Retirement Benefit Plans

12 Months Ended

Apr. 27, 2012

Compensation and Retirement Disclosure [Abstract]

Retirement Benefit Plans

15. Retirement Benefit Plans

The Company sponsors various retirement benefit plans, including defined benefit pension plans (pension benefits), post-retirement medical plans (post-retirement benefits), defined contribution savings plans, and termination indemnity plans, covering substantially all U.S. employees and many employees outside the U.S. The cost of these plans was $319million, $368million, and $237 million in fiscal years 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively.

In the U.S., the Company maintains a qualified pension plan designed to provide guaranteed minimum retirement benefits to all eligible U.S. employees. Pension coverage for non-U.S. employees of the Company is provided, to the extent deemed appropriate, through separate plans. In addition, U.S. and Puerto Rico employees of the Company are also eligible to receive specified Company paid healthcare and life insurance benefits through the Company's post-retirement benefits. In addition to the benefits provided under the qualified pension plan, retirement benefits associated with wages in excess of the IRS allowable limits are provided to certain employees under a non-qualified plan.

As of April 27, 2012 and April 29, 2011, the net underfunded status of the Company's benefit plans was $621 million and $253 million, respectively.

The change in benefit obligation and funded status of the Company's employee retirement plans are as follows:

	U.S.				Non-U.S.				Post-Retirement
	Pension Benefits				Pension Benefits				Benefits
	Fiscal Year				Fiscal Year				Fiscal Year
(in millions)	2012		2011		2012		2011		2012		2011
Accumulated benefit obligation at end of year:	$	1,673	$	1,342	$	589	$	526	$	339	$	295
Change in projected benefit obligation:
Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year	$	1,516	$	1,284	$	638	$	539	$	295	$	270
Service cost		92		87		42		39		19		18
Interest cost		87		77		29		25		17		16
Employee contributions		-		-		14		12		9		7
Plan amendments		-		8		(4)		2		-		(4)
Actuarial loss/(gain)		230		80		72		(41)		16		1
Benefits paid		(48)		(33)		(25)		(6)		(18)		(16)
Medicare Part D reimbursements		-		-		-		-		1		1
Special termination benefits		-		13		-		-		-		2
Foreign currency exchange rate changes		-		-		(49)		68		-		-
Projected benefit obligation at end of year		1,877		1,516		717		638		339		295
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year		1,392		1,104		606		420		198		158
Actual return on plan assets		25		141		49		14		4		21
Employer contributions		101		180		39		102		11		28
Employee contributions		-		-		14		12		9		7
Benefits paid		(48)		(33)		(25)		(6)		(18)		(16)
Foreign currency exchange rate changes		-		-		(45)		64		-		-
Fair value of plan assets at end of year		1,470		1,392		638		606		204		198
Funded status at end of year:
Fair value of plan assets		1,470		1,392		638		606		204		198
Benefit obligations		1,877		1,516		717		638		339		295
Underfunded status of the plans		(407)		(124)		(79)		(32)		(135)		(97)
Recognized liability	$	(407)	$	(124)	$	(79)	$	(32)	$	(135)	$	(97)
Amounts recognized on the consolidated balance sheets consist of:
Non-current assets	$	-	$	46	$	20	$	45	$	-	$	-
Current liabilities		(8)		(7)		(2)		(2)		(1)		(1)
Non-current liabilities		(399)		(163)		(97)		(75)		(134)		(96)
Recognized liability	$	(407)	$	(124)	$	(79)	$	(32)	$	(135)	$	(97)
Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive (loss)/income:
Prior service (benefit)/cost	$	5	$	4	$	6	$	13	$	(3)	$	(3)
Net actuarial loss		969		688		175		130		108		83
Ending balance	$	974	$	692	$	181	$	143	$	105	$	80

In certain countries outside the U.S., fully funding pension plans is not a common practice, as funding provides no income tax benefit. Consequently, certain pension plans were partially funded as of April 27, 2012 and April 29, 2011. U.S. and non-U.S. plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets consist of the following:
	Fiscal Year
(in millions)	2012		2011
Accumulated benefit obligation	$	1,737	$	396
Projected benefit obligation		1,955		437
Plan assets at fair value		1,481		193
Plans with projected benefit obligations in excess of plan assets consist of the following:
	Fiscal Year
(in millions)	2012		2011
Projected benefit obligation	$	2,456	$	474
Plan assets at fair value		1,950		225

