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Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2013
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation - MGE Energy and MGE.

 

The consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP), which give recognition to the rate making accounting policies for regulated operations prescribed by the regulatory authorities having jurisdiction, principally the PSCW and FERC. MGE's accounting records conform to the FERC uniform system of accounts.

 

On December 20, 2013, MGE Energy's Board of Directors declared a three-for-two stock split of MGE Energy's common stock in the form of a stock dividend. The additional shares were distributed February 7, 2014 to all shareholders of record as of January 24, 2014. All shares and per share data provided in this report give effect to this stock split.

Principles of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation - MGE Energy and MGE.

 

MGE, a wholly owned subsidiary of MGE Energy, is a regulated electric and gas utility headquartered in Madison, Wisconsin. MGE Energy and MGE consolidate all majority owned subsidiaries in which it has controlling influence. MGE is the majority owner of MGE Transco. MGE Transco is a nonregulated entity formed to manage the investment in ATC.

 

Wholly owned subsidiaries of MGE Energy include CWDC, MAGAEL, MGE Construct, MGE Power, NGV Fueling Services, and North Mendota. MGE Power owns 100% of MGE Power Elm Road and MGE Power West Campus. MGE Power and its subsidiaries are part of MGE Energy's nonregulated energy operations, which were formed to own and lease electric generation projects to assist MGE.

 

MGE Energy and MGE consolidate variable interest entities (VIEs) for which it is the primary beneficiary. Variable interest entities are legal entities that possess any of the following characteristics: equity investors who have an insufficient amount of equity at risk to finance their activities, equity owners who do not have the power to direct the significant activities of the entity (or have voting rights that are disproportionate to their ownership interest), or equity holders who do not receive expected losses or returns significant to the VIE. If MGE Energy or MGE is not the primary beneficiary and an ownership interest is held, the VIE is accounted for under the equity method of accounting. When assessing the determination of the primary beneficiary, all relevant facts and circumstances are considered, including: the power, through voting or similar rights, to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance and the obligation to absorb the expected losses and/or the right to receive the expected returns of the VIE. Ongoing reassessments of all VIEs are performed to determine if the primary beneficiary status has changed. MGE has consolidated MGE Power Elm Road and MGE Power West Campus. Both entities are VIEs. MGE is considered the primary beneficiary of these entities as a result of contractual agreements. See Footnote 2 for more discussion of these entities.

 

The consolidated financial statements reflect the application of certain accounting policies described in this note. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates - MGE Energy and MGE.

 

In order to prepare consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP, management must make estimates and assumptions. These estimates could affect reported amounts of assets, liabilities, and disclosures at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from management's estimates.

Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash - MGE Energy and MGE.

 

MGE Energy and MGE consider all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

 

MGE has certain cash accounts that are restricted to uses other than current operations and designated for a specific purpose. MGE's restricted cash accounts include cash held by trustees for certain employee benefits. These are included in other current assets.

Receivable Margin Account

Receivable Margin Account - MGE Energy and MGE.

 

Cash amounts held by counterparties as margin for certain financial transactions are recorded as receivable – margin account. The balance is shown net of any collateral posted against derivative positions.

Changes in this cash account are considered cash flows from operating activities to match with the costs being hedged. The costs being hedged are fuel for electric generation, purchased power, and cost of gas sold.

Trade Receivables, Allowance for Doubtful Accounts, and Concentration Risk

Trade Receivables, Allowance for Doubtful Accounts, and Concentration Risk - MGE Energy and MGE.

 

Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. However, a 1% late payment charge is recorded on all receivables unpaid after the due date. The allowance for doubtful accounts associated with these receivables represents our best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in our existing accounts receivable. We determine our allowance for doubtful accounts based on historical write-off experience, regional economic data, and review of the accounts receivable aging.

 

MGE is obligated to provide service to all electric and gas customers within its franchised territories. MGE's franchised electric territory includes a 316 square-mile area in Dane County, Wisconsin, and MGE's franchised gas territory includes a service area covering 1,649 square-miles in Wisconsin. MGE manages this concentration and the related credit risk through its credit and collection policies, which are consistent with state regulatory requirements.

Inventories

Inventories - MGE Energy and MGE.

 

Inventories consist of natural gas in storage, fossil fuels, materials and supplies, SO2 allowances, and renewable energy credits (RECs). MGE values natural gas in storage, fossil fuels, and materials and supplies using average cost.

