UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2023

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission File No. 001-11703

GENCOR INDUSTRIES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	59-0933147
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

5201 North Orange Blossom Trail

Orlando, Florida 32810

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (407) 290-6000

SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OF THE ACT:

Title of Class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of Exchange on which Registered
Common Stock ($.10 Par Value)	GENC	NYSE American LLC

SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(g) OF THE ACT: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act    ☐  Yes    ☑  No

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15 (d) of the Act     ☐  Yes    ☑  No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    ☑  Yes    ☐  No 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    ☑  Yes    ☐  No 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

Large Accelerated Filer	☐	Accelerated Filer	☑
Non-Accelerated Filer	☐	Smaller Reporting Company	☑
Emerging Growth Company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.  ☑

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b).  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    ☐  Yes    ☑  No 

State the aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold, or the average bid and asked price of such common equity, as of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter:    $160,204,000.

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the registrant’s classes of Common Stock, as of the latest practicable date. As of December 8, 2023:

Common Stock ($.10 par value):	12,338,845 shares
Class B Stock ($.10 par value):	2,318,857 shares

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the Registrant’s 2024 Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of the Stockholders (the “Proxy Statement”) are incorporated by reference into Part III hereof. Except with respect to information specifically incorporated by reference in this Form 10-K, the Proxy Statement is not deemed to be filed as a part hereof.

Introductory Note: Caution Concerning Forward-Looking Statements

This Annual Report on Form 10-K (this “Annual Report”) and the Company’s other communications and statements may contain certain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), including statements about the Company’s beliefs, plans, objectives, goals, expectations, estimates, projections and intentions. All forward-looking statements, by their nature, are subject to significant risks and uncertainties and are subject to change based on various factors, many of which are beyond the Company’s control. The Company’s actual future results may differ materially from those set forth in the Company’s forward-looking statements depending on a variety of important factors, including the financial condition of the Company’s customers, changes in the economic and competitive environments and demand for the Company’s products. In addition, on February 24, 2022, Russian military forces invaded Ukraine. The impact to Ukraine from the invasion as well as actions taken by other countries, including new and stricter sanctions imposed by the U.S. and other countries and companies against officials, individuals, regions, and industries in Russia, and actions taken by Russia and certain other countries in response to such sanctions, could result in a disruption in our supply chain and higher costs of our products. The words “may,” “could,” “should,” “would,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “target,” “goal,” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements.

For information concerning these factors and related matters, see “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A in this Annual Report, and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Part II, Item 7 in this Annual Report. However, other factors besides those referenced could adversely affect the Company’s results, and you should not consider any such list of factors to be a complete set of all potential risks or uncertainties. Any forward-looking statements made by the Company herein speak as of the date of this Annual Report. The Company does not undertake to update any forward-looking statement, except as required by law.

2

PART I

ITEM 1 BUSINESS

General

Gencor Industries, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company,” “Gencor,” “we,” “us” or “our”) is a leading manufacturer of heavy machinery used in the production of highway construction equipment and materials and environmental control equipment.    The Company’s products are manufactured in the United States and sold through a combination of Company sales representatives and independent dealers and agents.

The Company designs, manufactures and sells machinery and related equipment used primarily for the production of asphalt and highway construction equipment and materials. The Company’s principal core products include asphalt pavers, hot mix asphalt plants, combustion systems, and fluid heat transfer systems. The Company believes that its technical and design capabilities and environmentally friendly process technology have enabled it to become a leading producer of hot mix asphalt plants and related components in North America.

Because the Company’s products are sold primarily to companies in the highway construction industry, its business has historically been seasonal. Traditionally, the Company’s customers do not purchase new equipment during the summer and fall months to avoid disrupting their peak season for highway construction and repair work. The majority of orders for the Company’s asphalt plants and pavers are typically received between October and February, with a significant volume of shipments occurring prior to June. The principal factors driving demand for the Company’s products are the level of federal and state funding for domestic highway construction and repair, the replacement of existing plants, and a trend towards efficient, larger plants.

In 1968, the Company was formed by the merger of Mechtron Corporation with General Combustion, Inc. (“General Combustion”) and Genco Manufacturing, Inc. The new entity reincorporated in Delaware in 1969 and adopted the name Mechtron International Corporation in 1970. In 1985, the Company began a series of acquisitions into related fields starting with the Beverley Group Ltd. in the United Kingdom. Hy-Way Heat Company, Inc. and the Bituma Group were acquired in 1986. In 1987, the Company changed its name to Gencor Industries, Inc. and acquired Davis Line Inc. and its subsidiaries in 1988.

In 1998, the Company entered into agreements with Carbontronics, LLC, pursuant to which the Company designed, manufactured, sold and installed four synthetic fuel production plants. In addition to payment for the plants, the Company received membership interests in two synthetic fuel entities. These derived significant cash flows from the sale of synthetic fuel and tax credits (Internal Revenue Code, Section 29) and, consequently, distributed significant cash to the Company from 2001 to 2010. The tax credit legislation expired at the end of calendar year 2007. Consequently, the four synthetic fuel plants were decommissioned. The plants were sold or transferred to site owners in exchange for a release of all contracted liabilities related to the removal of plants from the sites. Gencor’s ownership in the two synthetic fuel entities ended in 2013. In 2020, the Company acquired the asphalt paver assets from Volvo Construction Equipment North America LLC.

Products

Asphalt Plants. The Company manufactures and produces hot-mix asphalt plants used in the production of asphalt paving materials. The Company also manufactures related asphalt plant equipment, including hot-mix storage silos, fabric filtration systems, cold feed bins and other plant components. The Company’s H&B (Hetherington and Berner) product line is the world’s oldest asphalt plant line, first manufactured in 1894. The Company’s subsidiary, Bituma Corporation, formerly known as Boeing Construction Company, developed the first continuous process for asphalt production. Gencor developed and patented the first counter flow drum mix technology, several adaptations of which have become the industry standard, which recaptures and burns emissions and vapors, resulting in a cleaner and more efficient process. The Company also manufactures a very comprehensive range of fully mobile batch plants.

3

Combustion Systems and Industrial Incinerators. The Company manufactures combustion systems, which are large burners that can transform most solid, liquid or gaseous fuels into usable energy, or burn multiple fuels, alternately or simultaneously. Through its subsidiary General Combustion, the Company has been a significant source of combustion systems for the asphalt and aggregate drying industries since the 1950’s. The Company also manufactures combustion systems for rotary dryers, kilns, fume and liquid incinerators and fuel heaters. The Company believes maintenance and fuel costs are lower for its burners because of their superior design.

Fluid Heat Transfer Systems. The Company’s General Combustion subsidiary manufactures the Hy-Way Heat and Beverley lines of thermal fluid heat transfer systems and specialty storage tanks for a wide array of industry uses. Thermal fluid heat transfer systems are similar to boilers, but use high temperature oil instead of water. Thermal fluid heaters have been replacing steam pressure boilers as the best method of heat transfer for storage, heating and pumping viscous materials (i.e., asphalt, chemicals, heavy oils, etc.) in many industrial and petrochemical applications worldwide. The Company believes the high-efficiency design of its thermal fluid heaters can outperform competitive units in many types of process applications.

Asphalt Pavers. The Company manufactures asphalt pavers under the Blaw-Knox brand. The Blaw-Knox brand dates back over a century, when in 1917 Blaw Collapsible Steel Centering Company merged with the Knox Pressed and Welded Steel Company. Blaw-Knox made its first road paving equipment in 1929. Blaw-Knox pavers are the industry leading, highway class pavers that deliver outstanding reliability and produce the highest quality rideable surfaces in the industry. Projects paved with Blaw-Knox pavers continually win industry awards for the highest quality highway pavements.

Product Engineering and Development

The Company is engaged in product engineering and development efforts to expand its product lines and to further develop more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly equipment.

Product engineering and development activities are directed toward more efficient methods of producing asphalt and lower cost fluid heat transfer systems. In addition, efforts are also focused on developing combustion systems that operate at higher efficiency and offer a higher level of environmental compatibility.

Sources of Supply and Manufacturing

Substantially all products and components sold by the Company and its subsidiaries are manufactured and assembled by the Company. The Company purchases steel, other raw materials and hardware used to manufacture its products from numerous suppliers. The Company may augment internal production by outsourcing some of its production when demand for its products exceeds its manufacturing capacity.

Seasonality

The Company is concentrated in the manufacturing of asphalt pavers, asphalt plants and related components, which is typically subject to a seasonal slow-down during the third and fourth quarters of the calendar year.

Competition

The markets for the Company’s products are highly competitive. The industry remains fairly concentrated, with a small number of companies competing for the majority of the Company’s product lines. The principal competitive factors include quality, price, delivery, availability, and technology. The Company believes it manufactures the highest quality equipment in the industry. Its products’ performance reliability, brand recognition, pricing, and after-the-sale technical support are other important factors.

Sales and Marketing

The Company’s products and services are marketed through Company-employed sales representatives and independent dealers.

4

Sales Backlog

The size of the Company’s backlog should not be viewed as an indicator of the Company’s quarterly or annualized revenues, due to the timing of order fulfillment of asphalt plants. The Company’s backlog was $57.8 million and $43.2 million as of December 1, 2023 and December 1, 2022, respectively.

Financial Information about Geographic Areas Reporting Segments

See Reporting Segments and Geographic Areas in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Licenses, Patents and Trademarks

The Company holds numerous patents covering technology and applications related to various products, equipment and systems, and numerous trademarks and trade names registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and in various foreign countries. In general, the Company depends upon technological capabilities, manufacturing quality control and application know-how, rather than patents or other proprietary rights in the conduct of its business.

Government Regulations

The Company believes its design and manufacturing processes meet all industry and governmental agency standards that may apply to its entire line of products, including all domestic and foreign environmental, structural, electrical and safety codes. The Company’s products are designed and manufactured to comply with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulations. Certain state and local regulatory authorities have strong environmental impact regulations. While the Company believes that such regulations have helped, rather than restricted its marketing efforts and sales results, there is no assurance that changes to federal, state, local, or foreign laws and regulations will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s products and earnings in the future.

Environmental Matters

The Company is subject to various federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment. The Company believes it is in compliance with all applicable environmental laws and regulations. The Company does not expect any material impact on future operating costs as a result of compliance with currently enacted environmental regulations.

Employees

As of September 30, 2023, the Company had 314 full-time and 3 part-time employees. The Company has a collective bargaining agreement covering employees at its Marquette, Iowa facility. No other employees are represented by a labor union or collective bargaining agreement.

Available Information

For further discussion concerning the Company’s business, see the information included in Item 7 (Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations) and Item 8 (Financial Statements and Supplementary Data) of this Annual Report.