The net periodic benefit cost of the plans include the following components:
	U.S. Pension Benefits						Non-U.S. Pension Benefits						Post-Retirement Benefits
	Fiscal Year						Fiscal Year						Fiscal Year
(in millions)	2012		2011		2010		2012		2011		2010		2012		2011		2010
Service cost	$	92	$	87	$	63	$	42	$	39	$	27	$	18	$	18	$	12
Interest cost		87		77		68		29		26		22		17		16		14
Expected return on plan assets		(121)		(106)		(100)		(36)		(27)		(24)		(16)		(13)		(9)
Amortization of prior service cost		(1)		(2)		(1)		1		1		1		-		-		-
Amortization of net actuarial loss		45		34		2		4		5		1		4		5		2
Curtailment gain		-		-		-		-		-		(1)		-		-		-
Net periodic benefit cost		102		90		32		40		44		26		23		26		19
Special termination benefits		-		13		7		-		-		-		-		2		2
Total cost for the period	$	102	$	103	$	39	$	40	$	44	$	26	$	23	$	28	$	21

The other changes in plan assets and projected benefit obligations recognized in accumulated other comprehensive (loss)/income for fiscal year 2012 are as follows:
(in millions)	U.S. Pension Benefits		Non-U.S. Pension Benefits		Post-Retirement Benefits
Net actuarial loss	$	326	$	59	$	29
Prior service credit		-		(4)		-
Amortization of prior service cost/(credit)		1		(1)		-
Amortization of net actuarial gain		(45)		(4)		(4)
Effect of exchange rates		-		(11)		-
Total recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss	$	282	$	39	$	25
Total recognized in net periodic pension cost and accumulated other comprehensive loss	$	384	$	79	$	48
The estimated amounts that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive (loss)/income into net periodic benefit cost, before tax, in fiscal year 2013 are as follows:
(in millions)	U.S. Pension Benefits		Non-U.S. Pension Benefits		Post-Retirement Benefits
Amortization of prior service cost	$	-	$	1	$	-
Amortization of net actuarial loss		71		8		5
	$	71	$	9	$	5

The actuarial assumptions are as follows:
	U.S. Pension Benefits						Non-U.S. Pension Benefits						Post-Retirement Benefits
	Fiscal Year						Fiscal Year						Fiscal Year
	2012		2011		2010		2012		2011		2010		2012		2011		2010
Weighted average assumptions – projected benefit obligation:
Discount rate	5.05	%	1.00	%	6.05	%	3.98	%	4.75	%	4.68	%	5.05	%	5.80	%	6.05	%
Rate of compensation increase	3.80	%	3.80	%	3.80	%	2.85	%	2.97	%	3.05	%	N/A		N/A		N/A
Initial health care cost trend rate pre-65	N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		7.50	%	7.75	%	8.00	%
Initial health care cost trend rate post-65	N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		7.25	%	7.50	%	7.75	%
Weighted average assumptions – net periodic benefit cost:
Discount rate	5.80	%	6.05	%	8.25	%	4.75	%	4.68	%	5.41	%	5.80	%	6.05	%	8.25	%
Expected return on plan assets	8.25	%	8.25	%	8.25	%	5.82	%	5.71	%	5.78	%	8.25	%	8.25	%	8.25	%
Rate of compensation increase	3.80	%	3.80	%	4.00	%	2.97	%	3.05	%	2.90	%	N/A		N/A		N/A
Initial health care cost trend rate pre-65	N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		7.75	%	8.00	%	8.50	%
Initial health care cost trend rate post-65	N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		7.50	%	7.75	%	8.00	%

The Company's discount rates are determined by considering current yield curves representing high quality, long-term fixed income instruments. The resulting discount rates are consistent with the duration of plan liabilities.

The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets assumptions are determined using a building block approach, considering historical averages and real returns of each asset class. In certain countries, where historical returns are not meaningful, consideration is given to local market expectations of long-term returns.

Retirement Benefit Plan Investment Strategy   The Company has an account that holds the assets for both the U.S. pension plan and other post-retirement benefits, primarily retiree medical benefits. For investment purposes, the plans are managed in an identical way, as their objectives are similar.

The Company has a Qualified Plan Committee (the Plan Committee) that sets investment guidelines with the assistance of an external consultant. These guidelines are established based on market conditions, risk tolerance, funding requirements, and expected benefit payments. The Plan Committee also oversees the investment allocation process, selects the investment managers, and monitors asset performance. As pension liabilities are long-term in nature, the Company employs a long-term total return approach to maximize the long-term rate of return on plan assets for a prudent level of risk. An annual analysis on the risk versus the return of the investment portfolio is conducted to justify the expected long-term rate of return assumption.

