2. Discontinued Operations

On March 4, 2016, Manitowoc completed the Spin-Off of MFS. The financial results of MFS are presented as loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The following table presents the financial results of MFS through the date of the Spin-Off for the indicated period and does not include corporate overhead allocations:

Major classes of line items constituting earnings from discontinued operations before income taxes related to MFS

($ in millions)	Three Months Ended September 30, 2016			Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
Net sales	$	—		$	219.6

Cost of sales		—			141.5
Engineering, selling and administrative expenses		—			48.4
Amortization expense		—			5.2
Restructuring expense		—			0.3
Separation expense		—			27.7
Total operating costs and expenses		—			223.1
Loss from operations		—			(3.5	)
Other expense		—			(1.8	)
Loss from discontinued operations before income taxes		—			(5.3	)
Provision for taxes on earnings		1.8			0.5
Loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes	$	(1.8	)	$	(5.8	)

Net losses recorded by the Company related to discontinued operations from various businesses disposed in prior periods were $0.1 million and $0.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively.

Manitowoc and MFS entered into agreements in connection with the Spin-Off, including a transition services agreement (“TSA”), separation and distribution agreement, tax matters agreement, intellectual property matters agreement and an employee matters agreement.

Pursuant to the TSA, Manitowoc, MFS and their respective subsidiaries provided various services to each other on an interim, transitional basis. Services provided by Manitowoc included, among others, finance, information technology and certain other administrative services. The services generally commenced on March 4, 2016, and all have terminated, generally within 12 months of that date. Billings by Manitowoc under the TSA were recorded as a reduction of the costs to provide the respective service in the applicable expense category.

Separation costs recorded by the Company during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, and three months ended September 30, 2016, related to the Spin-Off were negligible. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company recorded $27.7 million of separation costs related to the Spin-Off. Separation costs consisted primarily of professional and consulting fees and were included in the results of discontinued operations.