 

SO2 emission allowances are included in inventory and are recorded at weighted average cost. These allowances are charged to fuel expense as they are used in operations.

REC allowances are included in inventory and are recorded based on specific identification. These allowances are charged to purchase power expense as they are used in operations.

Regulatory Assets and Liabilities

Regulatory Assets and Liabilities - MGE Energy and MGE.

 

Regulatory assets and regulatory liabilities are recorded consistent with regulatory treatment. Regulatory assets represent costs which are deferred due to the probable future recovery from customers through regulated rates. Regulatory liabilities represent the excess recovery of costs or accrued credits which were deferred because MGE believes it is probable such amounts will be returned to customers through future regulated rates. Regulatory assets and liabilities are amortized in the consolidated statements of income consistent with the recovery or refund included in customer rates. MGE believes that it is probable that its recorded regulatory assets and liabilities will be recovered and refunded, respectively, in future rates. See Footnote 6 for further information.

Debt Issuance Costs

Debt Issuance Costs - MGE Energy and MGE.

 

Premiums, discounts, and expenses incurred with the issuance of outstanding long-term debt are amortized over the life of the debt issue. Any call premiums or unamortized expenses associated with refinancing higher-cost debt obligations used to finance utility-regulated assets and operations are amortized consistent with regulatory treatment of those items.

Property, Plant, and Equipment

Property, Plant, and Equipment - MGE Energy and MGE.

 

Property, plant, and equipment is recorded at original cost. Cost includes indirect costs consisting of payroll taxes, pensions, postretirement benefits, other fringe benefits, and administrative and general costs. Also, included in the cost is AFUDC for utility property and capitalized interest for nonregulated property. Additions for significant replacements of property are charged to property, plant, and equipment at cost; and minor items are charged to maintenance expense. Depreciation rates on utility property are approved by the PSCW, based on the estimated economic lives of property, and include estimates for salvage value and removal costs. Removal costs of utility property, less any salvage value, are adjusted through regulatory liabilities. Depreciation rates on nonregulated property are based on the estimated economic lives of the property.

  2013 2012 2011  
 Electric2.7% 2.9% 3.2%  
 Gas 1.7% 1.7% 1.6%  
 Nonregulated 2.3% 2.3% 2.3%  
Asset Retirement Obligations Policy

Asset Retirement Obligations - MGE Energy and MGE.

 

MGE Energy and MGE are required to record a liability for the fair value of an ARO to be recognized in the period in which it is incurred if it can be reasonably estimated. The offsetting associated asset retirement costs are capitalized as a long-lived asset and depreciated over the asset's useful life. The expected present value technique used to calculate the fair value of ARO liabilities includes assumptions about costs, probabilities, settlement dates, interest accretion, and inflation. Revisions to the assumptions, including the timing or amount of expected asset retirement costs, could result in increases or decreases to the AROs. All asset retirement obligations are recorded as other long-term liabilities on our balance sheets. MGE has regulatory treatment and recognizes regulatory assets or liabilities for the timing differences between when we recover legal AROs in rates and when we would recognize these costs.

Repairs and Maintenance Expense

Repairs and Maintenance Expense - MGE Energy and MGE.

 

MGE utilizes the direct expensing method for planned major maintenance projects. Under this method, MGE expenses all costs associated with major planned maintenance activities as incurred.

Purchased Gas Adjustment Clause

Purchased Gas Adjustment Clause - MGE Energy and MGE.

 

MGE's natural gas rates are subject to a fuel adjustment clause designed to recover or refund the difference between the actual cost of purchased gas and the amount included in rates. Differences between the amounts billed to customers and the actual costs recoverable are deferred and recovered or refunded in future periods by means of prospective monthly adjustments to rates.

These amounts are netted in other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition - MGE Energy and MGE.

 

Operating revenues are recorded as service is rendered or energy is delivered to customers. Meters are read on a systematic basis throughout the month based on established meter-reading schedules. At the end of the month, MGE accrues an estimate for the unbilled amount of energy delivered to customers. The unbilled revenue estimate is based on daily system demand volumes, weather factors, estimated line losses, estimated customer usage by class, and applicable customer rates.

Utility Cost Recovery

Utility Cost Recovery - MGE Energy and MGE.