The Company makes available free of charge through its website at www.gencor.com the Company’s Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and all amendments to those reports, if applicable, filed or furnished pursuant to Sections 13(a) and 15(d) of the Exchange Act, as soon as reasonably practicable after the material is electronically filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The information posted on the website is not incorporated into this Annual Report.

5

ITEM 1A RISK FACTORS

The following risk factors and other information included in this Annual Report should be carefully considered. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones the Company faces. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to the Company, or that the Company presently deems less significant, may also impair the Company’s operations. If any of the following risks actually occur, the Company’s business operating results and financial condition could be materially adversely affected. The order of these risk factors does not reflect their relative importance or likelihood of occurrence.

The business is affected by the cyclical nature of the markets it serves.

The demand for the Company’s products is dependent on general economic conditions and more specifically, Federal and state funding for highways and roads. Adverse economic conditions may cause customers to forego or delay new purchases and rely more on repairing existing equipment thus negatively impacting the Company’s sales and profits.

The business is affected by the level of government funding for highway construction in the United States and Canada.

Most highway contractors in the U.S. and Canada depend on funding by federal, provincial, state and local agencies for highway, transit and infrastructure programs. Future legislation may increase or decrease government spending, which, if decreased, could have a negative effect on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations. Federal and/or state funding allocated to infrastructure may decrease in the future.

The loss of any relationship with a large customer, or a significant downturn in the business or financial condition of any such customer, could have adverse consequences on the Company’s future business.

During the year ended September 30, 2023, one customer accounted for 14.8% of net revenue. No customer accounted for 10% or more of net revenue for the year ended September 30, 2022. The loss of any relationship with a large customer, or a significant reduction in sales to any such customer, could adversely affect the Company’s revenues and, consequently, its business.

If the Company fails to comply with requirements relating to internal control over financial reporting under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the business could be harmed and its stock price could decline.

Rules adopted by the SEC pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 require the Company to assess its internal control over financial reporting annually. The rules governing the standards that must be met for management to assess its internal control over financial reporting are complex. They require significant documentation, testing, and possible remediation of any significant deficiencies in and/or material weaknesses of internal controls in order to meet the detailed standards under these rules. The Company has evaluated its internal control over financial reporting as effective as of September 30, 2023. See Item 9A – Controls and Procedures – Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Although the Company concluded that its internal control over financial reporting was effective as of September 30, 2023, in future fiscal years, the Company may encounter unanticipated delays or problems in assessing its internal control over financial reporting as effective or in completing its assessments by the required dates. In addition, the Company cannot be assured that its independent registered public accountants will attest that internal control over financial reporting is effective in future fiscal years. If the Company cannot assess its internal control over financial reporting as effective, investor confidence and share value may be negatively impacted.

6

The Company may be required to reduce its profit margins on contracts where revenues are recognized over time.

Revenues from contracts with customers for the design, manufacture and sale of custom equipment are recognized over time when the performance obligation is satisfied by transferring control of the equipment. Control of the equipment transfers over time as the equipment is unique to the specific contract and thus does not create an asset with an alternative use. Revenues and costs are recognized in proportion to actual labor costs incurred, as compared with total estimated labor costs expected to be incurred during the entire contract. As a result, revisions made to the estimates of revenues and profits are recorded in the period in which the conditions that require such revisions become known and can be estimated. Although the Company believes that its profit margins are fairly stated and that adequate provisions for losses for its fixed-price contracts are recorded in the financial statements, as required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”), the Company cannot assure that its estimated contract profit margins will not decrease or its estimated loss provisions will not increase materially in the future.

The Company may encounter difficulties with acquisitions.

As part of its strategy, the Company intends to evaluate the acquisition of other companies, assets or product lines that would complement or expand the Company’s existing business or broaden its customer base. Although the Company conducts due diligence reviews of potential acquisition candidates, it may not be able to identify all material liabilities or risks related to potential acquisitions. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to locate and acquire any business, retain key personnel and customers of an acquired business or integrate any acquired business successfully. Additionally, there can be no assurance that financing for any acquisition, if necessary, will be available on acceptable terms, if at all, or that the Company will be able to accomplish its strategic objectives in connection with any acquisition.

The Company’s marketable securities are comprised of cash and money funds, equities, corporate bonds, exchange-traded funds, and government securities invested through professional investment management firms and are subject to various risks, such as interest rates, markets, and credit.

The Company’s marketable securities are comprised of cash and money funds, equities, corporate bonds, exchange-traded funds, and government securities invested through professional investment management firms and are subject to various risks, such as interest rate risk, market risk, and credit risk. Due to the level of risk associated with certain investment securities and the level of uncertainty related to changes in the value of securities, adverse developments with respect to interest rates, the capital markets or the credit markets could have a material adverse impact on the value of these investment securities and ultimately, the Company’s results of operations.

There are and will continue to be quarterly fluctuations of the Company’s operating results.

The Company’s operating results historically have fluctuated from quarter to quarter as a result of a number of factors, including the value, timing and shipment of individual orders and the mix of products sold. Revenues from contracts with customers for the design, manufacture and sale of custom equipment are recognized over time when the performance obligation is satisfied by transferring control of the equipment. Revenues from all other contracts for the design and manufacture of equipment, for service and for parts sales, net of any discounts and return allowances, are recorded at a point in time when control of the goods or services has been transferred. The Company’s asphalt production equipment operations are subject to seasonal fluctuations, which may lower revenues and result in possible quarterly operating losses.

If the Company is unable to attract and retain key personnel, its business could be adversely affected.

The success of the Company will continue to depend substantially upon the efforts, abilities and services of its management team and certain other key employees. The loss of one or more key employees could adversely affect the Company’s operations. The Company’s ability to attract and retain qualified personnel, either through direct hiring, or acquisition of other businesses employing such persons, will also be an important factor in determining its future success.

7

The Company may be required to defend its intellectual property against infringement or against infringement claims of others.

The Company holds numerous patents covering technology and applications related to various products, equipment and systems, and numerous trademarks and trade names registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and in various foreign countries. There can be no assurance as to the breadth or degree of protection that future patents or trademarks may afford the Company, or that any pending patent or trademark applications will result in issued patents or trademarks, or that the Company’s patents, registered trademarks or patent applications, if any, will be upheld if challenged, or that competitors will not develop similar or superior methods or products outside the protection of any patents issued, licensed or sublicensed to the Company. Although the Company believes that none of its technologies, products or trademarks infringe upon the patents, technologies, products or trademarks of others, it is possible that the Company’s trademarks or other rights may not be valid or that infringement of future patents, trademarks or proprietary rights may occur. In the event that the Company’s products are deemed to infringe upon the patent or proprietary rights of others, the Company could be required to modify the design of its products, change the name of its products or obtain a license for the use of certain technologies incorporated into its products. There can be no assurance that the Company would be able to do any of the foregoing in a timely manner, upon acceptable terms and conditions, or at all, and the failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on the Company. In addition, there can be no assurance that the Company will have the financial or other resources necessary to enforce or defend a patent, registered trademark or other proprietary right, and, if the Company’s products are deemed to infringe upon the patents, trademarks or other proprietary rights of others, the Company could become liable for damages, which could also have a material adverse effect on the Company.

The Company may be subject to substantial liability for its products.

The Company is engaged in a business that could expose it to possible liability claims for personal injury or property damage due to alleged design or manufacturing defects in its products. The Company believes that it meets existing professional specification standards recognized or required in the industries in which it operates, and there are no material product liability claims pending against the Company as of the date hereof. Although the Company currently maintains product liability coverage, which it believes is adequate for the continued operation of its business, such insurance may prove inadequate or become difficult to obtain or unobtainable in the future on terms acceptable to the Company.

The Company is subject to extensive environmental laws and regulations, and the costs related to compliance with, or the Company’s failure to comply with, existing or future laws and regulations, could adversely affect the business and results of operations.

The Company’s operations are subject to federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment. Sanctions for noncompliance may include revocation of permits, corrective action orders, significant administrative or civil penalties and criminal prosecution. The Company’s business involves environmental management and issues typically associated with historical manufacturing operations. To date, the Company’s cost of complying with environmental laws and regulations has not been material, but the fact that such laws or regulations are changed frequently makes predicting the cost or impact of such laws and regulations on the Company’s future operations uncertain.

The Company is dependent upon third-party suppliers, making it vulnerable to supply shortages and price increases.

The principal raw material the Company uses is carbon steel which is sourced through numerous suppliers. The Company also uses select suppliers to provide proprietary components to its finished products. Although the Company believes that raw materials are available from alternate sources, an interruption in the supply of steel or related products or a substantial increase in the price of steel or related products could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s production and its results of operations.

In addition, the cost of parts or materials may increase significantly for reasons other than changes in commodity prices. Factors such as supply and demand, freight costs, availability of transportation, availability of labor, inventory levels, the level of imports, the imposition of duties and tariffs and other trade barriers and general economic conditions may affect the price of our parts or materials. Market conditions could limit the Company’s ability to raise selling prices to offset increases in material and/or labor costs.

8

In the future, we could experience some disruption in the supply of some of our parts or materials that we purchase from suppliers. Delays in obtaining parts or materials may result from a number of factors affecting our suppliers including capacity constraints, labor shortages or supplier product quality issues. These risks are increased in a weak economic environment or when demand increases coming out of an economic downturn. Such disruptions could result in manufacturing inefficiencies caused by the Company having to wait for parts to arrive on production lines, could delay sales and could result in a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial condition, and/or cash flows.

The Company is subject to government regulations.

The Company is committed to responsible environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) practices. The Company strives to be recognized as a company that achieves customer expectations safely and in a manner that rewards both its customers and its employees. The Company strives to achieve these goals through an organizational structure that provides excellent service and a reputation of integrity with the communities where it operates while providing its employees with growth opportunities in an injury-free environment.

The Company is subject to a variety of governmental regulations relating to the manufacturing of its products. Failure by the Company to comply with regulations could subject it to liabilities, or suspension of production that could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results. Such regulations could also restrict the Company’s ability to expand its facilities, or to incur other expenses to comply with such regulations. Although the Company believes it has the design and manufacturing capability to meet all industry or governmental agency standards that may apply to its product lines, including all domestic and foreign environmental, structural, electrical and safety codes, there can be no assurance that governmental laws and regulations will not become more stringent over time, imposing greater compliance costs and increasing risks and penalties associated with a violation. The cost to the Company of such compliance to date has not materially affected its business, financial condition or results of operations. There can be no assurance, however, that violations will not occur in the future as a result of human error, equipment failure or other causes. The Company’s customers are also subject to extensive regulations, including those related to the workplace. The Company cannot predict the nature, scope or effect of governmental legislation, or regulatory requirements that could be imposed or how existing or future laws or regulations will be administered, or interpreted. Compliance with more stringent laws or regulations, as well as more vigorous enforcement policies of regulatory agencies, could require substantial expenditures by the Company and could adversely affect its business, financial condition and results of operations.