The investment portfolio contains a diversified portfolio of investment categories, including equities, fixed income securities, hedge funds, and private equity. Securities are also diversified in terms of domestic and international securities, short- and long-term securities, growth and value styles, large cap and small cap stocks, active and passive management, and derivative-based styles. The Plan Committee believes with prudent risk tolerance and asset diversification, the account should be able to meet its pension and other post-retirement obligations in the future.

Outside the U.S., pension plan assets are typically managed by decentralized fiduciary committees. There is significant variation in policy asset allocation from country to country. Local regulations, local funding rules, and local financial and tax considerations are part of the funding and investment allocation process in each country.

The Plan did not hold any investments in the Company's common stock as of April 27, 2012 and April 29, 2011.

The Company's pension plan target allocations at April 27, 2012 and April 29, 2011, by asset category, are as follows:

U.S. Plans
	Target Allocation
	2012		2011
Asset Category
Equity securities	50	%	50	%
Debt securities	20		20
Other	30		30
Total	100	%	100	%
Non-U.S. Plans
	Target Allocation
	2012		2011
Asset Category
Equity securities	41	%	41	%
Debt securities	23		23
Other	36		36
Total	100	%	100	%

Retirement Benefit Plan Asset Fair Values The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for retirement benefit plan assets measured at fair value.

Short-term investments: Valued at the closing price reported in the active markets in which the individual security is traded.

U.S. government securities: Certain U.S. government securities are valued at the closing price reported in the active markets in which the individual security is traded. Other U.S. government securities are valued based on inputs other than quoted prices that are observable.

Corporate debt securities: Valued based on inputs other than quoted prices that are observable.

Common stock: Valued at the closing price reported in the active markets in which the individual security is traded.

Equity Mutual Funds/Commingled Trusts: Valued based on the year-end net asset values of the investment vehicles. The net asset values of the investment vehicles are based on the fair values of the underlying investments of the partnerships valued at the closing price reported in the active markets in which the individual security is traded. Equity mutual funds have a daily reported net asset value and the Company classifies these investments as Level 2. Commingled trusts do not have a daily reported net asset value and the Company classifies these investments as Level 3.

Fixed Income Mutual Funds: Valued based on the year-end net asset values of the investment vehicles. The net asset values of the investment vehicles are based on the fair values of the underlying investments of the partnerships valued based on inputs other than quoted prices that are observable.

Partnership Units: Valued based on the year-end net asset values of the underlying partnerships. The net asset values of the partnerships are based on the fair values of the underlying investments of the partnerships. Quoted market prices are used to value the underlying investments of the partnerships, where available partnerships consist of the investment pools which invest primarily in common stocks.Partnership units include partnerships, private equity investments, and real asset investments.Partnerships primarily include long/short equity and absolute return strategies. These investments can be redeemed monthly with notice periods rangingfrom45 to 95 days. There are two absolute return strategy funds totaling $12 million that are in the process of liquidation. The Company expects to receive the majority of the proceeds over the next five years. Private equity investments consist of common stock and debt instruments of private companies. For private equity funds, the sum of the unfunded commitments is $21million and the estimated liquidation period of these funds is expected to be one to 15 years. Real asset investments consist of commodities, derivatives, Real Estate Investment Trusts, and illiquid real estate holdings. These investments have redemption and liquidation periods ranging from 30 days to 10 years. If a quoted market price is not available for a partnership investment, other valuation procedures are utilized to arrive at fair value.

Registered Investment Companies: Valued at the quoted market prices of shares held by the plan at year-end in the active market on which the individual securities are traded.

Insurance Contracts: Comprised of investments in collective (group) insurance contracts, consisting of individual insurance policies. The policyholder is the employer and each member is the owner/beneficiary of their individual insurance policy. These policies are a part of the insurance company's general portfolio and participate in the insurer's profit-sharing policy on an excess yield basis.

The methods described above may produce fair values that may not be indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future fair values. Furthermore, while the Company believes its valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different fair value measurement at the reporting date.

During fiscal year 2011,the Companyreviewed the hierarchy classification of fixed income mutual funds. The Company determined these investments had valuation characteristics consistent with Level 2 securities. Consequently, the Company transferred fixed income mutual funds from Level 1 to Level 2. Additionally, the Company reviewed the hierarchy classification of registered investment companies. The Company determined these investments had valuation characteristics consistent with Level 2 securities. Consequently, the Company transferred registered investment companies from Level 1 to Level 2. There were no transfers from Level 1 or 2 to Level 3 during the fiscal year ended April 27, 2012.