 

MGE's rates include a provision for fuel costs. The PSCW allows Wisconsin utilities to defer electric fuel-related costs, less excess revenues, that fall outside a symmetrical cost tolerance band. Any over/under recovery of the actual costs is determined on an annual basis and will be adjusted in future billings to electric retail customers. Such deferred amounts will be recognized in “Purchased Power Expense” in MGE Energy's and MGE's income statement each period. The cumulative effects of these deferred amounts will be recorded in “Regulatory assets” or “Regulatory liabilities” on MGE Energy's and MGE's consolidated balance sheets until they are reflected in future billings to customers. See Footnote 17.b. for further information regarding the regulatory rules applicable to the recovery of electric fuel costs.

Allowance for Funds Used During Construction Policy

Allowance for Funds Used During Construction - MGE Energy and MGE.

 

Allowance for funds used during construction is included in utility plant accounts and represents the cost of borrowed funds used during plant construction and a return on shareholders' capital used for construction purposes. In the consolidated income statements, the cost of borrowed funds (AFUDC-debt) is presented as an offset to interest expense and the return on shareholders' capital (AFUDC-equity funds) is shown as an item within other income. For both 2012 and 2011, as approved by the PSCW, MGE capitalized AFUDC-debt and equity on 50% of applicable average construction work in progress at 8.36%. For 2013, MGE capitalized AFUDC-debt and equity on 50% of applicable average construction work in progress at 8.21%. For both 2012 and 2011, MGE received specific approval to recover 100% AFUDC on certain environmental costs for Columbia and 50% in 2013. Although the allowance does not represent current cash income, it is recovered under the ratemaking process over the service lives of the related properties. See Footnote 20 for further information regarding Columbia AFUDC.

Investments

Investments - MGE Energy and MGE.

 

Investments in limited liability companies that have specific ownership accounts in which MGE Energy or MGE's ownership interest is more than minor are accounted for using the equity method. All other investments are carried at fair value or at cost, as appropriate. See Footnote 4 for further information.

Capitalized Software Costs

Capitalized Software Costs - MGE Energy and MGE.

 

Property, plant, and equipment includes the capitalized costs of internal use software totaling $20.9 million and $14.5 million at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. During 2013 and 2012, MGE recorded $1.5 million and $1.3 million, respectively, of amortization expense related to these costs. These costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. For internal use software, the useful lives range from five to ten years.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets Policy

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets - MGE Energy and MGE.

 

MGE reviews plant and equipment and other property for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. MGE's policy for determining when long-lived assets are impaired is to recognize an impairment loss if the sum of the expected future cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges) from an asset are less than the carrying amount of that asset. If an impairment loss is recognized, the amount that will be recorded will be measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset.

Income Taxes and Excise Taxes

Income Taxes and Excise Taxes - MGE Energy and MGE.

 

Income taxes

Under the liability method, income taxes are deferred for all temporary differences between pretax financial and taxable income and between the book and tax basis of assets and liabilities using the tax rates scheduled by law to be in effect when the temporary differences reverse. Future tax benefits are recognized to the extent that realization of such benefits is more likely than not. A valuation allowance is recorded for those benefits that do not meet this criterion.

 

Accounting for uncertainty in income taxes applies to all tax positions and requires a recognition threshold and measurement standard for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken, or expected to be taken, in an income tax return. The threshold is defined for recognizing tax return positions in the financial statements as "more likely than not" that the position is sustainable, based on its merits. Subsequent recognition, derecognition, and measurement is based on management's best judgment given the facts, circumstances, and information available at the reporting date.

 

Regulatory and accounting principles have resulted in a regulatory liability related to income taxes. Excess deferred income taxes result from past taxes provided at rates higher than current rates. The income tax regulatory liability and deferred investment tax credit reflect the revenue requirement associated with the return of these tax benefits to customers.

 

Investment tax credits from regulated operations are amortized over related property service lives.

 

Excise taxes

MGE Energy, through its utility operations, pays a state license fee tax in lieu of property taxes on property used in utility operations. License fee tax is calculated as a percentage of adjusted operating revenues of the prior year. The electric tax rate is 3.19% for retail sales and 1.59% for sales of electricity for resale by the purchaser. The tax rate on sales of natural gas is 0.97%. The tax is required to be estimated and prepaid in the year prior to its computation and expensing. License fee tax expense, included in other general taxes, was $13.8 million, $13.5 million, and $12.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively.

