2024		(decrease)
Accrued Income Receivable	$	2,584,690	$	1,960,358	31.8%
Contract Asset		1,740,232		451,896	285.1%
Unallocated Cash and Cash Equivalents		17,695,126		19,126,044	(7.5)%
Prepaid Expenses and (Accrued Expenses), net		95,967		(563,155)	(117.0)%
Unallocated Reserve	$	22,116,015	$	20,975,143	5.4%

It is possible that future negative price adjustments could offset, or even eliminate, future royalties or royalty income that would otherwise be payable to the Trust in any particular quarter, or at year end, thereby potentially reducing cash available for distribution to the Trust’s Unitholders in future quarters. See the discussion under the heading “Risk Factors” beginning on page 4 of the Trust’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2024 (filed April 24, 2024).

Each quarter, as authorized by the Agreement of Trust, the Trustees will reevaluate all relevant factors including all costs, expenses, obligations, and present and future liabilities of the Trust (whether fixed or contingent) in determining a prudent level of unallocated reserve in light of the unpredictable nature of the iron ore industry, current and projected future mining operations and current economic conditions. Although the actual amount of the Unallocated Reserve will fluctuate from time to time and may increase or decrease from its current level, it is currently anticipated that future distributions will be highly dependent upon royalty income as it is received and the level of Trust expenses. The amount of future royalty income available for distribution will be subject to the volume of iron ore product shipments and the dollar level of sales by Northshore. Shipping activity is greatly reduced during the winter months. As previously disclosed, on April 25, 2023, Cliffs announced that “higher levels of steel production have led to the partial restart of some operations at … [its] iron ore mining and pelletizing swing facility at Northshore earlier this month.” Cliffs also announced that it “…will continue to treat that facility as our swing operation. And at this time, we still do not expect to operate Northshore in full any time this year.” The Trustees have not been provided with any additional information regarding the anticipated volume of production, stockpiling or shipping of iron ore products at the Northshore operations in Babbitt and Silver Bay, Minnesota. General adverse business and industry economic trends, uncertainties arising from war, terrorist events, the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and other global events, higher or lower customer demand for steel and iron ore, decisions by mine operators

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regarding curtailments or idling production lines or entire plants, environmental compliance uncertainties, difficulties in obtaining and renewing necessary operating permits, higher imports of steel and iron ore substitutes, processing difficulties and consolidation and restructuring in the domestic steel market may adversely affect the amount and timing of such future shipments and sales. The Trustees will continue to monitor the economic and other circumstances of the Trust to strike a responsible balance between distributions to Unitholders and the need to maintain adequate reserves at a prudent level, given the unpredictable nature of the iron ore and steel industry, the Trust’s dependence on the actions of Cliffs/Northshore, and the fact that the Trust essentially has no other liquid assets.

Recent Developments

Receipt of Quarterly Royalty Report and Royalty Payment f rom Cliffs

On July 30, 2024, Cliffs, the parent company of Northshore, sent the Trustees of Mesabi Trust the quarterly royalty report of iron ore shipments out of Silver Bay, Minnesota during the calendar quarter ended June 30, 2024 (the “Royalty Report”).

As Cliffs reported to Mesabi Trust in the Royalty Report, Cliffs credited Mesabi Trust with a base royalty of $2,783,747 based on shipments of iron ore products by Northshore during the three months ended June 30, 2024. For the three months ended June 30, 2024, Cliffs also credited Mesabi Trust with a bonus royalty in the amount of $2,386,069. Cliffs reported that no adjustments were made in the second quarter. In addition, a royalty payment of $155,706 was paid to the Mesabi Land Trust. Accordingly, the total royalty payments Cliffs made to Mesabi Trust on July 30, 2024 were $5,325,522.

