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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes

9.  Income Taxes

For the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company recorded income tax benefits of $13.1 million and $5.3 million, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company recorded an income tax benefit of $9.3 million and income tax expense of $103.1 million, respectively. During the three months ended September 30, 2017, a discrete tax benefit of $13.7 million was recorded, with the primary driver being a resolution on a matter involving the Internal Revenue Service related to tax years 2012 through 2014. The decrease in the Company’s tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 relative to the prior year relates primarily to a non-cash charge in 2016 of $106.4 million for a one-time increase in the valuation allowance associated with the Company’s domestic federal and state deferred tax assets and attributes in connection with the Spin-Off. In addition to the above, the Company’s effective tax rate varies from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 35% due to results of foreign operations that are subject to income taxes at different statutory rates.

The Company will continue to evaluate its valuation allowance requirements on an ongoing basis in light of changing facts and circumstances and may adjust its deferred tax asset valuation allowances accordingly, and it is a reasonable possibility that the Company will either add to or reverse a portion of its existing deferred tax asset valuation allowances in the future. Such changes in the deferred tax asset valuation allowances will be reflected in the current operations through the Company’s income tax provision and could have a material effect on operating results.

The Company’s unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties, were $14.9 million as of September 30, 2017 and $15.8 million as of December 31, 2016. 

The Company regularly assesses the likelihood of an adverse outcome resulting from examinations to determine the adequacy of its tax reserves. As of September 30, 2017, the Company believes that it is more likely than not that the tax positions it has taken will be sustained upon the resolution of its audits, resulting in no material impact on its consolidated financial position and the results of operations and cash flows. However, the final determination with respect to any tax audits and any related litigation could be materially different from the Company’s estimates and/or from its historical income tax provisions and accruals and could have a material effect on operating results and/or cash flows in the periods for which that determination is made. In addition, future period earnings may be adversely impacted by litigation costs, settlements, penalties and/or interest assessments.