Increasing scrutiny and changing expectations from stakeholders with respect to the Company’s ESG practices may expose us to new or additional risks.

Companies across many industries are facing increasing scrutiny from stakeholders related to their ESG practices. Investor advocacy groups, certain institutional investors, investment funds and other influential investors are also increasingly focused on ESG practices and in recent years have placed increasing importance on the implications and social cost of their investments. Regardless of the industry, investors’ and stakeholders’ increased focus related to stakeholder ESG expectations and standards, which are evolving, may cause the Company to suffer from reputational damage and its business or financial condition could be adversely affected.

The Company’s management has effective voting control.

The Company’s officers beneficially own 100% of the outstanding shares of the Company’s Class B stock. The holders of the Class B stock are entitled to elect 75% (calculated to the nearest whole number, rounding five-tenths to next highest whole number) of the members of the Company’s Board of Directors. Further, approval of a majority of the holders of the Class B stock is generally required to affect a sale of the Company and certain other corporate transactions. As a result, the Class B shareholders can elect more than a majority of the Board of Directors and exercise significant influence over most matters requiring approval by the Company’s shareholders. This concentration of control may also have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control.

9

The issuance of preferred stock may impede a change of control or may be dilutive to existing shareholders.

The Company’s Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, authorizes the Company’s Board of Directors, without shareholder vote, to issue up to 300,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more series and to determine for any series the dividend, liquidation, conversion, voting or other preferences, rights and terms that are senior, and not available, to the holders of the Company’s common stock. Thus, issuances of series of preferred stock could adversely affect the relative voting power, distributions and other rights of the common stock. The issuance of preferred stock could deter or impede a merger, tender offer or other transaction that some, or a majority of the Company’s common shareholders might believe to be in their best interest or in which the Company’s common shareholders might receive a premium for their shares over the then current market price of such shares.

The Company may be required to indemnify its directors and executive officers.

The Company has authority under Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law to indemnify its directors and officers to the extent provided in that statute. The Company’s Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, provides that a director shall not be personally liable to the Company for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except to the extent such exemption from liability or limitation thereof is not permitted under the Delaware General Corporation Law. The Company’s Bylaws provide, in part, that it indemnify each of its directors and officers against liabilities imposed upon them (including reasonable amounts paid in settlement) and expenses incurred by them in connection with any claim made against them or any action, suit or proceeding to which they may be a party by reason of their being or having been a director or officer. The Company maintains officers’ and directors’ liability insurance coverage. There can be no assurance that such insurance will be available in the future, or that if available, it will be available on terms that are acceptable to the Company. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that the insurance coverage provided will be sufficient to cover the amount of any judgment awarded against an officer or director (either individually or in the aggregate). Consequently, if such judgment exceeds the coverage under the policy, the Company may be forced to pay such difference.

The Company enters into indemnification agreements with each of its executive officers and directors containing provisions that may require the Company, among other things, to indemnify them against certain liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as officers or directors (other than liabilities arising from willful misconduct of a culpable nature) and to advance their expenses incurred as a result of any proceeding against them as to which they could be indemnified. Management believes that such indemnification provisions and agreements are necessary to attract and retain qualified persons as directors and executive officers.

The Company does not expect to pay cash dividends for the foreseeable future.

The Company intends to retain its cash to fund its business requirements. It does not anticipate paying cash dividends on its common stock or Class B stock. Any future determination to pay cash dividends will be at the discretion of the Company’s Board of Directors and will be dependent upon existing conditions, including the financial condition and results of operations, capital requirements, contractual restrictions, business prospects, and other factors that the Board of Directors considers relevant.

Competition could reduce revenue from the Company’s products and services and cause it to lose market share.

The Company currently faces competition in product performance, price and service. Some of the Company’s competitors have greater financial, product development and marketing resources than the Company. If competition in the Company’s industry intensifies or if the current competitors enhance their products or lower their prices for competing products, the Company may lose sales or be required to lower the prices it charges for its products. This may reduce revenues from the Company’s products and services, lower its gross margins, or cause a loss in market share.

10

The Company’s quarterly operating results are likely to fluctuate, which may decrease its stock price.

The Company’s quarterly operating results have varied significantly in the past and are likely to vary significantly from quarter to quarter in the future. As a result, the Company’s operating results may fall below the expectations of securities analysts and investors in some quarters, which could result in a decrease in the market price of its common stock. The reasons the Company’s quarterly results may fluctuate include:

• General competitive and economic conditions;

• Delays in, or uneven timing in, delivery of customer orders;

• The seasonal nature of the industry;

• The fluctuations in the market value of its securities portfolio;

• The introduction of new products by the Company or its competitors;

• Product supply shortages;

• Reduced demand due to adverse weather conditions;

• Expiration or renewal of Federal highway programs; and

• Changes to federal, state or Canadian provincial programs.

Period-to-period comparisons of such items should not be relied on as indications of future performance.

The Company’s common stock has been, and likely will continue to be, subject to substantial price and volume fluctuations due to a number of factors, many of which will be beyond the Company’s control.

The market price of the Company’s common stock may be significantly affected by various factors, such as:

• Quarterly variations in operating results;

• Changes in revenue growth rates as a whole or for specific geographic areas or products;

• Changes in earnings estimates by market analysts;

• The announcement of new products or product enhancements by the Company or its competitors;

• Speculation in the press or analyst community of potential acquisitions by the Company; and

• General market conditions or market conditions specific to particular industries.

11

Global, market and economic conditions may negatively impact our business, financial condition and share price.

Concerns over inflation, geopolitical issues, global financial markets and global public health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic have led to increased economic instability and expectations of slower global economic growth. Our business may be adversely affected by any such economic instability or unpredictability. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and related sanctions has led to increased oil and natural gas prices. Additionally, the armed conflict involving Hamas and Israel, as well as further escalation of tensions between Israel and various countries in the Middle East and North Africa, may cause increased inflation in energy and logistics costs and could further cause general economic conditions in the U.S. or abroad to deteriorate. Such sanctions and disruptions to the global economy may lead to additional inflation and may disrupt the global supply chain and could have a material adverse effect on our ability to secure supplies. The increased cost of oil, along with increased or prolonged periods of inflation, would likely increase our costs in the form of higher wages, further inflation on supplies and equipment necessary to operate our business. There is a risk that one or more of our suppliers could be negatively affected by global economic instability, which could adversely affect our ability to operate efficiently and timely complete our operational goals.

The Company may suffer adverse consequences if it is deemed an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”).

Under Section 3(a)(1)(C) of the Investment Company Act, a company is deemed to be an investment company if it is, or holds itself out as being, engaged primarily, or proposes to engage primarily, in the business of investing, reinvesting, or trading in securities and owns investment securities having a value exceeding 40% of the value of its total assets (exclusive of U.S. Government securities and cash items) on an unconsolidated basis. The Company believes that it is not an investment company under Section 3(a)(1)(A) of the Investment Company Act because it does not hold itself out as being engaged primarily in the business of investing, reinvesting, or trading in securities. Rather, the Company has been a manufacturer of heavy equipment used in the production of asphalt for highway construction and environmental control equipment for over 50 years. The Company’s core products include asphalt plants, asphalt pavers, combustion systems, and fluid heat transfer systems.

As reflected on the Company’s balance sheet at September 30, 2023, the Company owns a significant amount of marketable securities, which include cash, cash equivalents, government and corporate bonds, and exchange-traded funds. Section 3(a)(2) defines the term “investment securities”, as used in Section 3(a)(1)(C) to include all marketable securities except government securities and cash and cash equivalents. The value of the Company’s investment securities is significantly below 40% of the value of its total assets (excluding government securities and cash items) at September 30, 2023.

If the Company was deemed to be, and was required to register as an investment company, the Company would comply with the requirements of the Investment Company Act. As an investment company, the Company would be (i) subjected to disclosure and accounting guidance geared toward investment, rather than operating, companies; (ii) significantly limited in its ability to borrow money, issue options, issue multiple classes of stock and debt, and engage in transactions with affiliates; and (iii) required to undertake significant costs and expenses to meet other disclosure, reporting, and regulatory requirements to which it would be subject as a registered investment company.

The Company faces risks with the acquisition of Blaw-Knox and any future acquisitions.

The Company acquired the Blaw-Knox paver assets on October 1, 2020. The success of this acquisition depends, in part, on the Company’s ability to successfully grow the business and realize anticipated benefits, including any synergies. It may take longer than expected to realize growth in the business or realize anticipated benefits, which may be smaller than the Company expected. Also, there are a number of challenges and risks involved in the Company’s ability to successfully integrate Blaw-Knox with its current business. Any of these factors could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

12

Acquiring businesses or products that expand and/or complement the Company’s operations has been an element of its business strategy. The Company may not be able to successfully identify attractive acquisition candidates or negotiate favorable terms in the future. Furthermore, the Company’s ability to effectively integrate any future acquisitions will depend on, among other things, the adequacy of its implementation plans, the ability of its management to oversee and operate effectively the combined operations, and the Company’s ability to achieve desired operational efficiencies. The Company’s failure to successfully integrate the operations of any business that it may acquire in the future may adversely affect our business, financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

There can be a shortage of skilled production workers, especially those with welding and/or fabricating capabilities. The Company could experience difficulty hiring or replacing those individuals, which could adversely affect its business.

Our fabrication process requires skilled production workers. If we are unable to retain and hire an adequate number of individuals with welding and fabrication capabilities, this could adversely impact our ability to achieve our financial objectives. In addition, if demand for skilled production workers were to significantly outstrip supply, wages for these workers could dramatically increase and could affect our financial performance.

13

ITEM 1B UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None

ITEM 2 PROPERTIES

The following table lists the operating properties owned or leased by the Company as of September 30, 2023:

Location	Acreage		Building Square Footage		Principal Function
Marquette, Iowa		72.0		137,000	Owned offices and manufacturing
Orlando, Florida		27.0		215,000	Owned corporate offices and manufacturing
Chambersburg, Pennsylvania		7.4		104,000	Leased offices and manufacturing

ITEM 3 LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

The Company has various litigation and claims, either as a plaintiff or defendant, pending as of the date of this Annual Report, which have occurred in the ordinary course of business, and which may be covered in whole, or in part, by insurance. Management has reviewed all litigation matters arising in the ordinary course of business and, upon advice of legal counsel, has made provisions, not deemed material, for any probable losses and expenses of litigation.

