A. Accounting and Reporting Policies

Organization

The LGL Group, Inc. (the "Company"), incorporated in 1928 under the laws of the State of Indiana and reincorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware in 2007, is a holding company with subsidiaries engaged in the designing, manufacturing and marketing of highly-engineered , high reliabilty frequency and spectrum control products used to control the frequency or timing of signals in electronic circuits and in the design of high performance Frequency and Time Reference Standards that form the basis for timing and synchronization in various applications.

As of December 31, 2016, the subsidiaries of the Company are as follows:

	Owned By The LGL Group, Inc.
M-tron Industries, Inc.		100.0	%
Piezo Technology, Inc.		100.0	%
Piezo Technology India Private Ltd.		99.0	%
M-tron Asia, LLC		100.0	%
M-tron Industries, Ltd.		100.0	%
GC Opportunities Ltd.		100.0	%
M-tron Services, Ltd.		100.0	%
Precise Time and Frequency, LLC		100.0	%
Lynch Systems, Inc.		100.0	%

The Company operates through its two principal subsidiaries, M-tron Industries, Inc. ("MtronPTI"), which includes the operations of Piezo Technology, Inc. ("PTI") and M-tron Asia, LLC ("Mtron"), and Precise Time and Frequency, LLC ("PTF"), a newly formed subsidiary, to hold the assets of Precise Time and Frequency, Inc., as discussed in Note B below. The Company has operations in Orlando, Florida, Yankton, South Dakota, Wakefield, Massachusetts and Noida, India. MtronPTI also has sales offices in Sacramento, California, Austin, Texas and Hong Kong.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and entities for which it has control. Material intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated in consolidation.

Reclassification of Prior Year Presentation

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations. As of December 31, 2016, the Company included accrued warranty expense with other accrued expenses on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. Previously, it had been reported as a separate line item. This change in classification does not affect previously reported Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, or Consolidated Statements of Operations for any period.

Uses of Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of highly-liquid investments with a maturity of less than three months when purchased.

Marketable Securities

Marketable debt and equity securities are categorized as available for-sale-securities and are reported at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses related to changes in the fair value of available-for-sale securities are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within stockholders' equity.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable, on a consolidated basis, consists principally of amounts due from both domestic and foreign customers. Credit is extended based on an evaluation of the customer's financial condition and collateral is not required. In relation to export sales, the Company requires letters of credit supporting a significant portion of the sales price prior to production to limit exposure to credit risk. Certain credit sales are made to industries that are subject to cyclical economic changes.

The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of its customers to make required payments. These allowances are maintained at a level that management believes is sufficient to cover potential credit losses. Estimates are based on historical collection experience, current trends, credit policy and the relationship between accounts receivable and revenues. In determining these estimates, the Company examines historical write-offs of its receivables and reviews each customer's account to identify any specific customer collection issues. If the financial condition of its customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payment, additional allowances might be required.

Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market value using the FIFO (first-in, first-out) method.

The Company maintains a reserve for inventory based on estimated losses that result from inventory that becomes obsolete or for which the Company has excess inventory levels as of period end. In determining these estimates, the Company performs an analysis on current demand and usage for each inventory item over historical time periods. Based on that analysis, the Company reserves a percentage of the inventory amount within each time period based on historical demand and usage patterns of specific items in inventory.

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation and include expenditures for major improvements. Maintenance and repairs are charged to operations as incurred. Depreciation is computed for financial reporting purposes using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which range from 5 years to 35 years for buildings and improvements, and from 3 to 10 years for other fixed assets. Property, plant, and equipment are periodically reviewed for indicators of impairment. If any such indicators were noted, the Company would assess the appropriateness of the assets' carrying value and record any impairment at that time.

Depreciation expense from operations was approximately $704,000 for 2016 and $804,000 for 2015.

Warranties

The Company offers a standard one-year warranty. The Company tests its products prior to shipment in order to ensure that they meet each customer's requirements based upon specifications received from each customer at the time its order is received and accepted. The Company's customers may request to return products for various reasons, including, but not limited to, the customers' belief that the products are not performing to specification. The Company's return policy states that it will accept product returns only with prior authorization and if the product does not meet customer specifications, in which case the product would be replaced or repaired. To accommodate the Company's customers, each request for return is reviewed, and if and when it is approved, a return materials authorization ("RMA") is issued to the customer.

Each month the Company records a specific warranty reserve for approved RMAs covering products that have not yet been returned. The Company does not maintain a general warranty reserve because, historically, valid warranty returns resulting from a product not meeting specifications or being non-functional have been de minimis. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, accrued warranty expense was $80,000 and $126,000, respectively, and included with other accrued expenses in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets are recorded at cost less accumulated amortization. Amortization is computed for financial reporting purposes using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which range up to 10 years. The intangible assets consist of intellectual property and goodwill. The net carrying value of the amortizable intangible assets was $588,000 and $435,000 as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Goodwill, which is not amortizable, was $40,000 as of December 31, 2016 and 2015.

