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Investments
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2019
Investments [Abstract]  
Investments
Investments

Total investments at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were as follows:
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
In millions
Current
 
Long-term
 
Total
 
Current
 
Long-term
 
Total
Debt securities available for sale
$
2,286

 
$
13,611

 
$
15,897

 
$
2,359

 
$
12,896

 
$
15,255

Mortgage loans
123

 
1,215

 
1,338

 
145

 
1,216

 
1,361

Other investments
17

 
1,584

 
1,601

 
18

 
1,620

 
1,638

Total investments
$
2,426

 
$
16,410

 
$
18,836

 
$
2,522

 
$
15,732

 
$
18,254



Debt Securities
Debt securities available for sale at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were as follows:
In millions
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
March 31, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government securities
$
1,704

 
$
40

 
$

 
$
1,744

States, municipalities and political subdivisions
2,246

 
71

 

 
2,317

U.S. corporate securities
6,777

 
288

 
(1
)
 
7,064

Foreign securities
2,243

 
110

 

 
2,353

Residential mortgage-backed securities
577

 
18

 

 
595

Commercial mortgage-backed securities
608

 
29

 

 
637

Other asset-backed securities
1,148

 
8

 
(7
)
 
1,149

Redeemable preferred securities
32

 
6

 

 
38

Total debt securities (1)
$
15,335

 
$
570

 
$
(8
)
 
$
15,897

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2018
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Debt securities:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

U.S. government securities
$
1,662

 
$
26

 
$

 
$
1,688

States, municipalities and political subdivisions
2,370

 
30

 
(1
)
 
2,399

U.S. corporate securities
6,444

 
61

 
(16
)
 
6,489

Foreign securities
2,355

 
31

 
(3
)
 
2,383

Residential mortgage-backed securities
567

 
10

 

 
577

Commercial mortgage-backed securities
594

 
11

 

 
605

Other asset-backed securities
1,097

 
3

 
(15
)
 
1,085

Redeemable preferred securities
30

 

 
(1
)
 
29

Total debt securities (1)
$
15,119

 
$
172

 
$
(36
)
 
$
15,255

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
_____________________________________________ 
(1)
Investment risks associated with the Company’s experience-rated products generally do not impact the Company’s consolidated operating results. At March 31, 2019, debt securities with a fair value of $939 million, gross unrealized capital gains of $45 million and no gross unrealized capital losses and at December 31, 2018, debt securities with a fair value of $916 million, gross unrealized capital gains of $12 million and gross unrealized capital losses of $2 million were included in total debt securities, but support experience-rated products. Changes in net unrealized capital gains (losses) on these securities are not reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income.

The fair value of debt securities at March 31, 2019 is shown below by contractual maturity. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because securities may be restructured, called or prepaid, or the Company intends to sell a security prior to maturity.
In millions
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair
Value
Due to mature:
 
 
 
Less than one year
$
990

 
$
993

One year through five years
5,511

 
5,630

After five years through ten years
2,991

 
3,125

Greater than ten years
3,510

 
3,768

Residential mortgage-backed securities
577

 
595

Commercial mortgage-backed securities
608

 
637

Other asset-backed securities
1,148

 
1,149

Total
$
15,335

 
$
15,897


Summarized below are the debt securities the Company held at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 that were in an unrealized capital loss position:
In millions, except number of securities
Number of Securities
 
Fair Value
 
Unrealized Losses
March 31, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
Debt securities:
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government securities
12

 
$
30

 
$

States, municipalities and political subdivisions
26

 
39

 

U.S. corporate securities
70

 
94

 
1

Foreign securities
39

 
47

 

Residential mortgage-backed securities
23

 

 

Commercial mortgage-backed securities
1

 
2

 

Other asset-backed securities
487

 
486

 
7

Redeemable preferred securities
1

 
6

 

Total debt securities
659

 
$
704

 
$
8

 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
 

 
 

Debt securities:
 
 
 

 
 

U.S. government securities
8

 
$
26

 
$

States, municipalities and political subdivisions
54

 
86

 
1

U.S. corporate securities
1,399

 
1,431

 
16

Foreign securities
243

 
314

 
3

Residential mortgage-backed securities
45

 
1

 