ITEM 4 MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

None

14

PART II

ITEM 5 MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

The Company’s common stock is traded on the NYSE American LLC under the symbol “GENC.”

The Company has not issued any securities during the prior two years that were not already registered under the Exchange Act.

As of September 30, 2023, there were 162 holders of common stock of record and 6 holders of Class B stock of record. The Company has not paid cash dividends during the last two fiscal years and has no intention to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future.

EQUITY COMPENSATION PLANS

The Company’s 2009 Incentive Compensation Plan expired on October 1, 2021. There were no other equity compensation plans and arrangements previously approved by security holders as of September 30, 2023.

ITEM 6 [RESERVED]

15

ITEM 7 MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

“Forward-Looking” Information

This Annual Report contains certain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Exchange Act, which represent the Company’s expectations and beliefs, including, but not limited to, statements concerning gross margins, sales of the Company’s products and future financing plans, income from investees and litigation. These statements by their nature involve substantial risks and uncertainties, certain of which are beyond the Company’s control. Actual results may differ materially depending on a variety of important factors, including the financial condition of the Company’s customers, changes in the economic and competitive environments, the performance of the investment portfolio and the demand for the Company’s products.

For information concerning these factors and related matters, see “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A in this Annual Report. However, other factors besides those referenced could adversely affect the Company’s results, and you should not consider any such list of factors to be a complete set of all potential risks or uncertainties. Any forward-looking statements made by the Company herein speak as of the date of this Annual Report. The Company does not undertake to update any forward-looking statements, except as required by law.

Overview

Gencor is a leading manufacturer of heavy machinery used in the production of highway construction equipment and materials and environmental control equipment. The Company’s core products include asphalt pavers, hot mix asphalt plants, combustion systems, fluid heat transfer systems and asphalt pavers. The Company’s products are manufactured at three facilities in the United States.

Because the Company’s products are sold primarily to the highway construction industry, the business is seasonal in nature. Traditionally, the Company’s customers reduce their purchases of new equipment for shipment during the summer and fall months to avoid disrupting their peak season for highway construction and related repair work. The majority of orders for the Company’s products are thus received between October and February, with a significant volume of shipments occurring in the late winter and spring. The principal factors driving demand for the Company’s products are the overall economic conditions, the level of government funding for domestic highway construction and repair, Canadian infrastructure spending, the need for spare parts, fluctuations in the price of liquid asphalt, and a trend towards larger more efficient asphalt plants.

On November 15, 2021, President Biden signed into law a five-year, $1.2 trillion infrastructure bill, the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (the “IIJ Act”), including $550 billion in new spending and reauthorization of $650 billion in previously allocated funds. The IIJ Act provides $110 billion for the nation’s highways, bridges and roads.

Fluctuations in the price of carbon steel, which is a significant cost and material used in the manufacturing of the Company’s equipment, may affect the Company’s financial performance. The Company is subject to fluctuations in market prices for raw materials, such as steel. If the Company is unable to purchase materials it requires or is unable to pass on price increases to its customers or otherwise reduce its cost of goods sold, its business results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected.

Also, a significant increase in the price of liquid asphalt could decrease demand for hot mix asphalt paving materials and certain of the Company’s products. Increases in oil prices also drive up the cost of gasoline and diesel, which results in increased freight costs. Where possible, the Company will pass increased freight costs on to its customers. However, the Company may not be able to recapture all of the higher costs and thus could have a negative impact on the Company’s financial performance.

16

The Company believes its strategy of continuing to invest in product engineering and development and its focus on delivering the highest quality products and superior service will strengthen the Company’s market position. The Company continues to review its internal processes to identify inefficiencies and cost-reduction opportunities. The Company will continue to scrutinize its relationships with suppliers to ensure it is achieving the highest quality materials and services at the most competitive cost.

On July 19, 2022, the Company announced that it was transferring the listing of its common stock, $0.10 per share par value (“Common Stock”), to the NYSE American LLC (“NYSE American”) from the NASDAQ Global Market (“NASDAQ”). Listing and trading of the Company’s Common Stock on NASDAQ ended at market close on July 29, 2022 and listing and trading of its Common Stock on the NYSE American commenced at market open on August 1, 2022 under its current ticker symbol ‘GENC’.

Results of Operations

Year ended September 30, 2023 compared with the year ended September 30, 2022

Net revenue for the year ended September 30, 2023 increased slightly to $105,075,000 from $103,479,000 for the year ended September 30, 2022. Net revenue for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023 decreased 9.5% to $20,871,000 compared to $23,072,000 for the quarter ended September 30, 2022.

As a percent of sales, gross profit margins increased to 27.6% in fiscal 2023 from 19.9% in fiscal 2022 on increased parts sales at higher margins, and improved efficiency, absorption and favorable price realization.

Product engineering and development (“PED”) expense in fiscal 2023 decreased $867,000 to $3,458,000 from $4,325,000 in fiscal 2022 due to reduced headcount and improved efficiency. Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses in fiscal 2023 increased $102,000 to $12,154,000 from $12,052,000 in fiscal 2022.

Fiscal 2023 had operating income of $13,425,000 versus $4,167,000 in fiscal 2022. The increase in operating income was due to improved gross profit margins and reduced operating expenses.

As of September 30, 2023 and 2022, the cost basis of the investment portfolio was $85,514,000 and $94,879,000, respectively. $10,000,000 was transferred from the investment portfolio to cash to fund operating needs of the business during fiscal 2023. For the year ended September 30, 2023, interest and dividend income, net of fees, was $2,108,000, as compared to $1,305,000 for year ended September 30, 2022. Interest income for the year ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year increased due to higher rates earned on fixed income investments coupled with the Company reallocating a majority of its holdings in equities to fixed income in January 2023. Net realized and unrealized gains on marketable securities were $3,243,000 for the year ended September 30, 2023 versus net realized and unrealized losses of $(7,009,000) for the year ended September 30, 2022. The higher gains in fiscal 2023 were due to a stronger domestic stock market. The fiscal 2022 investment losses reflect the general decline in global equity and bond markets in the prior year. The total cash, cash equivalents and investments balance at September 30, 2023 was $101,283,000, compared to $98,881,000 at September 30, 2022, an increase of $2,402,000.

The effective income tax rate for fiscal 2023 was 21.9% versus (78.0%) in fiscal 2022. The income tax benefit for fiscal 2022 reflects the impact of book to tax timing differences in the deductibility of certain items, the benefit from research and development tax refunds and credits, and other adjustments.

In fiscal 2022, the Company generated $475,000 of federal research and development tax credits (“R&D Credits”), all of which were used in fiscal 2022. There were no R&D Credits generated in fiscal 2023 and there were no carryforwards of R&D Credits as of September 30, 2023 or September 30, 2022.

17

Net income for the year ended September 30, 2023 was $14,666,000 or $1.00 per diluted share versus net loss of $(372,000) or $(0.03) per diluted share for the year ended September 30, 2022.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company generates capital resources through operations and returns from its investments.

The Company had no long-term debt outstanding at September 30, 2023 or 2022. In April 2020, a financial institution issued an irrevocable standby letter of credit (“letter of credit”) on behalf of the Company for the benefit of one of the Company’s insurance carriers. The maximum amount that can be drawn by the beneficiary under the letter of credit is $150,000. The letter of credit expires in April 2024, unless terminated earlier, and can be extended, as provided by the agreement. The Company intends to renew the letter of credit for as long as the Company does business with the beneficiary insurance carrier. The letter is collateralized by restricted cash of the same amount on any outstanding drawings. To date, no amounts have been drawn under the letter of credit.

As of September 30, 2023, the Company had $17,031,000 in cash and cash equivalents, and $84,252,000 in marketable securities. The marketable securities are invested through a professional investment management firm. The securities may be liquidated at any time into cash and cash equivalents.

The Company’s backlog, which includes orders received through the filing date of this Annual Report, was $75.8 million at September 30, 2023 versus $60.2 million at September 30, 2022. The Company’s working capital was $164.8 million at September 30, 2023 versus $150.1 million at September 30, 2022.

The significant purchases, sales and maturities of marketable securities shown on the consolidated statements of cash flows typically reflect the frequent purchase and sale of United States treasury bills.

Year ended September 30, 2023 compared with the year ended September 30, 2022

Cash flows provided by operations in fiscal 2023 were $10,196,000 primarily resulting from net income and sale of marketable securities, and partially offset by increased inventory. The significant purchases, sales and maturities of marketable securities shown on the consolidated statements of cash flows reflect purchases and sales of United States treasury bills and notes. Inventories increased by $15,712,000 primarily due to progress on several large contract orders where revenue is recognized at a point in time, the impact of the inflationary environment on raw material and wage price increases, and stock build to adjust for the increasing lead times from suppliers.

Cash flows used in operations in fiscal 2022 was $9,135,000 primarily resulting from increased inventory. The significant purchases, sales and maturities of marketable securities shown on the consolidated statements of cash flows reflect purchases and sales of United States treasury bills and notes. Inventories increased by $13,927,000 primarily due to progress on several large contract orders where revenue is recognized at a point in time, the impact of the inflationary environment on raw material and wage price increases, and some stock build to adjust for the increasing lead times from suppliers. Accounts payable increased by $1,146,000 due primarily to the additional payables related to the increase in inventory.

Cash flows used in investing activities for the years ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022, were $2,746,000 and $4,516,000, respectively, and were primarily related to the capital expenditures for manufacturing processing and finishing equipment.

18

Critical Accounting Policies, Estimates and Assumptions

The Company believes the following discussion addresses it’s most critical accounting policies, which are those that are most important to the portrayal of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations and require management’s most difficult, subjective, or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. Accounting policies, in addition to the critical accounting policies referenced below, are presented in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, “Accounting Policies.”

Estimates and Assumptions

In preparing the Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company uses certain estimates and assumptions that may affect reported amounts and disclosures. Estimates and assumptions are used, among other places, when accounting for certain revenue (e.g., contract accounting), expense, and asset and liability valuations. The Company believes that the estimates and assumptions made in preparing the Consolidated Financial Statements are reasonable, but are inherently uncertain. Assumptions may be incomplete or inaccurate and unanticipated events may occur. The Company is subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ from estimated results.

Revenues & Expenses

The Company accounts for revenues and related expenses under the provisions of ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), as amended (“ASU No. 2014-09”). Revenues from contracts with customers for the design, manufacture and sale of custom equipment are recognized over time when the performance obligation is satisfied by transferring control of the equipment. Control of the equipment transfers over time as the equipment is unique to the specific contract and thus does not create an asset with an alternative use to the Company. Revenues and related costs are recognized in proportion to actual labor costs incurred, as compared with total estimated labor costs expected to be incurred during the entire contract. All incremental costs related to obtaining a contract are expensed as incurred as the amortization period is less than one year. Changes to total estimated contract costs or losses, if any, are recognized in the period in which they are determined.