 

Operating income taxes, including tax credits and license fee tax are included in rates for utility related items.

Share-based Compensation

Share-Based Compensation - MGE Energy and MGE.

 

Under two separate incentive plans, eligible participants, including employees and non-employee directors, may receive performance units that entitle the holder to receive a cash payment equal to the value of a designated number of shares of MGE Energy's common stock, plus dividend equivalent payments thereon, at the end of the set performance period. Under the plans, these awards are subject to a prescribed vesting schedule and must be settled in cash. Accordingly, no new shares of common stock are issued in connection with the plans.

 

MGE Energy and MGE initially measure the cost of the employee or director services received in exchange for a performance unit award based on the current market value of MGE Energy common stock. The fair value of the award is subsequently re-measured at each reporting date through the settlement date. Changes in fair value during the requisite period are recognized as compensation cost over that period.

 

See Footnote 14 for additional information regarding the plans.

Treasury Stock

Treasury Stock - MGE Energy.

 

Treasury shares are recorded at cost. Any shares of common stock repurchased are held as treasury shares unless cancelled or reissued.

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Comprehensive Income - MGE Energy and MGE.

 

Total comprehensive income includes all changes in equity during a period except those resulting from investments by and distributions to shareholders. Comprehensive income is reflected in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Derivative and Hedging Instruments

Derivative and Hedging Instruments - MGE Energy and MGE.

 

As part of regular operations, MGE enters into contracts, including options, swaps, futures, forwards, and other contractual commitments, to manage its exposure to interest rates, commodity prices, and gas revenues. MGE recognizes all derivatives in the consolidated balance sheets at fair value, with changes in the fair value of derivative instruments to be recorded in current earnings or deferred in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), depending on whether a derivative is designated as, and is effective as, a hedge and on the type of hedge transaction. Derivative activities are in accordance with the company's risk management policy.

 

If the derivative qualifies for regulatory deferral, the derivatives are marked to fair value and any resulting loss or gain is offset with a corresponding regulatory asset or liability. Cash flows from such derivative instruments are classified on a basis consistent with the nature of the underlying hedged item.

Common Equity  
Common Stock

MGE Energy sells shares of its common stock through its Stock Plan. Those shares may be newly issued shares or shares that MGE Energy has purchased in the open market for resale to participants in the Stock Plan. All sales under the stock plan are covered by a shelf registration statement that MGE Energy filed with the SEC.

MGE Energy purchases shares on the open market to provide shares to meet obligations to participants in the Stock Plan. The shares are purchased on the open market through a securities broker-dealer and then are reissued under the Stock Plan as needed to meet share delivery requirements. The volume and timing of share repurchases in the open market depends upon the level of dividend reinvestment and optional share purchases being made from time to time by plan participants. As a result, there is no specific maximum number of shares to be repurchased and no specified termination date for the repurchases.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments  
Recurring Fair Value Measurements

At December 31, 2013 and 2012, the carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents approximates fair market value due to the short maturity of those investments and obligations. The estimated fair market value of MGE Energy's and MGE long-term debt is based on quoted market prices for similar financial instruments at December 31. Since long-term debt is not traded in an active market, it is classified as Level 2.

No transfers were made in or out of Level 1 or Level 2 for the year ended December 31, 2013.

 

Investments include exchange-traded investment securities valued using quoted prices on active exchanges and are therefore classified as Level 1.

 

Derivatives include exchange-traded derivative contracts, over-the-counter transactions, a ten-year purchased power agreement, and FTRs. Most exchange-traded derivative contracts are valued based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets and are therefore classified as Level 1. A small number of exchange-traded derivative contracts are valued using quoted market pricing in markets with insufficient volumes and are therefore considered unobservable and classified as Level 3. Transactions done with an over-the-counter party are on inactive markets and are therefore classified as Level 3. These transactions are valued based on quoted prices from markets with similar exchange traded transactions. FTRs are priced based upon monthly auction results for identical or similar instruments in a closed market with limited data available and are therefore classified as Level 3.