Other asset-backed securities
516

 
528

 
15

Redeemable preferred securities
14

 
23

 
1

Total debt securities
2,279

 
$
2,409

 
$
36

 
 
 
 
 
 


Since Aetna’s investment portfolio was measured at fair value as of the Aetna Acquisition Date, each of the securities in the table above were in an unrealized loss position for less than 12 months. The Company reviewed the securities in the tables above and concluded that these are performing assets generating investment income to support the needs of the Company’s business. In performing this review, the Company considered factors such as the quality of the investment security based on research performed by the Company’s internal credit analysts and external rating agencies and the prospects of realizing the carrying value of the security based on the investment’s current prospects for recovery. As of March 31, 2019, the Company did not intend to sell these securities, and did not believe it was more likely than not that it would be required to sell these securities prior to anticipated recovery of their amortized cost basis.

The maturity dates for debt securities in an unrealized capital loss position at March 31, 2019 were as follows:
 
Supporting
experience-rated products
 
Supporting remaining
products
 
Total
In millions
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
Due to mature:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Less than one year
$
1

 
$

 
$
20

 
$

 
$
21

 
$

One year through five years

 

 
43

 
1

 
43

 
1

After five years through ten years
6

 

 
82

 

 
88

 

Greater than ten years
4

 

 
60

 

 
64

 

Residential mortgage-backed securities

 

 

 

 

 

Commercial mortgage-backed securities

 

 
2

 

 
2

 

Other asset-backed securities

 

 
486

 
7

 
486

 
7

Total
$
11

 
$

 
$
693

 
$
8

 
$
704

 
$
8

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


Mortgage Loans
The Company’s mortgage loans are collateralized by commercial real estate. The Company did not have any mortgage loans during the three months ended March 31, 2018. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company had the following activity in its mortgage loan portfolio:
In millions
 
New mortgage loans
$
41

Mortgage loans fully repaid
52

Mortgage loans foreclosed

 
 


The Company assesses mortgage loans on a regular basis for credit impairments, and annually assigns a credit quality indicator to each loan. The Company’s credit quality indicator is internally developed and categorizes its portfolio on a scale from 1 to 7. These indicators are based upon several factors, including current loan to value ratios, property condition, market trends, creditworthiness of the borrower and deal structure. The vast majority of the Company’s mortgage loans fall into categories 2 to 4.

Category 1 - Represents loans of superior quality.
Categories 2 to 4 - Represent loans where credit risk is minimal to acceptable; however, these loans may display some susceptibility to economic changes.
Categories 5 and 6 - Represent loans where credit risk is not substantial, but these loans warrant management’s close attention.
Category 7 - Represents loans where collections are potentially at risk; if necessary, an impairment is recorded.

Based upon the most recent assessments at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company’s mortgage loans were given the following credit quality indicators:
In millions, except credit ratings indicator
March 31,
2019
 
December 31,
2018
1
$
41

 
$
42

2 to 4
1,283

 
1,301

5 and 6
14

 
18

7

 

Total
$
1,338

 
$
1,361

 
 
 
 
 

Net Investment Income
Sources of net investment income for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
In millions
2019
 
2018
Debt securities
$
156

 
$
50

Mortgage loans
17

 

Other investments
26

 

Gross investment income
199

 
50

Investment expenses
(9
)
 

Net investment income (excluding net realized capital gains or losses)
190

 
50

Net realized capital gains (1)
59

 

Net investment income (2)
$
249

 
$
50

 
 
 
 
_____________________________________________ 
(1)
Other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) losses on debt securities recognized in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations were $7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. There were no OTTI losses on debt securities for the three months ended March 31, 2018.
(2)
Net investment income includes $11 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 related to investments supporting experience-rated products. The Company had no investments supporting experience-rated products during the three months ended March 31, 2018.

The portion of unrealized capital gains and losses recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2019 related to investments in equity securities held as of the reporting date was not material.

The Company did not have any material proceeds from the sale of available for sale debt securities or related gross realized capital gains or losses for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Excluding amounts related to experience-rated products, proceeds from the sale of available for sale debt securities and the related gross realized capital gains and losses for the three months ended March 31, 2019 were as follows:
In millions
 
Proceeds from sales
$
1,489

Gross realized capital gains
35

Gross realized capital losses
2