Revenue

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Text Block]

Revenue - MGE Energy and MGE.

Revenues disaggregated by revenue source were as follows for the years ended December 31:

(In thousands)
Electric revenues	2023		2022		2021
Residential	$	171,137	$	161,300	$	151,646
Commercial		252,268		232,057		210,475
Industrial		13,759		13,303		12,529
Other-retail/municipal		40,815		37,323		35,169
Total retail		477,979		443,983		409,819
Sales to the market		10,163		19,385		9,499
Other revenues		1,587		1,799		968
Total electric revenues		489,729		465,167		420,286
Gas revenues
Residential		116,640		143,544		110,442
Commercial/Industrial		75,410		99,165		68,895
Total retail		192,050		242,709		179,337
Gas transportation		7,399		5,780		6,185
Other revenues		563		183		98
Total gas revenues		200,012		248,672		185,620
Non-regulated energy revenues		690		680		678
Total Operating Revenue	$	690,431	$	714,519	$	606,584

Performance Obligations

A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer and is the unit of account. A contract's transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. The majority of contracts have a single performance obligation.

Retail Revenue (Residential, Commercial, Industrial, and Other Retail/Municipal)

Providing electric and gas utility service to retail customers represents MGE's core business activity. Tariffs are approved by the PSCW through a rate order and provide MGE's customers with the standard terms and conditions, including pricing terms. The performance obligation to deliver electricity or gas is satisfied over time as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the commodities provided by MGE. MGE recognizes revenues as the commodity is delivered to customers. Meters are read on a systematic basis throughout the month based on established meter-reading schedules and customers are subsequently billed for services received. At the end of the month, MGE accrues an estimate for unbilled commodities delivered to customers. The unbilled revenue estimate is based on daily system demand volumes, weather factors, estimated line losses, estimated customer usage by class, and applicable customer rates.

Utility Cost Recovery Mechanisms

MGE's tariff rates include a provision for fuel cost recovery. Over-collection of fuel-related costs that are outside the approved range will be recognized as a reduction of revenue. Under-collection of these costs will be recognized in "Purchased power" expense in the consolidated statements of income. The cumulative effects of these deferred amounts will be recorded in "Regulatory assets" or "Regulatory liabilities" on the consolidated balance sheets until they are reflected in future billings to customers. See Footnote 9.b. for further information.

MGE also has other cost recovery mechanisms. For example, any over-collection of the difference between actual costs incurred and the amount of costs collected from customers is recorded as a reduction of revenue in the period incurred.

Sales to the Market

Sales to the market include energy charges, capacity or demand charges, and ancillary charges represented by wholesale sales of electricity made to third parties who are not ultimate users of the electricity. Most of these sales are spot market transactions on the markets operated by MISO. Each transaction is considered a performance obligation and revenue is recognized in the period in which energy charges, capacity or demand charges, and ancillary services are sold into MISO. MGE reports, on a net basis, transactions on the MISO markets in which it buys and sells power within the same hour to meet electric energy delivery requirements.

Transportation of Gas

MGE has contracts under which it provides gas transportation services to customers who have elected to purchase gas from a third party. MGE delivers this gas via pipelines within its service territory. Revenue is recognized as service is rendered or gas is delivered to customers. Tariffs are approved by the PSCW through a rate order and provide gas transportation customers with standard terms and conditions, including pricing terms.