The royalties paid to Mesabi Trust are based on the volume of iron ore pellets and other products produced or shipped during the quarter and the year to date, the pricing of iron ore product sales, and the percentage of iron ore pellet production and shipments from Mesabi Trust lands rather than from non-Mesabi Trust lands. In the second calendar quarter of 2024, Cliffs credited Mesabi Trust with 949,718 tons of iron ore shipped, as compared to 886,301 tons shipped or produced during the second calendar quarter of 2023. The current Royalty Report reported two low-volume sale transactions of iron ore pellets to a single third-party customer, one in May 2024 and one in June 2024. These two sale transactions are the only reported third-party pellet sales transactions since Cliffs’ July 28, 2023 quarterly royalty report when it reported two low-volume sales transactions to the same third-party customer in June 2023. The Trust is continuing to review and evaluate whether these transactions meet the requirements of the royalty agreement.

The volume of iron ore pellets (and other iron ore products) produced or shipped by Northshore varies from quarter to quarter and year to year based on a number of factors, including, among others, Cliffs’ decisions to idle Northshore operations (which occurred from May 2022 until April 2023), the requested delivery schedules of customers (including affiliates), general economic conditions in the iron ore industry, and production schedules and weather conditions on the Great Lakes. These multiple factors can result in significant variations in royalties received by Mesabi Trust (and in turn, the resulting funds available for distribution to Unitholders by Mesabi Trust) from quarter to quarter and from year to year. These variations, which can be positive or negative, cannot be predicted by the Trustees of Mesabi Trust. Based on the above factors, and as indicated by Mesabi Trust’s historical distribution payments, the royalties received by Mesabi Trust, and the distributions paid to Unitholders, if any, in any particular quarter are not necessarily indicative of royalties that will be received, or distributions that will be paid, if any, in any subsequent quarter or full year.

Cliffs has not provided the Trustees of Mesabi Trust with any specific updates concerning Cliffs’ plans with respect to Northshore iron ore operations. The last reported Cliffs’ public announcements made in April 2023 included that Northshore was then being partially restarted and would be run at less than full capacity for the remainder of 2023, and that Cliffs would continue to treat Northshore as a swing operation. With respect to calendar year 2024, Northshore has not advised Mesabi Trust of its expected shipments of iron ore products, or what percentage of 2024 shipments will be from Mesabi Trust iron ore.

Trust’s Prior Announcement of a Thirty Cents Distribution

On July 12, 2024, Mesabi Trust issued a press release announcing that the Trustees of Mesabi Trust declared a distribution of thirty cents ($0.30) per Unit of Beneficial Interest payable on August 20, 2024 to Mesabi Trust Unitholders of record at the close of business on July 30, 2024.

The Trustees’ recent announcement of a thirty cents ($0.30) per Unit distribution, as compared to no distribution announced by the Trust at the same time last year, is primarily attributable to the increase in the total royalties received by the Trust in April 2024, as compared to the total royalties received by the Trust in April 2023. In particular, the Trust’s receipt of total royalty payments of $5,059,648 on April 30, 2024 from Cliffs, the parent company of Northshore, was higher than the total royalty payments of zero dollars ($0.00) received by the Trust from Cliffs in April 2023, which resulted from the idling of Northshore operations from May 2022 until the restart of operations in April 2023.

The distribution announced on July 12, 2024 also reflects that, until July 30, 2023, the Trust had received no royalties in the Trust’s three fiscal quarters prior to July 2023, as well as the current continuing uncertainties related to previous announcements by

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Cliffs about its intention to continue to treat Northshore as a swing operation. Accordingly, the Trustees’ distribution announcement also reflects their determination to maintain an appropriate level of reserves in order to make adequate provision to meet current and future expenses and present and future liabilities (whether fixed or contingent) that may arise in the future.

The Trustees’ distribution announcement July 12, 2024 also accounts for numerous other factors, including uncertainties resulting from Cliffs’ prior announcements to increase the use of scrap iron in its vertical supply chain planning, the potential volatility in the iron ore and steel industries generally, national and global economic uncertainties, the cost and expense related to the Trust’s pending arbitration against Northshore and Cliffs, and further potential disturbances from global unrest.

