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Revenue
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2023
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Revenue Revenue
The core principle of the revenue recognition guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.
To achieve this principle, the entity applies the following steps: identify the contract(s) with the customer, identify the performance obligations in the contract(s), determine the transaction price, allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. In accordance with the accounting guidance, a performance obligation is satisfied either at a "point in time" or "over time", depending on the nature of the product or service provided, and the specific terms of the contract with customers.
Other revenue included in the consolidated statements of income that is not from contracts with customers is less than 2% of total revenue and is not presented as a separate line item.
The Company's revenue policies are provided in more detail in Note 2, Revenue, in the Form 2022 10-K.
The following table disaggregates components of the Company's revenue:
Three Months Ended
 September 30,		Nine Months Ended
 September 30,
(In millions)2023202220232022
Marsh:
EMEA (a) (b)
$692 $615 $2,482 $2,264 
Asia Pacific (a)
311 286 980 927 
Latin America134 118 386 340 
Total International1,137 1,019 3,848 3,531 
U.S./Canada1,563 1,451 4,634 4,263 
Total Marsh2,700 2,470 8,482 7,794 
Guy Carpenter359 328 2,006 1,849 
 Subtotal3,059 2,798 10,488 9,643 
Fiduciary interest income131 40 330 57 
Total Risk and Insurance Services$3,190 $2,838 $10,818 $9,700 
Mercer:
Wealth (c)
$635 $561 $1,853 $1,775 
Health (d)
496 451 1,559 1,562 
Career294 272 731 679 
Total Mercer1,425 1,284 4,143 4,016 
Oliver Wyman Group (b)
781 667 2,266 2,029 
Total Consulting$2,206 $1,951 $6,409 $6,045 
(a) In the first quarter of 2023, the Company began reporting the Marsh India operations in EMEA. Prior year results for India have been reclassified from Asia Pacific to EMEA for comparative purposes.
(b) Revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, includes the loss on deconsolidation of the Company's Russian businesses at Marsh and Oliver Wyman Group of $27 million and $12 million, respectively.
(c) Revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, includes the loss on sale of an individual financial advisory business in Canada of $17 million.
(d) Revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, includes a gain from the sale of the Mercer U.S. affinity business of $112 million.
The following table provides contract assets and contract liabilities information from contracts with customers:
(In millions)September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Contract assets$398 $335 
Contract liabilities$876 $837 
The Company records accounts receivable when the right to consideration is unconditional, subject only to the passage of time. Contract assets primarily relate to quota share reinsurance brokerage and contingent insurer revenue. The Company does not have the right to bill and collect revenue for quota share brokerage until the underlying policies written by the ceding insurer attach to the treaty. Estimated revenue related to the achievement of volume or loss ratio metrics cannot be billed or collected until all related policy placements are completed and the contingency is resolved.
Contract assets are included in other current assets in the Company's consolidated balance sheets. Contract liabilities primarily relate to the advance consideration received from customers. Contract liabilities are included in current liabilities in the Company's consolidated balance sheets. Revenue recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 that was included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of each of those periods was $187 million and $698 million, respectively, compared to revenue recognized of $75 million and $529 million, respectively, for the corresponding periods in the prior year.
The amount of revenue recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 from performance obligations satisfied in previous periods, mainly due to variable consideration from contracts with insurers, quota share business and consulting contracts previously considered constrained was $20 million and $64 million, respectively, and $13 million and $74 million, respectively, for the corresponding periods in the prior year.
The Company applies the practical expedient and does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (1) contracts with original contract terms of one year or less and (2) contracts where the Company has the right to invoice for services performed. The revenue expected to be recognized in future periods during the non-cancellable term of existing contracts greater than one year that is related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially satisfied at the end of the reporting period is approximately $221 million, primarily related to Mercer. The Company expects revenue in 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026, and 2027 and beyond of $88 million, $62 million, $37 million, $22 million and $12 million, respectively, related to these performance obligations.