Note 5 - Fair Value Measurements

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Notes to Financial Statements

Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block]

5. Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value guidance identifies three primary valuation techniques: the market approach, the income approach and the cost approach. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. The income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts, such as cash flows or earnings, to a single present amount. The measurement is based on the value indicated by current market expectations about those future amounts. The cost approach is based on the amount that currently would be required to replace the service capacity of an asset.

Fair Value Hierarchy

The fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). The maximization of observable inputs and the minimization of the use of unobservable inputs are required.

Classification within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the objectivity of the inputs that are significant to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. The three levels within the fair value hierarchy are characterized as follows:

Level 1 - Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs include: quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability; and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.

Level 3 - Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability for which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at the measurement date. Unobservable inputs reflect the Company's own assumptions about what market participants would use to price the asset or liability. These inputs may include internally developed pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies as well as instruments for which the fair value determination requires significant management judgment.

The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for instruments carried at fair value. These methodologies are applied to asset and liabilities across the levels discussed above, and the observability of the inputs used determines the appropriate level in the fair value hierarchy for the respective asset or liability.

Valuation Methodologies of Financial Instruments Measured at Fair Value

Cash and cash equivalents - Money market instruments are measured at cost, which approximates fair values because of the relatively short time to maturity.

Equity securities - Whenever available, we obtained quoted prices in active markets for identical assets as of the balance sheet date to measure equity securities. Market price data is generally obtained from exchange or dealer markets.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following table presents information about assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and indicates the level of the fair value measurement based on the observability of inputs used:

	March 31, 2024
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash and cash equivalents (a)	$	40,580	$	—	$	—	$	40,580
Marketable securities:
Equity securities		19		—		—		19
Total marketable securities		19		—		—		19
Total	$	40,599	$	—	$	—	$	40,599

	December 31, 2023
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash and cash equivalents (a)	$	40,229	$	—	$	—	$	40,229
Marketable securities:
Equity securities		22		—		—		22
Total marketable securities		22		—		—		22
Total	$	40,251	$	—	$	—	$	40,251

^(a) As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, included investments in money market mutual funds managed or advised by GAMCO Investors, Inc.

There were no liabilities subject to fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Fair Value Measurements on a Non-Recurring Basis

The Company has other assets that may be subject to measurement at fair value on a non-recurring basis including goodwill and intangible assets and other long-lived assets. The Company reviews goodwill annually and the carrying value of long-lived assets whenever events and circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of the assets may not be recoverable. If it is determined that the assets are impaired, the carrying value would be reduced to an estimated recoverable value. The Company's common stock warrants (as defined below) were measured at fair value as disclosed in Note 10 - Stockholders' Equity.

As of  March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company did not write down any assets to fair value.

Fair Value Information about Financial Instruments Not Measured at Fair Value

As of  March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company did have any assets or liabilities classified as financial instruments that were not measured at fair value.