Contract assets (excluding accounts receivable) under contracts with customers represent revenue recognized in excess of amounts billed on equipment sales recognized over time. These contract assets were $1,508,000 and $2,118,000 at September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and are included in current assets as costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Company anticipates that all of the contract assets at September 30, 2023, will be billed and collected within one year.

Revenues from all other contracts for the design and manufacture of equipment, for service and for parts sales, net of any discounts and return allowances, are recorded at a point in time when control of the goods or services has been transferred. Control of the goods or service typically transfers at time of shipment or upon completion of the service.

Payment for equipment under contract with customers is typically due prior to shipment. Payment for services under contract with customers is due as services are completed. Accounts receivable related to contracts with customers at September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022 were $114,000 and $142,000, respectively.

Product warranty costs are estimated using historical experience and known issues and are charged to production costs as revenue is recognized.

Under certain contracts with customers, recognition of a portion of the consideration received may be deferred and recorded as a contract liability if the Company has to satisfy a future obligation, such as to provide installation assistance. There were no contract liabilities other than customer deposits at September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022. Customer deposits related to contracts with customers were $6,815,000 and $5,864,000 at September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and are included in current liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

19

The Company records revenues earned for shipping and handling as freight revenue at the time of shipment, regardless of whether or not it is identified as a separate performance obligation. The cost of shipping and handling is classified as cost of goods sold concurrently.

Provisions for estimated returns and allowances and other adjustments are provided for in the same period the related sales are recorded. Returns and allowances, which reduce product revenue, are estimated using historical experience. All product engineering and development costs, and selling, general and administrative expenses are charged to operations as incurred. Provision is made for any anticipated contract losses in the period that the loss becomes evident. The allowance for doubtful accounts is determined by performing a specific review of all account balances greater than 90 days past due and other higher risk amounts to determine collectability and also adjusting for any known customer payment issues with account balances in the less-than-90-day past due aging buckets. Account balances are charged off against the allowance for doubtful accounts when they are determined to be uncollectable. Any recoveries of account balances previously considered in the allowance for doubtful accounts reduce future additions to the allowance for doubtful accounts.

Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost being determined under the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) method and net realizable value defined as the estimated selling price of goods less reasonable costs of completion and delivery (see Note 2 to Consolidated Financial Statements). Appropriate consideration is given to obsolescence, excessive levels, deterioration, possible alternative uses and other factors in determining net realizable value. The cost of work in process and finished goods includes materials, direct labor, variable costs and overhead. The Company evaluates the need to record inventory adjustments on all inventories, including raw materials, work in process, finished goods, spare parts and used equipment. Used equipment acquired by the Company on trade-in from customers is carried at estimated net realizable value. Unless specific circumstances warrant different treatment regarding inventory obsolescence, an allowance is established to reduce the cost basis of inventories three to four years old by 50%, the cost basis of inventories four to five years old by 75%, and the cost basis of inventories greater than five years old to zero. Inventory is typically reviewed for obsolescence on an annual basis computed as of September 30, the Company’s fiscal year end. If significant known changes in trends, technology or other specific circumstances that warrant consideration occur during the year, then the impact on obsolescence is considered at that time.

Investments

Marketable debt and equity securities are categorized as trading securities and are thus marked to market and stated at fair value. Fair value is determined using the quoted closing or latest bid prices for Level 1 investments and market standard valuation methodologies for Level 2 investments. Realized gains and losses on investment transactions are determined by specific identification and are recognized as incurred in the consolidated statements of operations. Net unrealized gains and losses are reported in the consolidated statements of operations and represent the change in the fair value of investment holdings during the period.

Long Lived Asset Impairment

Property and equipment, and intangible assets subject to amortization are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset (or asset group) may not be recoverable. An impairment loss would be recognized when the carrying amount of an asset exceeds the estimated undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. The amount of the impairment loss to be recorded is calculated by the excess over its fair value of the asset’s carrying value. Fair value is generally determined using a discounted cash flow analysis.

Inflation

The overall effects of inflation on the Company’s business during fiscal 2023 and 2022 have been significant relative to prior years. The Company monitors the prices it charges for its products and services on an ongoing basis and has been able to adjust its prices to take into account future changes in the rate of inflation.

20

Contractual Obligations

The Company had no long-term or short-term debt as of September 30, 2023 and there was no long-term debt facility in place at September 30, 2023.

In April 2020, a financial institution issued an irrevocable standby letter of credit (“letter of credit”) on behalf of the Company for the benefit of one of the Company’s insurance carriers. The maximum amount that can be drawn by the beneficiary under the letter of credit is $150,000. The letter of credit expires in April 2024, unless terminated earlier, and can be extended, as provided by the agreement. The Company intends to renew the letter of credit for as long as the Company does business with the beneficiary insurance carrier. The letter is collateralized by restricted cash of the same amount on any outstanding drawings. To date, no amounts have been drawn under the letter of credit.

On August 28, 2020, the Company entered into a three year operating lease for property related to the manufacturing and warehousing of the Blaw-Knox paver business. The lease term was for the period September 1, 2020 through August 31, 2023. In March 2023, the Company extended the lease term through August 31, 2024. On October 9, 2020, the Company entered into an operating lease for additional warehousing space for paver inventory. The lease term is for one year beginning November 2020 with automatic one-year renewals.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

None

ITEM 7A QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Not applicable

ITEM 8 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

21

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

GENCOR INDUSTRIES, INC.

	Page
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm		23
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2023 and 2022		26
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022		27
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022		28
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022		29
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements		30

All other schedules are omitted because they are not applicable or the required information is shown in the consolidated financial statements or notes thereto.

22

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Gencor Industries, Inc.:

Opinions on the Consolidated Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Gencor Industries, Inc. (the “Company”) as of September 30, 2023 and 2022, and the related consolidated statements of operations, shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the consolidated financial statements). We have also audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of September 30, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.

Basis for Opinions

The Company’s management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying “Item 9A, Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting”. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

23

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and the receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

Allowance for Slow-Moving and Obsolete Inventories

As disclosed in Note 1 of the notes to the Company’s consolidated financial statements, the Company records an estimated allowance for slow-moving and obsolete inventories to state the Company’s inventories at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The Company relies on, among other things, past usage, sales experience, recent order and quote activity, possible alternative uses, future sales forecasts, and its strategic business plan to develop the estimate. As a result of management’s assessment, the Company recorded an allowance for slow-moving and obsolete inventories of approximately $9,813,000 as of September 30, 2023.

Auditing management’s estimate of the allowance for slow-moving and obsolete inventories involved subjective evaluation and high degree of auditor judgement due to significant assumptions involved in estimating future inventory turnover and sales.

The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. We evaluated the design and tested operating effectiveness of certain internal controls that address the risks of material misstatement relating to recording inventory at the lower of cost or net realizable value. We tested the accuracy and completeness of the underlying data used in calculating the inventory allowance, including testing of a sample of inventory usage transactions, and recomputed the allowance calculation. We also evaluated the Company’s ability to accurately estimate the assumptions used to develop the estimate by comparing historical allowance amounts to the history of actual inventory write-offs. Furthermore, we reviewed management’s business plan and forecasts of future sales.

24

Revenue from Contracts with Customers Where Revenue Is Recognized Over Time

As disclosed in Note 1 of the notes to the Company’s consolidated financial statements, the Company recognizes revenues from contracts with customers for the design, manufacture and sale of custom equipment over time when the performance obligation is satisfied by transferring control of the equipment. Control of the equipment transfers over time, as the equipment is unique to the specific contract and thus does not create an asset with an alternative use to the Company. Revenues and costs are recognized in proportion to actual labor costs incurred, as compared with total estimated labor costs expected to be incurred, during the entire contract. Changes to total estimated contract costs or losses, if any, are recognized in the period in which they are determined. The Company recorded approximately $34,150,000 in revenue from custom equipment sales contracts during the year ended September 30, 2023.

Auditing management’s estimate of total estimated labor costs expected to be incurred for the entire contract with respect to incomplete contracts, and the percentage of completion on those contracts as of the end of the year involved subjective evaluation and a high degree of auditor judgement due to significant assumptions involved in estimating total labor costs to complete.

The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. We evaluated the design and tested operating effectiveness of certain internal controls that address the risks of material misstatement relating to recording revenue from contracts with customers where revenue is recognized over time. We tested the accuracy and completeness of the underlying data used in calculating the percentage of completion on incomplete contracts, including review of contracts, change orders, and underlying labor and material costs, and recomputed the percentage of completion on individual contracts. We also evaluated the Company’s ability to accurately estimate the assumptions used to develop the estimate by comparing historical cost estimates to actual costs on completed contracts.

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2001.

/s/ MSL, P.A.

MSL, P.A.

Certified Public Accountants

PCAOB ID Number:     569

Orlando, Florida

December 13, 2023

25

Part I. Financial Information

GENCOR INDUSTRIES, INC.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

As of September 30, 2023 and 2022

ASSETS	2023		2022
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	17,031,000	$	9,581,000
Marketable securities at fair value (cost of $85,514,000 at September 30, 2023 and $94,879,000 at September 30, 2022)		84,252,000		89,300,000
Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $545,000 at September 30, 2023 and $370,000 at September 30, 2022		2,467,000		2,996,000
Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings		1,508,000		2,118,000
Inventories, net		71,527,000		55,815,000
Prepaid expenses		2,169,000		2,669,000
Total current assets		178,954,000		162,479,000
Property and equipment, net		13,246,000		13,491,000
Deferred and other income taxes		3,167,000		2,893,000
Other long-term assets		381,000		450,000
Total Assets	$	195,748,000	$	179,313,000
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	3,269,000	$	4,251,000
Customer deposits		6,815,000		5,864,000
Accrued expenses		3,753,000		1,885,000
Current operating lease liabilities		328,000		390,000
Total current liabilities		14,165,000		12,390,000
Non-current operating lease liabilities		—		6,000
Total liabilities		14,165,000		12,396,000
Commitments and contingencies
Shareholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, par value $.10 per share; 300,000 shares authorized; none issued		—		—
Common stock, par value $.10 per share; 15,000,000 shares authorized; 12,338,845 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2023 and 2022		1,234,000		1,234,000
Class B Stock, par value $.10 per share; 6,000,000 shares authorized; 2,318,857 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2023 and 2022		232,000		232,000
Capital in excess of par value		12,590,000		12,590,000
Retained earnings		167,527,000		152,861,000
Total shareholders’ equity		181,583,000		166,917,000
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity	$	195,748,000	$	179,313,000

