Derivative Financial Instruments

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

General Discussion of Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities [Abstract]

Derivative Financial Instruments

Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company is exposed to certain risks relating to its ongoing business operations. The primary risk managed by using derivative instruments is equity price risk. Equity contracts (options sold) on various equity securities are intended to manage the price risk associated with forecasted purchases or sales of such securities. From time to time, the Company also enters into derivative contracts to enhance returns on its investment portfolio.

The following tables present the location and amounts of derivative fair values in the consolidated balance sheets and derivative gains or losses in the consolidated statements of operations:

	Derivatives
	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(Amount in thousands)
Options sold - Other liabilities	$	1,928	$	1,955
Total	$	1,928	$	1,955

	Gains Recognized in Net Income (Loss)
	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
	(Amounts in thousands)
Options sold - Net realized investment gains	$	4,316	$	1,228
Total	$	4,316	$	1,228

Most options sold consist of covered calls. The Company writes covered calls on underlying equity positions held as an enhanced income strategy that is permitted for the Company’s insurance subsidiaries under statutory regulations. The Company manages the risk associated with covered calls through strict capital limitations and asset diversification throughout various industries. See Note 5. Fair Value Measurements for additional disclosures regarding options sold.