Forward-Looking Statements

This report contains certain forward-looking statements based on Cliffs’ publicly announced plans with respect to Northshore in the future, which statements are intended to be made under the safe harbor protections of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, as amended. Cliffs’ implementation of, or changes to, these plans are beyond Mesabi Trust’s control. As such, such statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, which could cause actual results to differ materially.

Additional information concerning these and other risks and uncertainties is contained in Mesabi Trust’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2024 (filed April 24, 2024). Mesabi Trust undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any of the forward-looking statements made herein to reflect events or circumstances after the date hereof.

Important Factors Affecting Mesabi Trust

The Agreement of Trust specifically prohibits the Trustees from entering into or engaging in any business. This prohibition seemingly applies even to business activities the Trustees deem necessary or proper for the preservation and protection of the Trust’s assets. Accordingly, the Trustees’ activities in connection with the administration of Trust assets are limited to collecting income, paying expenses and liabilities, distributing net income to Mesabi Trust’s Unitholders after the payment of, or provision for, such expenses and liabilities, monitoring royalties and protecting and conserving the held assets.

Neither Mesabi Trust nor the Trustees have any control over the operations and activities of Northshore, except within the framework of the Royalty Agreement. Cliffs alone controls (i) historical operating data, including iron ore production volumes, decisions to reduce or idle the Northshore plant and mining operations, marketing of iron ore products, operating and capital expenditures as they relate to Northshore, environmental and other liabilities and the effects of regulatory changes; (ii) plans for Northshore’s future operating and capital expenditures; (iii) geological data relating to ore reserves; (iv) projected production of iron ore products; (v) contracts between Cliffs and Northshore with their customers; and (vi) the decision to mine off Mesabi Trust and/or state lands, based on Cliffs’ current mining and engineering plan. The Trustees do not exert any influence over mining operational decisions at Northshore, nor do the Trustees provide any input regarding the ore reserve estimated at Northshore as reported by Cliffs. While the Trustees request relevant information from Cliffs and Northshore in accordance with the Royalty Agreement for use in periodic reports as part of their evaluation of Mesabi Trust’s disclosure controls and procedures, the Trustees do not control this information and they rely on the information in Cliffs’ periodic and current filings with the SEC to provide accurate and timely information in Mesabi Trust’s reports filed with the SEC.

In accordance with the Agreement of Trust, the Trustees are entitled to, and in fact do, rely upon certain experts in good faith, including (i) the independent consultants with respect to monthly production and shipment reports, which include figures on crude ore production and iron ore pellet shipments, and discussions concerning the condition and accuracy of the scales and plans regarding the development of Mesabi Trust’s mining property; and (ii) the accounting firm they have contracted with for non-audit services, including reviews of financial data related to shipping and sales reports provided by Northshore and a review of the schedule of leasehold royalties payable to Mesabi Trust.

For a discussion of additional factors, including but not limited to those that could adversely affect Mesabi Trust’s actual results and performance, see “Risk Factors” set forth on pages 4 through 17 of Mesabi Trust’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year-ended January 31, 2024 (filed April 24, 2024).

Iron Ore Pricing and Contract Adjustments

Cliffs has recently disclosed that marketing and selling iron ore pellets to third party customers in arms-length transactions is no longer a core aspect of Northshore’s business. Historically, when Cliffs produced iron ore for arms’-length sales to third-party customers, some portion of the royalties Cliffs paid to Mesabi Trust were based in part on estimated prices for certain iron ore products sold under some of Cliffs’ customer contracts. Mesabi Trust is not a party to any of the Cliffs’ customer contracts. Generally, prices in some of such contracts were subject to interim and final pricing adjustments, which can be positive or negative, and which adjustments are dependent in part on a variety of price and inflation index factors, including but not limited to various

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benchmark pellet prices, hot band steel prices and various Producer Price Indexes. Although Northshore makes interim adjustments to the royalty payments on a quarterly basis, these price adjustments typically were not finalized until after the end of a contract year. In such circumstances, significant and frequent variations in royalties paid to the Trust could result. Iron ore products that are sold internally to Cliffs’ affiliates do not include such contract adjustment provisions.