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

26

GENCOR INDUSTRIES, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Operations

For the Years Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

	2023		2022
Net revenue	$	105,075,000	$	103,479,000
Cost of goods sold		76,038,000		82,935,000
Gross profit		29,037,000		20,544,000
Operating expenses:
Product engineering and development		3,458,000		4,325,000
Selling, general and administrative		12,154,000		12,052,000
Total operating expenses		15,612,000		16,377,000
Operating income		13,425,000		4,167,000
Other income (expense), net:
Interest and dividend income, net of fees		2,108,000		1,305,000
Realized and unrealized gains (losses) on marketable securities, net		3,243,000		(7,009,000	)
Other		—		(156,000	)
	5,351,000		(5,860,000)
Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit)		18,776,000		(1,693,000	)
Income tax expense (benefit)		4,110,000		(1,321,000	)
Net income (loss)	$	14,666,000	$	(372,000	)
Basic earnings (loss) per common share	$	1.00	$	(0.03	)
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share	$	1.00	$	(0.03	)

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

27

GENCOR INDUSTRIES, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity

For the Years Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

	Common Stock				Class B Stock				Capital in Excess of		Retained			Total Shareholders’
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Par Value		Earnings			Equity
September 30, 2021		12,338,845	$	1,234,000		2,318,857	$	232,000	$	12,590,000	$	153,233,000		$	167,289,000
Net loss		—		—		—		—		—		(372,000	)		(372,000	)
September 30, 2022		12,338,845	$	1,234,000		2,318,857	$	232,000	$	12,590,000	$	152,861,000		$	166,917,000
Net income		—		—		—		—		—		14,666,000			14,666,000
September 30, 2023		12,338,845	$	1,234,000		2,318,857	$	232,000	$	12,590,000	$	167,527,000		$	181,583,000

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

28

GENCOR INDUSTRIES, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

For the Years Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

	2023			2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss)	$	14,666,000		$	(372,000	)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to cash flows provided by (used in) operating activities:
Purchase of marketable securities		(172,341,000	)		(135,551,000	)
Proceeds from sale and maturity of marketable securities		180,285,000			133,966,000
Change in value of marketable securities		(2,896,000	)		7,261,000
Deferred and other income taxes		(274,000	)		(3,287,000	)
Depreciation and amortization		2,834,000			2,823,000
Provision for doubtful accounts		290,000			194,000
Loss on disposal of assets		157,000			—
Changes in assets and liabilities, excluding the initial effects of business combinations:
Accounts receivable		239,000			(568,000	)
Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings		610,000			(215,000	)
Inventories		(15,712,000	)		(13,927,000	)
Prepaid expenses		500,000			(467,000	)
Accounts payable		(982,000	)		1,146,000
Customer deposits		951,000			620,000
Accrued expenses and other		1,869,000			(758,000	)
Total adjustments		(4,470,000	)		(8,763,000	)
Cash flows provided by (used in) operating activities		10,196,000			(9,135,000	)
Cash flows used in investing activities:
Capital expenditures		(2,746,000	)		(4,516,000	)
Cash flows used in investing activities		(2,746,000	)		(4,516,000	)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		7,450,000			(13,651,000	)
Cash and cash equivalents at:
Beginning of year		9,581,000			23,232,000
End of year	$	17,031,000		$	9,581,000
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	352,000		$	—
Operating lease liabilities	$	352,000		$	—

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

29

GENCOR INDUSTRIES, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

For the Years Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

NOTE 1 – NATURE OF OPERATIONS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Gencor Industries, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”) is a diversified, heavy machinery manufacturer for the production of highway construction materials and environmental control machinery and equipment. The Company’s core products include asphalt plants, combustion systems, fluid heat transfer systems and asphalt pavers. The Company’s products are manufactured at three facilities in the United States.

These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Gencor Industries, Inc. and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Accounting Pronouncements and Policies

There are no accounting pronouncements recently issued or newly effective that had, or are expected to have, a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Earnings (Loss) per Share

The consolidated financial statements include basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share (“EPS”) information. Basic EPS is based on the weighted-average number of shares outstanding. Diluted EPS is based on the sum of the weighted-average number of shares outstanding plus common stock equivalents. There were no common stock equivalents as of September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022.

The following presents the calculation of the basic and diluted EPS for the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:

	2023						2022
	Net Income		Shares		EPS		Net Loss			Shares		EPS
Basic EPS	$	14,666,000		14,658,000	$	1.00	$	(372,000	)		14,658,000	$	(0.03	)
Common stock equivalents				—							—
Diluted EPS	$	14,666,000		14,658,000	$	1.00	$	(372,000	)		14,658,000	$	(0.03	)

Cash Equivalents

Cash equivalents consist of short-term certificates of deposit and deposits in money market accounts with original maturities of three months or less.

Marketable Securities and Fair Value Measurements

Marketable debt and equity securities are categorized as trading securities and are thus marked to market and stated at fair value. Fair value is determined using the quoted closing or latest bid prices for Level 1 investments and market standard valuation methodologies for Level 2 investments. Realized gains and losses on investment transactions are determined by specific identification and are recognized as incurred in the consolidated statements of operations. Net changes in unrealized gains and losses are reported in the consolidated statements of operations in the current period.

30

Fair Value Measurements

The fair value of financial instruments is presented based upon a hierarchy of levels that prioritizes the inputs of valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The fair value of marketable equity securities (stocks), mutual funds, exchange-traded funds, government securities, and cash and money funds, are substantially based on quoted market prices (Level 1). Corporate bonds are valued using market standard valuation methodologies, including: discounted cash flow methodologies, and matrix pricing or other similar techniques. The inputs to these market standard valuation methodologies include, but are not limited to: interest rates, credit standing of the issuer or counterparty, industry sector of the issuer, coupon rate, call provisions, maturity, estimated duration and assumptions regarding liquidity and estimated future cash flows. In addition to bond characteristics, the valuation methodologies incorporate market data, such as actual trades completed, bids and actual dealer quotes, where such information is available. Accordingly, the estimated fair values are based on available market information and judgments about financial instruments (Level 2). Fair values of the Level 2 investments are provided by the Company’s professional investment management firms. From time to time the Company may transfer cash between its marketable securities portfolio and operating cash and cash equivalents.

The following table sets forth by level, within the fair value hierarchy, the Company’s assets measured at fair value as of September 30, 2023:

	Fair Value Measurements
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Exchange-Traded Funds	$	3,327,000	$	—	$	—	$	3,327,000
Corporate Bonds		—		33,160,000		—		33,160,000
Government Securities		47,672,000		—		—		47,672,000
Cash and Money Funds		93,000		—		—		93,000
Total	$	51,092,000	$	33,160,000	$	—	$	84,252,000

Net unrealized gains reported during fiscal 2023 on trading securities still held as of September 30, 2023, were $4,316,000. There were no transfers of investments between Level 1 and Level 2 during the year ended September 30, 2023. $10,000,000 was transferred from the investment portfolio to cash to fund operating needs of the business during fiscal 2023.

The following table sets forth by level, within the fair value hierarchy, the Company’s assets measured at fair value as of September 30, 2022:

	Fair Value Measurements
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Equities	$	12,149,000	$	—	$	—	$	12,149,000
Mutual Funds		5,337,000		—		—		5,337,000
Exchange-Traded Funds		4,794,000		—		—		4,794,000
Corporate Bonds		—		37,339,000		—		37,339,000
Government Securities		29,327,000		—		—		29,327,000
Cash and Money Funds		354,000		—		—		354,000
Total	$	51,961,000	$	37,339,000	$	—	$	89,300,000

Net unrealized losses reported during fiscal 2022 on trading securities still held as of September 30, 2022, were $(6,864,000). There were no transfers of investments between Level 1 and Level 2 during the year ended September 30, 2022.

31

The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, customer deposits and accrued expenses approximate fair value because of the short-term nature of these items.

Foreign Currency Transactions

Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are included in income and were not significant during the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

Risk Management

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, and accounts receivable. The Company maintains its cash accounts in various domestic financial institutions which may from time to time exceed federally insured limits. Operating cash is retained in overnight sweep accounts which allow for offsets to treasury service charges. The marketable securities include investments in cash and money funds, mutual funds, exchange traded funds (“ETF’s”), corporate bonds, government securities and equities through professional investment management firms. Investment securities are exposed to various risks, such as interest rate, market and credit risks.

The Company’s customers are not concentrated in any specific geographic region, but are concentrated in the road and highway construction industry. The Company extends limited credit on parts sales to its customers based upon their credit-worthiness. Generally, the Company requires a significant up-front deposit before beginning manufacturing on complete asphalt plant and component orders, and requires full payment subject to hold-back provisions prior to shipment. The Company establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts based upon the credit risk of specific customers, historical trends and other pertinent information.

Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost being determined under the FIFO method and net realizable value defined as the estimated selling price of goods less reasonable costs of completion and delivery. Appropriate consideration is given to obsolescence, excessive levels, deterioration, possible alternative uses and other factors in determining net realizable value. The cost of work in process and finished goods includes materials, direct labor, variable costs and overhead. The Company evaluates the need to record inventory adjustments on all inventories, including raw material, work in process, finished goods, spare parts and used equipment. Used equipment acquired by the Company on trade-in from customers is carried at estimated net realizable value. Unless specific circumstances warrant different treatment regarding inventory obsolescence, an allowance is established to reduce the cost basis of inventories three to four years old by 50%, the cost basis of inventories four to five years old by 75%, and the cost basis of inventories greater than five years old to zero. Inventory is typically reviewed for obsolescence on an annual basis computed as of September 30, the Company’s fiscal year end. If significant known changes in trends, technology or other specific circumstances that warrant consideration occur during the year, then the impact on obsolescence is considered at that time.

Changes in the allowance for slow-moving and obsolete inventories are as follows:

	2023			2022
Balance, beginning of year	$	8,192,000		$	5,397,000
Charged to cost of sales		2,147,000			2,966,000
Disposal of inventory, net of recoveries		(526,000	)		(171,000	)
Balance, end of year	$	9,813,000		$	8,192,000

32

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost (see Note 4). Depreciation of property and equipment is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets, as follows:

	Years
Land improvements		15
Buildings & improvements		6-40
Equipment		2-10

Impairments

Property and equipment, and intangible assets subject to amortization, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset (or asset group) may not be recoverable. An impairment loss would be recognized when the carrying amount of an asset exceeds the estimated undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. The amount of the impairment loss to be recorded is calculated by the excess of the asset’s carrying value over its fair value. Fair value is generally determined using a discounted cash flow analysis. No such impairment losses were recorded during the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

Revenues and Expenses

The Company accounts for revenues and related expenses under the provisions of ASU No. 2014-09.

