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INCOME TAXES (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Provision for Income Taxes
The income tax (benefit) provision consisted of the following:
 202220212020
Current:
Federal$13,481 $(3,741)$(12,354)
State4,676 3,579 (1,030)
Foreign10,414 2,379 11,306 
 28,571 2,217 (2,078)
Deferred:
Federal(24,239)5,829 4,710 
State(3,895)169 2,880 
Foreign(4,828)(1,840)(24,197)
(32,962)4,158 (16,607)
Total$(4,391)$6,375 $(18,685)
Reconciliation of Federal Statutory Tax Rate to Consolidated Effective Tax Rate
The reconciliation of the federal statutory tax rate to the consolidated effective tax rate was as follows:
 202220212020
Federal statutory tax rate21.0 %21.0 %21.0 %
Effect of state income taxes, net of federal deduction0.2 %37.5 %(1.9)%
Foreign statutory taxes compared to federal statutory rate1.6 %(18.6)%3.4 %
Share-based compensation(1.1)%24.5 %(1.4)%
Termination of SERP— %28.6 %— %
Tax credits1.2 %(26.6)%1.8 %
Sale of SERP-related investments— %23.8 %— %
Goodwill write-down(11.2)%— %(9.4)%
Tax rate differential on net operating loss carryback— %(21.4)%4.2 %
Other *
(7.5)%0.2 %(0.1)%
Effective tax rate4.2 %69.0 %17.6 %
* In Fiscal 2022, "Other" primarily consists of foreign net operating losses that had a full valuation allowance.
Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
The components of deferred tax assets and liabilities at September 30, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:
 20222021
Deferred tax assets:
Pension and postretirement benefits$9,051 $11,832 
Accruals and reserves not currently deductible10,909 8,753 
Income tax credit carryforward5,796 5,206 
Operating and capital loss carryforwards54,875 51,438 
Stock options7,103 4,944 
Other50 1,320 
Total deferred tax assets87,784 83,493 
Valuation allowances(27,552)(28,619)
Net deferred tax assets60,232 54,874 
Deferred tax liabilities:  
Depreciation(27,317)(23,224)
Unrealized gains and losses(2,793)(886)
Goodwill and intangible assets(98,715)(113,476)
Other(20,386)(11,215)
Total deferred tax liabilities(149,211)(148,801)
Net deferred tax liability$(88,979)$(93,927)
Changes in Gross Unrecognized Tax Benefits
Changes in the total amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits (excluding penalties and interest) are as follows:
 202220212020
Balance, beginning of year$2,807 $10,483 $15,526 
Increases for tax positions of prior years1,393 — 500 
Decreases for tax positions of prior years(200)(288)(2,727)
Increases based on tax positions related to the current year551 628 939 
Decreases due to lapse of statute of limitation(428)(8,016)(3,755)
Balance, end of year$4,123 $2,807 $10,483 
Summary of Income Tax Contingencies
As of September 30, 2022, the tax years that remain subject to examination by major jurisdiction generally are:
United States - Federal2019 and forward
United States - State2018 and forward
Canada2018 and forward
Germany2019 and forward
United Kingdom2021 and forward
Australia2017 and forward
Singapore2018 and forward