The following tables provide information by level for the retirement benefit plan assets that are measured at fair value, as defined by U.S. GAAP. See Note 7 for discussion of the fair value measurement terms of Levels 1, 2, and 3.

U.S.Pension Benefits

	Fair Value		Fair Value Measurements
	at		Using Inputs Considered as
(in millions)	April 27, 2012		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Short-term investments	$	133	$	133	$	-	$	-
U.S. government securities		169		151		18		-
Corporate debt securities		46		-		45		1
Other common stock		186		186		-		-
Equity mutual funds/commingled trusts		316		-		123		193
Fixed income mutual funds		62		-		62		-
Partnership units		558		-		-		558
	$	1,470	$	470	$	248	$	752
	Fair Value		Fair Value Measurements
	at		Using Inputs Considered as
(in millions)	April 29, 2011		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Short-term investments	$	186	$	186	$	-	$	-
U.S. government securities		118		74		44		-
Corporate debt securities		82		-		82		-
Other common stock		201		201		-		-
Equity mutual funds/commingled trusts		309		-		67		242
Fixed income mutual funds		53		-		53		-
Partnership units		443		-		-		443
	$	1,392	$	461	$	246	$	685

The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of U.S. pension benefits assets measured at fair value that used significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):
	April 27,		April 29,
(in millions)	2012		2011
Beginning Balance	$	685	$	601
Total realized gains/(losses) and other-than-temporary impairment (losses), net included in earnings		17		5
Total unrealized (losses)/gains included in accumulated other comprehensive loss		(17)		78
Purchases, issuances, and settlements		67		1
Ending Balance	$	752	$	685

Non-U.S. Benefits
	Fair Value		Fair Value Measurements
	at		Using Inputs Considered as
(in millions)	April 27, 2012		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Registered investment companies	$	622	$	-	$	622	$	-
Insurance contracts		9		-		-		9
Partnership units		7		-		-		7
	$	638	$	-	$	622	$	16
	Fair Value		Fair Value Measurements
	at		Using Inputs Considered as
(in millions)	April 29, 2011		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Registered investment companies	$	590	$	-	$	590	$	-
Insurance contracts		9		-		-		9
Partnership units		7		-		-		7
	$	606	$	-	$	590	$	16

The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of non-U.S. pension benefits assets measured at fair value that used significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):
	April 27,		April 29,
(in millions)	2012		2011
Beginning Balance	$	16	$	7
Foreign currency exchange		(2)		1
Purchases, issuances, and settlements		2		8
Ending Balance	$	16	$	16

Post-Retirement Benefits
	Fair Value		Fair Value Measurements
	at		Using Inputs Considered as
(in millions)	April 27, 2012		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Short-term investments	$	19	$	19	$	-	$	-
U.S. government securities		25		22		3		-
Corporate debt securities		6		-		6		-
Other common stock		27		27		-		-
Equity mutual funds/commingled trusts		46		-		18		28
Fixed income mutual funds		9		-		9		-
Partnership units		80		-		-		80
Total	$	212	$	68	$	36	$	108
Other items to reconcile to fair value of plan assets		(8)
	$	204
	Fair Value		Fair Value Measurements
	at		Using Inputs Considered as
(in millions)	April 29, 2011		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Short-term investments	$	28	$	28	$	-	$	-
U.S. government securities		17		11		6		-
Corporate debt securities		12		-		12		-
Other common stock		30		30		-		-
Equity mutual funds/commingled trusts		46		-		10		36
Fixed income mutual funds		8		-		8		-
Partnership units		66		-		-		66
Total	$	207	$	69	$	36	$	102
Other items to reconcile to fair value of plan assets		(9)
	$	198

The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of post-retirement benefit assets measured at fair value that used significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):
	April 27,		April 29,
(in millions)	2012		2011
Beginning Balance	$	102	$	89
Total realized gains/(losses) and other-than-temporary impairment (losses), net included in earnings		2		1
Total unrealized gains included in accumulated other comprehensive loss		(2)		12
Purchases, issuances, and settlements		6		-
Ending Balance	$	108	$	102

Retirement Benefit Plan Funding It is the Company's policy to fund retirement costs within the limits of allowable tax deductions. During fiscal year 2012, the Company made discretionary contributions of approximately $ 101 million to the U.S. pension plan and approximately $11 million to fund post-retirement benefits. Internationally, the Company contributed approximately $39million for pension benefits during fiscal year 2012. During fiscal year 2013, the Company anticipates that its contribution for pension benefits and post-retirement benefits will be consistent with those contributions made during fiscal year 2012. Based on the guidelines under the U.S. Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 and the various guidelines which govern the plans outside the U.S., the majority of anticipated fiscal year 2013 contributions will be discretionary.