The following table disaggregates the Company’s net revenue by major source for the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:

	2023		2022
Equipment sales recognized over time	$	34,150,000	$	37,572,000
Equipment sales recognized at a point in time		40,138,000		36,898,000
Parts and component sales		25,298,000		23,856,000
Freight revenue		4,664,000		4,709,000
Other		825,000		444,000
Net revenue	$	105,075,000	$	103,479,000

Revenues from contracts with customers for the design, manufacture and sale of custom equipment are recognized over time when the performance obligation is satisfied by transferring control of the equipment. Control of the equipment transfers over time, as the equipment is unique to the specific contract and thus does not create an asset with an alternative use to the Company. Revenues and costs are recognized in proportion to actual labor costs incurred, as compared with total estimated labor costs expected to be incurred, during the entire contract. All incremental costs related to obtaining a contract are expensed as incurred, as the amortization period is less than one year. Changes to total estimated contract costs or losses, if any, are recognized in the period in which they are determined.

Contract assets (excluding accounts receivable) under contracts with customers represent revenue recognized in excess of amounts billed on equipment sales recognized over time. These contract assets were $1,508,000 and $2,118,000 at September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and are included in current assets as costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Company anticipates that all of the contract assets at September 30, 2023, will be billed and collected within one year.

Revenues from all other contracts for the design and manufacture of equipment, for service and for parts sales, net of any discounts and return allowances, are recorded at a point in time when control of the goods or services has been transferred. Control of the goods or service typically transfers at time of shipment or upon completion of the service.

33

Payment for equipment under contract with customers is typically due prior to shipment. Payment for services under contract with customers is due as services are completed. Accounts receivable related to contracts with customers for equipment sales were $114,000 and $142,000 at September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022, respectively.

Product warranty costs are estimated using historical experience and known issues and are charged to production costs as revenue is recognized.

Changes in the accrual for warranty and related costs as of September 30, 2023 and 2022 consisted of the following:

	2023			2022
Balance, beginning of year	$	244,000		$	291,000
Warranties issued		523,000			110,000
Warranties settled		(401,000	)		(157,000	)
Balance, end of year	$	366,000		$	244,000

Provisions for estimated returns and allowances, and other adjustments are provided for in the same period the related sales are recorded. Returns and allowances, which reduce product revenue, are estimated using historical experience.

Under certain contracts with customers, recognition of a portion of the consideration received may be deferred and recorded as a contract liability if the Company has to satisfy a future obligation, such as to provide installation assistance. There were no contract liabilities other than customer deposits at September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022. Customer deposits related to contracts with customers were $6,815,000 and $5,864,000 at September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and are included in current liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

The Company records revenues earned for shipping and handling as freight revenue at the time of shipment, regardless of whether or not it is identified as a separate performance obligation. The cost of shipping and handling is classified as production costs concurrently with the revenue recognition.

All product engineering and development costs, and selling, general and administrative expenses are charged to operations as incurred. Provision is made for any anticipated contract losses in the period that the loss becomes evident.

The allowance for doubtful accounts is determined by performing a specific review of all account balances greater than 90 days past due and other higher risk amounts to determine collectability, and also adjusting for any known customer payment issues with account balances in the less-than-90-day past due aging category. Account balances are charged off against the allowance for doubtful accounts when they are determined to be uncollectible. Any recoveries of account balances previously considered in the allowance for doubtful accounts reduce future additions to the allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts also includes an estimate for returns and allowances. Provisions for estimated returns and allowances and other adjustments, are provided for in the same period the related sales are recorded. Returns and allowances, which reduce product revenue, are estimated using known issues and historical experience.

Changes in the allowance for doubtful accounts as of September 30, 2023 and 2022 consisted of the following:

	2023			2022
Balance, beginning of year	$	370,000		$	321,000
Provision for doubtful accounts		290,000			194,000
Provision for estimated returns and allowances		335,000			267,000
Uncollectible accounts written off		(65,000	)		(81,000	)
Returns and allowances issued		(385,000	)		(331,000	)
Balance, end of year	$	545,000		$	370,000

Shipping and Handling Costs

Shipping and handling costs are included in production costs in the consolidated statements of operations.

34

Income Taxes

Income taxes are provided for the tax effects of transactions reported in the consolidated financial statements and primarily consist of taxes currently due, plus deferred taxes (see Note 6 – Income Taxes).

The Company recognizes deferred tax liabilities and assets for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the consolidated financial statements or tax returns using current tax rates. The Company and its domestic subsidiaries file a consolidated federal income tax return.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which the temporary differences are expected to reverse and the credits are expected to be used. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of the change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. All available evidence, both positive and negative, is considered to determine whether, based on the weight of that evidence, the Company is more likely than not to realize the benefit of a deferred tax asset and whether a valuation allowance is needed for some portion or all of a deferred tax asset. No such valuation allowances were recorded as of September 30, 2023 and 2022.

The Company’s income tax provision is based on management’s estimate of the effective tax rate for the full year. The tax provision in any period will be affected by, among other things, permanent, as well as temporary differences in the deductibility of certain items, in addition to changes in tax legislation. As a result, the Company may experience significant fluctuations in the effective book tax rate (that is, its tax expense divided by pre-tax book income) from period to period. The Company’s effective tax rates for fiscal 2023 and 2022 reflect the impact of the reduced rates under the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Reform Act”) which was signed into law on December 22, 2017.

Comprehensive Income

For the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, other comprehensive income is equal to net income.

Reporting Segments and Geographic Areas

The Company has one reporting segment, equipment for the highway construction industry. Based on evaluation of the criteria of ASC 280 – Segment Reporting, including the nature of products and services, the nature of the production processes, the type of customers and the methods used to distribute products and services, the Company determined that its operating segments meet the requirements for aggregation. The Company designs, manufactures and sells asphalt plants and pavers, combustion systems and fluid heat transfer systems, for the highway construction industry and environmental and petrochemical markets. The Company’s products are manufactured at three facilities in the United States. The Company also services and sells spare parts for its equipment.

For fiscal 2023 and 2022, total revenues of $105,075,000 and $103,479,000, and total long-term assets of $16,794,000 and $16,834,000, respectively, were attributed to the United States. Revenues are attributed to geographic areas based on the location of the assets producing the revenues.

Customers with 10% (or greater) of Net Revenues

During the year ended September 30, 2023, one customer accounted for 14.8% of net revenue. No customer accounted for 10% or more of net revenue for the year ended September 30, 2022.

Subsequent Events

Management has evaluated events occurring from September 30, 2023 through the date these consolidated financial statements were filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission for proper recording and disclosure herein.

35

NOTE 2 – INVENTORIES

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value.

Net inventories as of September 30, 2023 and 2022 consisted of the following:

	September 30,
	2023		2022
Raw materials	$	35,918,000	$	31,975,000
Work in process		22,923,000		13,903,000
Finished goods		12,686,000		9,937,000
Inventories, net	$	71,527,000	$	55,815,000

Slow-moving and obsolete inventory reserves were $9,813,000 and $8,192,000 at September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

NOTE 3 – COSTS AND ESTIMATED EARNINGS IN EXCESS OF BILLINGS

Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts as of September 30, 2023 and 2022 consisted of the following:

	September 30,
	2023		2022
Costs incurred on uncompleted contracts	$	18,468,000	$	12,660,000
Estimated earnings		7,939,000		4,780,000
		26,407,000		17,440,000
Billings to date		24,899,000		15,322,000
Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings	$	1,508,000	$	2,118,000

NOTE 4 – PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

Property and equipment as of September 30, 2023 and 2022 consisted of the following:

	September 30,
	2023			2022
Land and improvements	$	3,425,000		$	3,329,000
Buildings and improvements		14,882,000			13,578,000
Equipment		27,249,000			26,521,000
		45,556,000			43,428,000
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(32,310,000	)		(29,937,000	)
Property and equipment, net	$	13,246,000		$	13,491,000

Property and equipment includes approximately $22,693,000 and $20,467,000 of fully depreciated assets, which remained in service during fiscal 2023 and 2022, respectively. Also, included in property and equipment as of September 30, 2023 and 2022 is approximately $1,295,000 and $1,702,000, respectively, of assets not yet placed in operation and, therefore, not subject to depreciation during the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

36

NOTE 5 – ACCRUED EXPENSES

Accrued expenses as of September 30, 2023 and 2022 consisted of the following:

	September 30,
	2023		2022
Payroll and related accruals	$	1,315,000	$	1,083,000
Warranty and related accruals		366,000		244,000
Property tax accruals		235,000		233,000
Income taxes payable		1,379,000		—
Professional fees		169,000		243,000
Other		289,000		82,000
Accrued expenses	$	3,753,000	$	1,885,000

NOTE 6 – INCOME TAXES

The provision for income tax expense (benefit) consisted of the following:

	Year Ended September 30,
	2023			2022
Current:
Federal	$	4,151,000		$	1,680,000
State		279,000			317,000
Total current		4,430,000			1,997,000
Deferred:
Federal		(328,000	)		(2,701,000	)
State		8,000			(617,000	)
Total deferred		(320,000	)		(3,318,000	)
Income tax expense (benefit)	$	4,110,000		$	(1,321,000	)

A reconciliation of the federal statutory tax rate to the total tax provision (benefit) is as follows:

	Year Ended September 30,
	2023			2022
Federal income taxes computed at the statutory rate		21.0	%		(21.0	%)
State income taxes, net of federal benefit		1.4	%		(11.8	%)
Research & development tax refunds & credits		—			(28.8	%)
Dividend received deduction		(0.3	%)		(6.4	%)
Other, net		(0.2	%)		(10.0	%)
Effective income tax rate		21.9	%		(78.0	%)

37

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities as of September 30, 2023 and 2022 consisted of the following:

	September 30,
	2023			2022
Deferred Tax Assets:
Accrued liabilities and reserves	$	352,000		$	155,000
Allowance for doubtful accounts		123,000			83,000
Inventory		3,901,000			3,166,000
Unrealized loss on investments		554,000			1,272,000
Net operating losses carryforwards		331,000			352,000
Gross Deferred Income Tax Assets		5,261,000			5,028,000
Deferred and Other Tax Liabilities:
Domestic international sales corporation		—			(136,000	)
Property and equipment		(1,918,000	)		(1,868,000	)
Unrecognized tax benefits		(176,000	)		(131,000	)
Gross Deferred and Other Income Tax Liabilities		(2,094,000	)		(2,135,000	)
Net Deferred and Other Income Tax Assets	$	3,167,000		$	2,893,000

Total income taxes paid in fiscal 2023 and 2022 were $2,300,000 and $2,839,000, respectively.