 

The ten-year purchased power agreement (see Footnote 16) was valued using an internally-developed pricing model and therefore is classified as Level 3. The model projects future market energy prices and compares those prices to the projected power costs to be incurred under the contract. Inputs to the model require significant management judgment and estimation. Future energy prices are based on a forward power pricing curve using exchange-traded contracts in the electric futures market, where such exchange-traded contracts exist, and upon calculations based on forward gas prices, where such exchange-traded contracts do not exist. A basis adjustment is applied to the market energy price to reflect the price differential between the market price delivery point and the counterparty delivery point. The historical relationship between the delivery points is reviewed and a discount (below 100%) or premium (above 100%) is derived. This comparison is done for both peak times when demand is high and off peak times when demand is low. If the basis adjustment is lowered, the fair value measurement will decrease and if the basis adjustment is increased, the fair value measurement will increase.

 

The projected power costs anticipated to be incurred under the purchased power agreement are determined using many factors, including historical generating costs, future prices, and expected fuel mix of the counterparty. An increase in the projected fuel costs would result in a decrease in the fair value measurement of the purchased power agreement. A significant input that MGE estimates is the counterparty's fuel mix in determining the projected power cost. MGE also considers the assumptions that market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability. This consideration includes assumptions about market risk such as liquidity, volatility, and contract duration. The fair value model uses a discount rate that incorporates discounting, credit, and model risks.

 

This model is prepared by members of MGE's Energy Supply group. It is reviewed on a quarterly basis by management in Energy Supply and Finance to review the assumptions, inputs, and fair value measurements.

 

The following table presents the significant unobservable inputs used in the pricing model.

 Significant Unobservable Inputs Model Input 
 Basis adjustment:   
  On peak 94.2% 
  Off peak 92.6% 
 Counterparty fuel mix:   
  Internal generation 50%-70% 
  Purchased power 50%-30% 

The deferred compensation plan allows participants to defer certain cash compensation into a notional investment account. These amounts are included within other deferred liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets of MGE Energy and MGE. The notional investments earn interest based upon the semiannual rate of U.S. Treasury Bills having a 26 week maturity increased by 1% compounded monthly with a minimum annual rate of 7%, compounded monthly. The notional investments are based upon observable market data, however since the deferred compensation obligations themselves are not exchanged in an active market they are classified as Level 2.

Income Taxes  
Uncertainty in Income Taxes

MGE Energy and MGE account for the difference between the tax benefit amount taken on prior year tax returns, or expected to be taken on a current year tax return, and the tax benefit amount recognized in the financial statements as an unrecognized tax benefit.

Unrecognized tax benefits are liabilities shown with Other Deferred Liabilities on the December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, consolidated balance sheets. The interest component is offset by a regulatory asset.

 

MGE Energy filed an application with its 2009 tax returns to change its income tax methods of accounting for electric generation, transmission and distribution repairs and its 2010 tax returns for gas distribution repairs. These method changes accelerated tax deductions for repairs in accordance with Treasury Regulations and case law, as compared to the prior method of claiming tax depreciation on project costs. During 2011, the IRS issued guidance on the treatment of electric transmission and distribution repairs. This guidance has prompted the reversal of a majority of the unrecognized tax benefits for these repairs. During 2013, the IRS issued guidance on the treatment of electric generation repairs. This guidance prompted the reversal of the unrecognized tax benefits for these repairs. At December 31, 2013, MGE Energy and MGE have an unrecognized tax benefit in the amount of $2.4 million related to temporary tax differences associated with the change in income tax method of accounting for electric transmission and distribution repairs and gas distribution repairs. At December 31, 2012, MGE Energy and MGE had an unrecognized tax benefit in the amount of $3.2 million primarily related to temporary tax differences associated with the change in income tax method of accounting for electric generation, transmission, and distribution repairs and gas distribution repairs. At December 31, 2011, MGE Energy and MGE had an unrecognized tax benefit in the amount of $2.4 million primarily related to temporary tax differences associated with the change in income tax method of accounting for electric generation repairs and gas distribution repairs. There were no unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2013 or December 31, 2012 related to federal permanent differences and tax credits. Unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2011 related to federal permanent differences and tax credits were $0.2 million.

 

The unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2013, are not expected to significantly increase or decrease within the next twelve months. However, the IRS may issue guidance on the treatment of gas distribution repairs. In addition, statutes of limitations will expire for MGE Energy and MGE tax returns. The impact of the statutes of limitations expiring is not anticipated to be material.