Retiree benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, are anticipated to be paid as follows:

(in millions)	U.S. Pension Benefits		Non-U.S. Pension Benefits		Post-Retirement Benefits
Fiscal Year	Gross Payments		Gross Payments		Gross Payments		Gross Medicare Part D Receipts
2013	$	53	$	19	$	11	$	1
2014		59		21		12		1
2015		65		22		14		1
2016		72		24		16		1
2017		80		25		19		2
2018 – 2022		528		152		134		15
Total	$	857	$	263	$	206	$	21

In March 2010, President Obama signed into law the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) and the Health care and Education Affordability Reconciliation Act (Reconciliation Act). Included among the major provisions of these laws is a change in the tax treatment of the Medicare Part D subsidy. The subsidy came into existence with the enactment of the Medicare Modernization Act (MMA) in 2003 and is available to sponsors of retiree health benefit plans with a prescription drug benefit that is actuarially equivalent to the benefitprovided by the Medicare Part D program. Prior to the enactment of the PPACA and the Reconciliation Act, the Company was allowed to deduct the full cost of its retiree drug plans without reduction for subsidies received.

Under U.S. GAAP, the Company records a liability on its balance sheet for the expected cost of earned future retiree health benefits. When the MMA was enacted in 2003, this liability was reduced to reflect expected future subsidies from the Medicare Part D program. In addition, the Company recorded a reduction to the deferred tax liability on the balance sheet for the value of future tax deductions for these retiree health benefits. Each year, as additional benefits are earned and benefit payments are made, the Company adjusts the post-retirement benefits liability and deferred tax liability.

After the passage of the PPACA and the Reconciliation Act, the Company must reduce the tax deduction for retiree drug benefits paid by the amount of the Medicare Part D subsidy beginning in 2013. U.S. GAAP requires the impact of a change in tax law to be recognized immediately in the income statement in the period that includes the enactment date, regardless of the effective date of the change in tax law. As a result of this change in tax law, the Company recorded a non-cash charge of $15 million in fiscal year 2010 to increase the deferred tax liability. As a result of this legislation, the Company will be evaluating prospective changes to the active and retiree healthcare benefits offered by the Company.

The Company's U.S. qualified defined benefit plans are funded in excess of 80 percent, and therefore, the Company expects that the plans will not be subject to the “at risk” funding requirements of the Pension Protection Act and that the law will not have a material impact on future contributions.

The initial healthcare cost trend rates for post-retirement benefit plans was 7.50 percent for pre-65 and 7.25 percent for post-65 at April 27, 2012. Based on actuarial data, the trend rates are expected to decline to 5.0 percent over a five-year period. Assumed healthcare cost trend rates have a significant effect on the amounts reported for the healthcare plans. A one-percentage-point change in assumed healthcare cost trend rates would have the following effects:

(in millions)		One-Percentage- Point Increase		One-Percentage- Point Decrease
Effect on post-retirement benefit cost	$	2	$	(2)
Effect on post-retirement benefit obligation		17		(16)

Defined Contribution Savings Plans    The Company has defined contribution savings plans that cover substantially all U.S. employees and certain non-U.S. employees. The general purpose of these plans is to provide additional financial security during retirement by providing employees with an incentive to make regular savings. Company contributions to the plans are based on employee contributions and Company performance and since fiscal year 2006, the entire match has been made in cash. Expense under these plans was $106 million, $147 million, and $110 million in fiscal years 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively.

Effective May 1, 2005, the Company froze participation in the existing defined benefit pension plan in the U.S. and implemented two new plans including an additional defined benefit pension plan and a new defined contribution pension plan, respectively: the Personal Pension Account (PPA) and the Personal Investment Account (PIA). Employees in the U.S. hired on or after May 1, 2005 have the option to participate in either the PPA or the PIA. Participants in the PPA receive an annual allocation of their salary and bonus on which they will receive an annual guaranteed rate of return which is based on the ten-year Treasury bond rate. Participants in the PIA also receive an annual allocation of their salary and bonus; however, they are allowed to determine how to invest their funds among identified fund alternatives. The cost associated with the PPA is included in U.S. Pension Benefits in the tables presented earlier. The defined contribution cost associated with the PIA was approximately $48 million, $46 million, and $41 million in fiscal years 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively.