DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES

We are exposed to global market risk as part of our normal, daily business activities. To manage these risks, we enter into various derivative contracts. These contracts may include interest rate swap agreements, foreign currency contracts and metals contracts. We review our hedging program, derivative positions and overall risk management on a regular basis.

Interest Rate Swap Agreements. In 2012, in connection with the issuance of $400 million of debt, we terminated the interest rate swap hedge relationships that we had entered into in 2011. These interest rate swaps were designated as cash flow hedges and effectively fixed interest rates on the forecasted debt issuance to variable rates based on 3-month LIBOR. Upon termination, the ineffective portion of the cash flow hedges of an approximate $2 million loss was recognized in our consolidated statement of operations in other, net, within other income (expense), net. The remaining loss of approximately $23 million from the termination of these swaps is being amortized as an increase to interest expense over the remaining term of the debt, through March 2022. At December 31, 2018, the remaining pre-tax balance in accumulated other comprehensive loss was $6 million.

Foreign Currency Contracts. Our net cash inflows and outflows exposed to the risk of changes in foreign currency exchange rates arise from the sale of products in countries other than the manufacturing source, foreign currency denominated supplier payments, debt and other payables, and investments in subsidiaries. To mitigate this risk, we, including certain European operations, enter into foreign currency forward contracts and foreign currency exchange contracts.

Gains (losses) related to foreign currency forward and exchange contracts are recorded in our consolidated statements of operations in other income (expense), net. In the event that the counterparties fail to meet the terms of the foreign currency forward or exchange contracts, our exposure is limited to the aggregate foreign currency rate differential with such institutions.

Metals Contracts. Occasionally, we have entered into contracts to manage our exposure to increases in the price of copper and zinc. Gains (losses) related to these contracts are recorded in our consolidated statements of operations in cost of sales.

The pre-tax (losses) gains included in our consolidated statements of operations are as follows, in millions:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2018			2017			2016
Foreign currency contracts:
Exchange contracts	$	1		$	(1	)	$	—
Forward contracts	—			1			—
Metals contracts	—			—			5
Interest rate swaps	(2		)	(4		)	(2		)
Total	$	(1	)	$	(4	)	$	3

F. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES (Concluded)

We present our derivatives net by counterparty in the consolidated balance sheets, due to the right of offset under master netting arrangements. The notional amounts being hedged and the fair value of those derivative instruments are as follows, in millions:



	At December 31, 2018
	Notional Amount		Balance Sheet
Foreign currency contracts:
Forward contracts	$	74
Receivables			$	—
Accrued liabilities			—
Other liabilities			—



	At December 31, 2017
	Notional Amount		Balance Sheet
Foreign currency contracts:
Exchange contracts	$	14
Accrued liabilities			$	—
Forward contracts	43
Receivables			—
Accrued liabilities			—

The fair value of all foreign currency and metals derivative contracts is estimated on a recurring basis, quarterly, using Level 2 inputs (significant other observable inputs).