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Acquisitions and Acquisition-Related Items, Contingent Consideration (Details) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Jan. 23, 2015
Jan. 24, 2014
Jan. 23, 2015
Jan. 24, 2014
Apr. 25, 2014
Fair Value Inputs          
Contingent Consideration $ 93us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiability $ 66us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiability $ 93us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiability $ 66us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiability  
Reconciliation of Beginning and Ending Balances of Contingent Milestone Payments Associated with Acquisitions          
Beginning Balance 91us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiability 45us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiability 68us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiability 142us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiability  
Purchase price contingent consideration 6mdt_BusinessAcquisitionPurchasePriceContingentConsideration 60mdt_BusinessAcquisitionPurchasePriceContingentConsideration 29mdt_BusinessAcquisitionPurchasePriceContingentConsideration 60mdt_BusinessAcquisitionPurchasePriceContingentConsideration  
Contingent milestone payments 0mdt_BusinessAcquisitionContingentConsiderationMilestonePayment 0mdt_BusinessAcquisitionContingentConsiderationMilestonePayment (5)mdt_BusinessAcquisitionContingentConsiderationMilestonePayment (1)mdt_BusinessAcquisitionContingentConsiderationMilestonePayment  
Change in fair value of contingent consideration (4)us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1 (39)us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1 1us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1 (135)us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1  
Ending Balance 93us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiability 66us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiability 93us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiability 66us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiability  
Recurring          
Fair Value Inputs          
Contingent Consideration 93us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiability
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  93us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiability
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Reconciliation of Beginning and Ending Balances of Contingent Milestone Payments Associated with Acquisitions          
Beginning Balance         68us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiability
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Ending Balance 93us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiability
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  93us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiability
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Recurring | Level 3          
Fair Value Inputs          
Contingent Consideration 93us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiability
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Reconciliation of Beginning and Ending Balances of Contingent Milestone Payments Associated with Acquisitions          
Beginning Balance         68us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiability
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Ending Balance 93us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiability
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Other Long-term Liabilities          
Fair Value Inputs          
Contingent Consideration 81us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiability
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  81us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiability
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  51us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiability
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Reconciliation of Beginning and Ending Balances of Contingent Milestone Payments Associated with Acquisitions          
Beginning Balance         51us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiability
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Ending Balance 81us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiability
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  81us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiability
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  51us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiability
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Other Accrued Expenses          
Fair Value Inputs          
Contingent Consideration 12us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiability
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  12us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiability
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  17us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiability
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Reconciliation of Beginning and Ending Balances of Contingent Milestone Payments Associated with Acquisitions          
Beginning Balance         17us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiability
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Ending Balance 12us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiability
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Product Development Milestone [Member] | Recurring | Level 3          
Fair Value Inputs          
Discount rate     5.50%us-gaap_FairValueInputsDiscountRate
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Probability of payment     75.00%mdt_FairValueInputsProbabilityOfPayment
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Projected fiscal year of payment     2018    
Product Development Milestone [Member] | Recurring | Level 3 | Discounted Cash Flow          
Fair Value Inputs          
Contingent Consideration 26us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiability
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  26us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiability
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Reconciliation of Beginning and Ending Balances of Contingent Milestone Payments Associated with Acquisitions          
Ending Balance 26us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiability
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Revenue-based Payments | Recurring | Level 3          
Fair Value Inputs          
Probability of payment     100.00%mdt_FairValueInputsProbabilityOfPayment
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Revenue-based Payments | Recurring | Level 3 | Discounted Cash Flow          
Fair Value Inputs          
Contingent Consideration 67us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiability
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Reconciliation of Beginning and Ending Balances of Contingent Milestone Payments Associated with Acquisitions          
Ending Balance 67us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiability
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Revenue-based Payments | Minimum | Recurring | Level 3          
Fair Value Inputs          
Discount rate     13.50%us-gaap_FairValueInputsDiscountRate
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Projected fiscal year of payment     2015    
Revenue-based Payments | Maximum | Recurring | Level 3          
Fair Value Inputs          
Discount rate     27.20%us-gaap_FairValueInputsDiscountRate
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Projected fiscal year of payment     2025    
Business combinations or purchases of intellectual property prior to April 24, 2009 [Member]          
Fair Value Inputs, Liabilities, Quantitative Information [Line Items]          
Business Combination, Contingent Consideration Arrangements, Range of Outcomes, Value, High $ 196us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsRangeOfOutcomesValueHigh
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  $ 196us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsRangeOfOutcomesValueHigh
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