Potential distributions to Unitholders by the Trust can also vary significantly from quarter to quarter and on a comparative historical basis. These variations, which can be positive or negative, cannot be predicted by Mesabi Trust. It is possible that future negative price adjustments could partially or even completely offset royalties or royalty income that would otherwise be payable to the Trust in any particular quarter, or at year-end, thereby potentially reducing cash available for distribution to the Trust’s Unitholders in future quarters.

Effects of Securities Regulation

The Trust is a publicly traded, pass-through royalty trust with its Trust Certificates listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) and is therefore subject to extensive regulation under, among others, the Securities Act of 1933, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“Sarbanes-Oxley”), each as amended, and the rules and regulations of the NYSE. Issuers failing to comply with such authorities risk serious consequences, including criminal as well as civil and administrative penalties. In most instances, these laws, rules and regulations do not specifically address their applicability to a publicly-traded pass-through royalty trust such as Mesabi Trust. In particular, Sarbanes-Oxley mandated the adoption by the SEC and NYSE of certain rules and regulations that are impossible for the Trust to literally satisfy because of its nature as a pass-through royalty trust. Pursuant to NYSE rules, as a pass-through royalty trust, the Trust is exempt from many of the corporate governance requirements that apply to other publicly traded corporations. The Trust does not have, nor does the Agreement of Trust provide for, a board of directors, an audit committee, a corporate governance committee, a compensation committee or executive officers. The Trust has no employees. The Trustees closely monitor the SEC’s and NYSE’s rulemaking activities and will comply with their rules and regulations to the extent applicable.

The Trust’s website is located at www.mesabi-trust.com.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The Trust is a publicly traded, pass-through royalty trust with its Trust Certificates listed on the NYSE and is therefore subject to extensive regulation under, among others, the Securities Act of 1933, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Sarbanes-Oxley, each as amended, and the rules and regulations of the NYSE. Issuers failing to comply with such authorities risk serious consequences, including criminal as well as civil and administrative penalties. In most instances, these laws, rules and regulations do not specifically address their applicability to a publicly-traded pass-through royalty trust such as Mesabi Trust. In particular, Sarbanes-Oxley mandated the adoption by the SEC and NYSE of certain rules and regulations that are impossible for the Trust to literally satisfy because of its nature as a pass-through royalty trust. Pursuant to NYSE rules, as a pass-through royalty trust, the Trust is exempt from many of the corporate governance requirements that apply to other publicly traded corporations. The Trust does not have, nor does the Agreement of Trust provide for, a board of directors, an audit committee, a corporate governance committee, a compensation committee or executive officers. The Trust has no employees. The Trustees closely monitor the SEC’s and NYSE’s rulemaking activities and will comply with their rules and regulations to the extent applicable.

There have been no material changes in the Trust’s critical accounting policies or significant accounting estimates during the three months ended July 31, 2024. For a complete description of the Trust’s significant accounting policies, please see Note 2 to the financial statements included in the Trust’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 31, 2024 (filed April 24, 2024).

Certain Tax Information

The Trust is not taxable as a corporation for federal or state income tax purposes and is instead qualified as a nontaxable grantor trust. Since the Trust’s inception, all net taxable income is annually attributable directly to Unitholders for tax purposes regardless of whether the income is distributed or retained by the Trust in its reserve account. As such, in lieu of the Trust paying income taxes, Unitholders report their pro rata share of the various items of Trust income and deductions on their income tax returns. This reporting is required whether or not the earnings of the Trust are distributed as to Unitholders. During calendar year 2021, any funds retained to increase the Trust’s unallocated reserve, which were derived from reportable royalty income, will nonetheless become taxable as reportable income to Unitholders, depending on each individual’s personal tax situation. Information regarding the background on the changes in the Trust’s unallocated reserve is described above under “Results of Operations — Comparison of Unallocated Reserve as of July 31, 2024, July 31, 2023 and January 31, 2024” beginning on page 14. Unitholders are encouraged to consult with their own tax advisors to plan for any financial impact related to this and to review their personal tax situations related to investing in, holding or selling units of beneficial interest in Mesabi Trust.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Not applicable.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. The Trust maintains a system of disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Trust in the reports that it furnishes or files under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and regulations of the SEC. Due to the pass-through nature of the Trust, the Trust’s disclosure controls and procedures include controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Trust is received from Cliffs and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Northshore. In order to help ensure the accuracy and completeness of the information required to be disclosed in the Trust’s periodic and current reports, the Trust employs certified public accountants, geological consultants, and attorneys. These professionals hired by the Trust advise the Trust in its review and compilation of the information in this Form 10-Q and the other periodic reports filed by the Trust with the SEC.

As part of their evaluation of Mesabi Trust’s disclosure controls and procedures, the Trustees rely on quarterly shipment and royalty calculations provided by Northshore and Cliffs. Because Northshore has declined to provide a written certification attesting to whether Northshore has established disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls sufficient to enable it to verify that the information furnished to the Trustees is accurate and complete, the Trustees also rely on (a) an annual certification from Northshore and Cliffs, certifying as to the accuracy of the royalty calculations, and (b) the related due diligence review performed by the Trust’s accountants. In addition, Mesabi Trust’s consultants review the schedule of leasehold royalties payable, and shipping and sales reports provided by Northshore against production and shipment reports prepared by Eveleth Fee Office, Inc., an independent consultant to Mesabi Trust (“Eveleth Fee Office”). Eveleth Fee Office performs inspections of the Northshore mine and its pelletizing operations, observes production and shipping activities, gathers production and shipping information from Northshore and prepares monthly production and shipment reports for the Trustees. Furthermore, as part of its engagement by Mesabi Trust, Eveleth Fee Office also attends Northshore’s calibration and testing of its crude ore scales and boat loader scales which are conducted on a periodic basis.

As of the end of the period covered by this report, the Trustees carried out an evaluation of Mesabi Trust’s disclosure controls and procedures. Based on this evaluation, the Trustees have concluded that such disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. To the knowledge of the Trustees, there were no changes in the Trust’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Trust’s last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Trust’s internal control over financial reporting. The Trustees note for purposes of clarification that they have no authority over, and make no statement concerning, the internal controls of Northshore or Cliffs.

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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

As previously announced, Mesabi Trust initiated arbitration against Northshore and its parent company Cliffs, (jointly, the “Operator”), the lessee/operator of the leased lands, on October 14, 2022. The arbitration proceeding was commenced with the American Arbitration Association (“AAA”). The Trust seeks an award of damages relating to the Operator’s underpayment of royalties in 2020, 2021 and the first four months of 2022 by virtue of the Operator’s failure to use the highest price arms’-length iron ore pellet sale from the preceding four quarters in pricing internal production during the fourth quarter of 2020 through the first four months of 2022.

The Trust also seeks declaratory relief related to the Trust’s entitlement to certain documentation and to the time the Operator’s royalty obligation accrues. During 2023, the parties appointed a three-member arbitration panel and engaged in discovery. The AAA evidentiary hearing took place in March 2024. Post-hearing briefs were exchanged in May 2024. Post-hearing oral arguments and final submissions were concluded in June 2024.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

The following Risk Factor supplements the Trust’s Risk Factors as described in “Risk Factors” as set forth in pages 4 to 17 of Mesabi Trust’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2024 (filed April 24, 2024).

The limited or lack of arms’-length third-party sales of iron ore products (processed at Northshore using Mesabi Trust iron ore) by Cliffs could lead to uncertainty under the Royalty Agreement with respect to the calculation of royalties, which could in turn result in potential disputes regarding the amount of royalties owed to the Trust.