Pension Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits  
Fair Value of Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plan Assets

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The standard clarifies that fair value should be based on the assumptions market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability including assumptions about risk. The standard also establishes a three level fair value hierarchy based upon the observability of the assumptions used and requires the use of observable market data when available. The levels are:

 

Level 1 - Pricing inputs are quoted prices within active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

 

Level 2 - Pricing inputs are quoted prices within active markets for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations that are correlated with or otherwise verifiable by observable market data.

 

Level 3 - Pricing inputs are unobservable and reflect management's best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.

 

The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for assets measured at fair value as of December 31, 2013:

 

Cash and Cash Equivalents – This category includes highly liquid investments with maturities of less than three months which are traded in active markets.

 

Equity Securities These securities consist of U.S. and international stock funds. The U.S. stock funds are primarily invested in domestic equities. Securities in these funds are typically priced using the closing price from the applicable exchange, NYSE, NASDAQ, etc. The international funds are composed of international equities. Securities are priced using the closing price from the appropriate local stock exchange.

 

Fixed Income Securities – These securities consist of U.S. bond funds and short-term funds. U.S. bond funds are priced by a pricing agent using inputs such as benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, and issuer spreads. The short-term funds are valued initially at cost and adjusted for amortization of any discount or premium.

 

Real Estate – The fair value of real estate properties is determined through an external appraisal process.

 

Insurance Continuance Fund (ICF) – The fair value of the ICF is based on largely unobservable inputs, which are based on a commingled interest.

 

Derivative and Hedging Instruments  
Derivative Hedging

As part of its regular operations, MGE enters into contracts, including options, swaps, futures, forwards, and other contractual commitments, to manage its exposure to commodity prices and gas revenues. To the extent that these contracts are derivatives, MGE assesses whether or not the normal purchases or normal sales exclusion applies. For contracts to which this exclusion cannot be applied, MGE Energy and MGE recognize such derivatives in the consolidated balance sheets at fair value. The majority of MGE's derivative activities are conducted in accordance with its electric and gas risk management program, which is approved by the PSCW and limits the volume MGE can hedge with specific risk management strategies. The maximum length of time over which cash flows related to energy commodities can be hedged is four years. If the derivative qualifies for regulatory deferral, the derivatives are marked to fair value and are offset with a corresponding regulatory asset or liability. The deferred gain or loss is recognized in earnings in the delivery month applicable to the instrument. Gains and losses related to hedges qualifying for regulatory treatment are recoverable in gas rates through the PGA or in electric rates as a component of the fuel rules mechanism.

Derivative Netting

All derivative instruments in this table are presented on a gross basis and are calculated prior to the netting of instruments with the same counterparty under a master netting agreement as well as the netting of collateral. For financial statement purposes, MGE Energy and MGE have netted instruments with the same counterparty under a master netting agreement as well as the netting of collateral.

 
Regional Transmission Organizations  
Regional Transmission Organizations

MGE reports on a net basis transactions on the MISO and PJM markets in which it buys and sells power within the same hour to meet electric energy delivery requirements.

Commitments and Contingencies  
Chattel PaperAgreement

MGE makes available to qualifying customers a financing program for the purchase and installation of energy-related equipment that will provide more efficient use of utility service at the customer's property. MGE is party to a chattel paper purchase agreement with a financial institution under which it can sell or finance an undivided interest with recourse, in up to $10.0 million of the financing program receivables, until July 31, 2014.

MGE retains the servicing responsibility for these receivables.

MGE accounts for servicing rights under the amortization method. Initial determination of the servicing asset fair value is based on the present value of the estimated future cash flows. The discount rate is based on the PSCW authorized weighted cost of capital.

MGE maintains responsibility for collecting and remitting loan payments from customers to the financial institution and does not retain any interest in the assets sold to the financial institution.

MGE would be required to perform under its guarantee if a customer defaulted on its loan. The energy-related equipment installed at the customer sites is used to secure the customer loans. The loan balances outstanding at December 31, 2013, approximate the fair value of the energy-related equipment acting as collateral. The length of the MGE guarantee to the financial institution varies from one to ten years depending on the term of the underlying customer loan.

Adoption of Accounting Principles and Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements  
New Accounting Pronouncements

a.       Presentation of Comprehensive Income.

 

In February 2013, the FASB issued authoritative guidance within the Codification's Comprehensive Income topic that provides guidance on the reporting of amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income. Reclassification adjustments will be presented either on the financial statement where income is presented or as a separate disclosure in the notes to the financial statements. This authoritative guidance became effective January 1, 2013. The authoritative guidance had no effect on our financial statement presentation or notes to the financial statements.

