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INCOME TAXES (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Provision for Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes consisted of the following:
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Current:
 
 
 
 
 
Federal
$
1,542

 
$
18,733

 
$
655

State
628

 
1,829

 
1,466

Foreign
10,459

 
12,482

 
10,599

 
12,629

 
33,044

 
12,720

Deferred:
 
 
 
 
 
Federal
11,887

 
(3,066
)
 
13,279

State
905

 
(2,412
)
 
645

Foreign
(3,067
)
 
1,507

 
(280
)
 
9,725

 
(3,971
)
 
13,644

Total
$
22,354

 
$
29,073

 
$
26,364
Reconciliation of Federal Statutory Tax Rate to Consolidated Effective Tax Rate
The reconciliation of the federal statutory tax rate to the consolidated effective tax rate was as follows:
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Federal statutory tax rate
35.0
 %
 
35.0
 %
 
35.0
 %
Effect of state income taxes, net of federal deduction
1.4
 %
 
(0.6
)%
 
1.8
 %
Foreign taxes less than federal statutory rate
(7.2
)%
 
(3.5
)%
 
(3.2
)%
Share-based compensation
(1.2
)%
 
—
 %
 
—
 %
Other
(4.8
)%
 
(0.4
)%
 
(4.2
)%
Effective tax rate
23.2
 %
 
30.5
 %
 
29.4
 %
Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
The components of deferred tax assets and liabilities at September 30, 2017 and 2016 are as follows:
 
2017
 
2016
Deferred tax assets:
 
 
 
Pension and postretirement benefits
$
45,654

 
$
46,282

Accruals and reserves not currently deductible
20,579

 
26,214

Income tax credit carryforward
3,313

 
10,080

Operating and capital loss carryforwards
23,610

 
25,258

Stock options
8,614

 
6,544

Other
2,782

 
5,246

Total deferred tax assets
104,552

 
119,624

Valuation allowances
(20,866
)
 
(22,412
)
Net deferred tax assets
83,686

 
97,212

 
 
 
 
Deferred tax liabilities:
 

 
 

Depreciation
(4,763
)
 
(5,207
)
Unrealized gains and losses
(10,446
)
 
(5,640
)
Goodwill and intangible assets
(203,957
)
 
(190,541
)
Other
(1,494
)
 
(2,087
)
 
(220,660
)
 
(203,475
)
 
 
 
 
Net deferred tax liability
$
(136,974
)
 
$
(106,263
)
Changes in Gross Unrecognized Tax Benefits
Changes in the total amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits (excluding penalties and interest) are as follows:

 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Balance, beginning of year
$
13,820

 
$
4,086

 
$
4,311

Increase from acquisition
—

 
—

 
—

Increases for tax positions of prior years
839

 
5,762

 
475

Decreases for tax positions of prior years
(5,890
)
 
(166
)
 
(155
)
Increases based on tax positions related to the current year
378

 
5,456

 
635

Decreases due to settlements with taxing authorities
—

 
—

 
(27
)
Decreases due to lapse of statute of limitation
(1,179
)
 
(1,318
)
 
(1,153
)
Balance, end of year
$
7,968

 
$
13,820

 
$
4,086
Summary of Income Tax Contingencies
As of September 30, 2017, the tax years that remain subject to examination by major jurisdiction generally are:
United States - Federal
2013 and forward
United States - State
2013 and forward
Canada
2013 and forward
Germany
2009 and forward
United Kingdom
2015 and forward
Australia
2013 and forward
Singapore
2012 and forward