In order to calculate the royalties owed by Northshore to the Trust, the 1989 Royalty Agreement requires that Northshore make sales of iron ore products to third parties on an arms’-length basis without regard to any other business relationship between Northshore and the third-party buyer of the iron ore products. In order to calculate royalties on less than arms’-length sales (including sales from Northshore to Cliffs’ corporate affiliates), the Royalty Agreement requires reference to the highest contract price obtained by Northshore in the preceding four calendar quarters in a sale to a buyer not affiliated with Northshore and made on an arms’-length basis. Since Cliffs’ acquisition of ArcelorMittal USA in late-2020, and accelerating after Cliffs’ Toledo HBI plant came online in mid-2021, Northshore has increased the proportion of iron ore mined from the Mesabi Trust Lands that it sells to Cliffs’ corporate affiliates and decreased the proportion of such iron ore that it sells to third parties in arms’-length transactions. Cliffs’ public statements beginning in October 2021 indicated that Cliffs will be limiting the tonnage of iron ore pellets that it sells to third parties from all of its mines, and particularly Northshore, which Cliffs idled from May 2022 to April 2023. Cliffs also said it will continue to run Northshore as a swing operation. For the twelve month period ended December 31, 2023, Cliffs reported to the Trust two low volume shipments of iron ore pellets (produced with iron ore principally mined from Mesabi Trust Lands) to a single third-party customer, which shipments together were much less than one typical boatload of iron ore normally shipped from Silver Bay in arms’-length third-party sale transactions. Cliffs’ quarterly royalty reports have used the highest price from those two transactions to set the price for royalty purposes for subsequent shipments intended for Cliffs’ affiliates’ internal consumption beginning in July 2023, subject to any newly reported arms’-length third-party customer sale transaction thereafter.

In Cliffs’ most recent quarterly royalty report of iron ore shipments out of Silver Bay, Minnesota during the quarter ended June 30, 2024 received by the Trust on July 30, 2024, Cliffs reported two new low volume shipments of iron ore pellets to a single third-party customer, one in May 2024 and one in June 2024. These two shipments are the only reported third-party pellet sales transactions since Cliffs’ July 28, 2023 quarterly royalty report in which Cliffs reported two low volume sales transactions to the same single third-party customer in June 2023.

On May 20, 2024, Cliffs’ chief executive officer publicly commented during The Ryan Report, a news talk show hosted on an Upper Michigan regional news outlet, that while selling iron ore pellets is no longer “core” to Cliffs’ business, Cliffs is selling pellets to one customer currently, that there are other potential customers and that Cliffs will eventually sell iron ore pellets to additional third parties.

The Trust is continuing to evaluate whether such transactions meet the requirements of the Royalty Agreement. Without consistent arms’-length sales from Northshore to third parties, the calculation of royalties on iron ore that Northshore ships to Cliffs’ affiliates could be uncertain under the Royalty Agreement, which could in turn result in potential disputes regarding the amount of royalties owed to the Trust.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

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Item 3. Defaults upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

None.

Item 5. Other Information

Mine Safety and Health Administration Safety Data. Pursuant to §1503(a) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, Cliffs started reporting information related to certain mine safety results at Northshore. This information is available in Part II, Item 4 of Cliffs’ Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2024, filed with the SEC on July 24, 2024.

Item 6. Exhibits.

(a)Exhibits

The following exhibits are being filed or furnished with this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q:

Exhibit No.	Exhibit	Filing Method
31	Certification of Corporate Trustee of Mesabi Trust pursuant to Rule 13a-14 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	Filed herewith
32	Certification of Corporate Trustee of Mesabi Trust pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	Furnished herewith
99.1	Report of Boulay PLLP, dated September 5, 2024 regarding its review of the unaudited interim financial statements of Mesabi Trust as of and for the three and six months ended July 31, 2024	Filed herewith
101	Inline XBRL Instance Document	Filed herewith
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File	Embedded within the Inline XBRL document and contained in Exhibit 101

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	MESABI TRUST
	(Registrant)
	By:	DEUTSCHE BANK TRUST COMPANY AMERICAS
		Corporate Trustee
	Principal Administrative Officer and duly authorized signatory:*
September 5, 2024		By:	/s/ Chris Niesz
		Name: Chris Niesz*
		Title: Director

* There are no principal executive officers or principal financial officers of the registrant.

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