 

b.       Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities.

 

       In December 2011, the FASB issued authoritative guidance within the Codification's Balance Sheet topic that provides guidance on disclosures about offsetting assets and liabilities. The new disclosure requirements mandate that entities disclose both gross and net information for instruments and transactions eligible for offset in the balance sheet as well as instruments and transactions subject to a master netting arrangement. In addition, the standard requires disclosure of collateral received and posted in connections with a master netting arrangement. On January 31, 2013, the FASB issued additional authoritative guidance which clarified the scope of disclosures about offsetting assets and liabilities. The revised guidance limits the scope of the new balance sheet offsetting disclosures to derivatives, repurchase agreements, and securities lending transactions to the extent that they are (1) offset in the financial statements or (2) subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement or similar agreement. This authoritative guidance became effective January 1, 2013. The authoritative guidance did not have a financial impact, but required additional disclosures. See Footnote 16 for additional information.

 

c.       Obligations Resulting from Joint and Several Liability Arrangements for Which the Total Amount of the Obligation Is Fixed at the Reporting Date.

 

In February 2013, the FASB issued authoritative guidance within the Codification's Balance Sheet topic that provides guidance on the recognition, measurement, and disclosure of obligations resulting from joint and several liability arrangements for which the total amount of the obligation is fixed at the reporting date. This authoritative guidance became effective January 1, 2014. The authoritative guidance will not have a financial or disclosure impact.

 

d.       Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit.

 

In July 2013, the FASB issued authoritative guidance within the Codification's Income Statement topic that provides guidance on the presentation of an unrecognized tax benefit when a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward exist. The authoritative guidance was issued to eliminate diversity in practice by providing guidance on the presentation of unrecognized tax benefits. This authoritative guidance became effective January 1, 2014. The authoritative guidance will not have a financial statement or disclosure impact, unless MGE Energy or its subsidiaries are in a net operating loss position. We do not expect to be in a net operating loss position in 2014.

 

Segment Information  
Segment Information

Segment Information - MGE Energy and MGE.

 

The electric utility business purchases, generates and distributes electricity, and contracts for transmission service. The gas utility business purchases and distributes natural gas and contracts for the transportation of natural gas. Both the electric and gas segments operate through MGE Energy's principal subsidiary, MGE.

 

The nonregulated energy operations are conducted through MGE Energy's subsidiaries: MGE Power, MGE Power Elm Road, and MGE Power West Campus. These subsidiaries own and lease electric generating capacity to assist MGE. MGE Power Elm Road has an ownership interest in two coal-fired generating units in Oak Creek, Wisconsin, which are leased to MGE, and MGE Power West Campus owns a controlling interest in the electric generation plant of a natural gas-fired cogeneration facility on the UW campus. MGE Power West Campus's portion is also leased to MGE.

 

The transmission investment segment invests, through MGE Transco, in ATC, a company that provides electric transmission services primarily in Wisconsin. See Footnote 4 for further discussion of MGE Transco and the investment in ATC.

 

The "All Others" segment includes: corporate, CWDC, MAGAEL, MGE Construct, NGV Fueling Services, and North Mendota. These entities' operations consist of investing in companies and property which relate to the regulated operations, financing the regulated operations, or owning and operating natural gas compression equipment.

 

General corporate expenses include the cost of executive management, corporate accounting and finance, information technology, risk management, human resources and legal functions, and employee benefits that are allocated to electric and gas segments based on formulas prescribed by the PSCW. Identifiable assets are those used in MGE's operations in each segment. Assets not allocated consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, investments, other accounts receivable, and prepaid assets.

 

Sales between our electric and gas segments are based on PSCW approved tariffed rates. Additionally, intersegment operations related to the leasing arrangement between our electric segment and MGE Power Elm Road/MGE Power West Campus are based on terms previously approved by the PSCW. Consistent with internal reporting, management has presented the direct financing capital leases between MGE and MGE Power Elm Road/MGE Power West Campus based on actual lease payments included in rates. Lease payments made by MGE to MGE Power Elm Road and MGE Power West Campus are shown as operating expenses. The lease payments received by MGE Power Elm Road and MGE Power West Campus from MGE are shown as lease income in interdepartmental revenues. The depreciation expense associated with the Elm Road Units and WCCF is reflected in the nonregulated energy segment.