GAAP prescribes a comprehensive model for the financial recognition, measurement, classification, and disclosure of uncertain tax positions. GAAP contains a two-step approach to recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, based on the technical merits of the position. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement.

Significant judgment is required in evaluating the Company’s uncertain tax position and determining the Company’s provision for taxes. Although the Company believes the reserves of unrecognized tax benefits (“UTB’s”) are reasonable, no assurance can be given that the final outcome of these matters will not be different from that which is reflected in the Company’s historical income tax provision and accruals. The Company adjusts these reserves in light of changing facts and circumstances. As of September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company had UTB’s of $176,000 and $131,000. The Company accrued $45,000 and $131,000 of UTB’s in the years ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022, respectively. UTB’s of $150,000 at September 30, 2021 were used in the year ended September 30, 2022.

The Company recognizes interest and penalties accrued related to UTB’s as a component of income tax expense. There were no additional accruals of interest expense nor penalties of significance during fiscal years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. It is reasonably possible that the amount of the UTB’s with respect to certain unrecognized tax positions will increase or decrease during the next 12 months. The Company does not expect the change to have a material effect on its results of operations or its financial position. The only expected potential reason for change would be the ultimate results stemming from any examinations by taxing authorities. If recognized, the entire amount of UTB’s would have an impact on the Company’s effective income tax rate.

The effective income tax rate for fiscal 2023 was 21.9% versus (78.0%) in fiscal 2022.

In fiscal 2022, the Company generated $475,000 of federal research and development tax credits (“R&D Credits”), all of which were used in fiscal 2022. There were no R&D Credits generated in fiscal 2023 and there were no carryforwards of R&D Credits as of September 30, 2023 or September 30, 2022.

38

The Company files U.S. federal income tax returns, as well as Florida, Iowa and Pennsylvania income tax returns. The Company’s U.S. federal income tax returns filed for tax years prior to fiscal year ended September 30, 2020 are generally no longer subject to examination by taxing authorities due to the expiration of the statute of limitations.

NOTE 7 – RETIREMENT BENEFITS

The Company has a voluntary 401(k) employee benefit plan, which covers all eligible, domestic employees. The Company makes discretionary matching contributions subject to a maximum level, in accordance with the terms of the plan. The Company charged approximately $343,000 and $425,000 to expense under the provisions of the plan during the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

NOTE 8 – LONG-TERM DEBT AND ARRANGEMENTS WITH FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS

The Company had no long-term debt outstanding at September 30, 2023 or 2022. The Company does not currently require a credit facility.

In April 2020, a financial institution issued an irrevocable standby letter of credit (“letter of credit”) on behalf of the Company for the benefit of one of the Company’s insurance carriers. The maximum amount that can be drawn by the beneficiary under the letter of credit is $150,000. The letter of credit expires in April 2024, unless terminated earlier, and can be extended, as provided by the agreement. The Company intends to renew the letter of credit for as long as the Company does business with the beneficiary insurance carrier. The letter is collateralized by restricted cash of the same amount on any outstanding drawings. To date, no amounts have been drawn under the letter of credit.

NOTE 9 – LEASES

The Company leases certain equipment under non-cancelable operating leases. Future minimum rental payments under these leases at September 30, 2023 are immaterial. Total rental expense for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $47,000 and $57,000, respectively.

On August 28, 2020, the Company entered into a three-year operating lease for property related to the manufacturing and warehousing of the Blaw-Knox assets. The lease term was for the period beginning on September 1, 2020 through August 31, 2023. In accordance with ASU 2016-02, the Company recorded a ROU asset totaling $970,000 and related lease liabilities at inception. In March 2023, the Company extended the lease term through August 31, 2024. In accordance with ASU 2016-02, the Company recorded a ROU asset totaling $352,000 and related lease liabilities upon extension.

On October 9, 2020, the Company entered into an operating lease for additional warehousing space. The original lease term was for one year beginning November 2020 with automatic one-year renewals. In accordance with ASU 2016-02, the Company recorded a ROU asset totaling $254,000 and related lease liabilities at inception. An additional $39,000 was recorded as a ROU asset and related lease liability in October 2021 to reflect the impact of the lease renewal. In March 2022, the ROU asset and related liability was reduced by $39,000 to reflect the impact of a reduction in the square footage being leased.

For the year ended September 30, 2023, operating lease costs were $429,000 and cash payments related to these operating leases were $458,000. For the year ended September 30, 2022, operating lease costs were $425,000 and cash payments related to these operating leases were $396,000.

Other information concerning the Company’s operating lease accounted for under ASC 842 guidelines as of September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022, is as follows:

	September 30, 2023			September 30, 2022
Operating lease ROU asset included in other long-term assets	$	328,000		$	396,000
Current operating lease liability		328,000			390,000
Non-current operating lease liability		—			6,000
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)		0.51			1.00
Weighted average discount rate used in calculating ROU asset		4.5	%		4.0	%

39

Future annual minimum lease payments as of September 30, 2023 are as follows:

Fiscal Year	Annual Lease Payments
2024	$	336,000
Less interest		(8,000	)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	328,000

NOTE 10 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Litigation

The Company is involved in legal proceedings arising out of the normal course of business, none of which we believe will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. Claims made in the ordinary course of business may be covered in whole or in part by insurance.

NOTE 11 – SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

Shareholders’ Equity

Under the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, certain rights of the holders of the Company’s common stock are modified by shares of Class B stock for as long as such shares shall remain outstanding. During that period, holders of common stock will have the right to elect approximately 25% of the Company’s Board of Directors, and conversely, holders of Class B stock will be entitled to elect approximately 75% of the Company’s Board of Directors. During the period when shares of common stock and Class B stock are outstanding, certain matters submitted to a vote of shareholders will also require approval of the holders of common stock and Class B stock, each voting separately as a class. Common stock and Class B shareholders have equal rights with respect to dividends, preferences, and rights, including rights in liquidation.

Stock-Based Compensation

On March 17, 2009, the shareholders of the Company approved the 2009 Incentive Compensation Plan (the “2009 Plan”). The 2009 Plan expired on October 1, 2021, and 30,000 remaining outstanding options were cancelled on November 1, 2021. There were no other equity compensation plans and arrangements previously approved by security holders as of September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022.

40

ITEM 9 CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None

ITEM 9A CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company’s President (who is currently serving as the Company’s Principal Executive Officer) and Chief Financial Officer evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s “disclosure controls and procedures” (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report. Based upon that evaluation, the President and the Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

Because of inherent limitations, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, and not absolute, assurance that the objectives of such disclosure controls and procedures are met and no evaluation can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company has been detected.

As of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report, the Company conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Company’s President and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(b). Based on this evaluation, the Company’s President and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2023.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

The management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) for the Company. The Company’s internal control system is designed to provide reasonable assurance to the Company’s management and Board of Directors regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. There are inherent limitations in the effectiveness of all internal control systems no matter how well designed. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to the preparation and presentation of financial statements. Furthermore, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of a change in circumstances or conditions.

In order to ensure that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting is effective, management regularly assesses such controls and did so most recently as of September 30, 2023. This assessment was based on criteria for effective internal control over financial reporting described in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment, management believes the Company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2023.

Attestation Report of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2023 has been audited by MSL, P.A., an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which appears in Item 8 under the heading “Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.”

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

The Company’s management, including the President and Chief Financial Officer, has reviewed the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the year ended September 30, 2023 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

41

ITEM 9B OTHER INFORMATION

None

ITEM 9C DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS

Not applicable

PART III

ITEM 10 DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

The information required by this Item 10 is incorporated herein by reference to the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

ITEM 11 EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The information required by this Item 11 is incorporated herein by reference to the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

ITEM 12 SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

The information required by this Item 12 is incorporated herein by reference to the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

ITEM 13 CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

The information required by this Item 13 is incorporated herein by reference to the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

ITEM 14 PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES

The information required by this Item 14 is incorporated herein by reference to the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

42

PART IV

ITEM 15 EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

(a) A listing of financial statements and financial statement schedules filed as part of this Annual Report and which financial statements and schedules are incorporated into this report by reference, is set forth in the “Index to Financial Statements and Financial Statement Schedules” in Item 8 hereof.

(b) Exhibit Index

EXHIBIT NUMBER	DESCRIPTION	FILED HEREWITH
3.1	Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Company, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Registration No. 33-627(P)
3.2	Amended and Restated By-Laws of Gencor Industries, Inc., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2007
3.3	Certificate of Amendment, changing name of Mechtron International Corporation to Gencor Industries, Inc. and adding a “twelfth” article regarding director liability limitation, incorporated by reference to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1987(P)
4.1	Form of Common Stock certificate, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Registration No. 33-627(P)
4.2	Description of Registrant’s Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Amended	X
10.1	The Company’s 2009 Incentive Compensation Plan, as incorporated by reference to the Company’s 2009 Proxy Statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on Schedule 14A on January 28, 2009
10.2	Form of Agreement for Nonqualified Stock Options granted in 1986, incorporated by reference to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1986(P)
10.3	1997 Stock Option Plan incorporated by reference to Exhibit A to the Company’s Proxy Statement on 14A, filed March 3, 1997
10.4	First Amendment to the Stock Option Plan Agreement incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2005
21.1	Subsidiaries of the Registrant	X
23.1	Consent of Independent Registered Public Accountants	X
31.1	Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a – 14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended	X
31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a – 14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended	X
32.1	Certifications of Principal Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U. S. C. Section 1350	X
97.1	Clawback Policy	X

43

EXHIBIT NUMBER	DESCRIPTION	FILED HEREWITH
101	Interactive Data File
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document	X
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema	X
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase	X
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase	X
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase	X
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase	X
104	The cover page from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2023, formatted in Inline XBRL (included in Exhibit 101)	X

ITEM 16 FORM 10-K SUMMARY

None

44

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Sections 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Annual Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Dated: December 13, 2023	GENCOR INDUSTRIES, INC. (Registrant)
		/s/ Marc G. Elliott
		Marc G. Elliott
		President & Director

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Annual Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. The signatures of Directors constitute a majority of Directors.

/s/ E.J. Elliott		/s/ Marc G. Elliott
E.J. Elliott	December 13, 2023	Marc G. Elliott	December 13, 2023
Chairman		President & Director
		(Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ Eric E. Mellen
Eric E. Mellen	December 13, 2023
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
/s/ General John G. Coburn		/s/ Walter A. Ketcham
Gen. John G. Coburn	December 13, 2023	Walter A. Ketcham	December 13, 2023
Director		Director
/s/ Thomas A. Vecchiolla
Thomas A. Vecchiolla	December 13, 2023
Director

45