The estimated aggregate amortization expense for intangible assets, excluding goodwill, for each of the remaining years of the estimated useful life is as follows (in thousands):

2017	$	75
2018		75
2019		75
2020		75
2021		75
Thereafter		213
Total	$	588

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue from the sale of its products in accordance with the criteria in Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 605, Revenue Recognition, which are:

·	persuasive evidence that an arrangement exists;

·	delivery has occurred;

·	the seller's price to the buyer is fixed and determinable; and

·	collectability is reasonably assured.

The Company meets these conditions upon shipment because title and risk of loss passes to the customer at that time. However, the Company offers a limited right of return and/or authorized price protection provisions in its agreements with certain electronic component distributors who resell the Company's products to original equipment manufacturers or electronic manufacturing services companies. As a result, the Company estimates and records a reserve for future returns and other charges against revenue at the time of shipment consistent with the terms of sale. The reserve is estimated based on historical experience with each respective distributor.

The Company recognizes revenue related to transactions with a right of return and/or authorized price protection provisions when the following conditions are met:

·	seller's price to the buyer is fixed or determinable at the date of sale;

·	buyer has paid the seller, or the buyer is obligated to pay the seller and the obligation is not contingent on resale of the product;

·	buyer's obligation to the seller would not be changed in the event of theft or physical destruction or damage of the product;

·	buyer acquiring the product for resale has economic substance apart from that provided by the seller;

·	seller does not have obligations for future performance; and

·	the amount of future returns can be reasonably estimated.

Shipping Costs

Amounts billed to customers related to shipping and handling are classified as revenue, and the Company's shipping and handling costs are included in manufacturing cost of sales.

Research and Development Costs

Research and development costs are charged to operations as incurred. Such costs were approximately $1,906,000 and $1,964,000 in 2016 and 2015, respectively, and are included within engineering, selling and administrative expenses.

Advertising Expense

Advertising costs are charged to operations as incurred. Such costs were $50,000 in 2016, compared with $146,000 in 2015, and are included within engineering, selling and administrative expenses.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company measures the cost of employee services in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of the award and recognizes the cost over the requisite service period, typically the vesting period.

The Company estimates the fair value of stock options on the grant date using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model. The Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model requires subjective assumptions, including future stock price volatility and expected time to exercise, which greatly affect the calculated values. There is no expected dividend rate. Historical Company information was the basis for the expected volatility assumption as the Company believes that the historical volatility over the life of the option is indicative of expected volatility in the future. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury zero-coupon rates with a remaining term equal to the expected term of the option. The Company also estimates forfeitures at the time of grant and revises, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Based on past history of actual performance, forfeiture rates ranging from zero to twenty five percent have been assumed for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015.

Restricted stock awards are made at a value equal to the market price of the Company's common stock on the date of the grant.

Earnings Per Share

The Company computes earnings per share in accordance with ASC 260, Earnings Per Share ("ASC 260"). Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net earnings by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share adjusts basic earnings per share for the effects of stock options and other potentially dilutive financial instruments, only in the periods in which the effects are dilutive. Shares of stock granted to members of the Board of Directors (the "Board") as a portion of their director fees are deemed to be participating as defined by ASC 260 and therefore are included in the computation of basic earnings per share.

For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, there were options to purchase 166,996 shares and 194,726 shares, respectively, of common stock and warrants to purchase 519,241 shares of common stock that were excluded from the diluted earnings per share computation because the impact of the assumed exercise of such stock options would have been anti-dilutive.

	Years Ended December 31,
	2016		2015

Weighted average shares outstanding - basic		2,665,043		2,640,803
Effect of diluted securities		687		—
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted		2,665,730		2,640,803

Income Taxes

The Company's deferred income tax assets represent (a) temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amount and the tax basis of existing assets and liabilities that will result in deductible amounts in future years, and (b) the tax effects of net operating loss carry-forwards. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets in accordance with the provisions of ASC 740, Income Taxes ("ASC 740"), the Company considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will or will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become realizable.

During the year ended December 31, 2016, based upon the weighting of positive and negative evidence, the Company has determined the results of future operations of one of its foreign subsidiaries will generate enough taxable income that it is more likely than not that deferred tax assets of $214,000 generated from foreign NOLs, can be utilized in the foreseeable future. Accordingly, a valuation allowance previously established for this tax benefit has been reversed. The Company has also determined that a full valuation against the remaining net deferred tax assets is required and has recorded a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. Should a change in circumstances lead to a change in judgment about the ability to realize deferred tax assets in future years, the Company will adjust related valuation allowances in the period that the change in circumstances occurs, along with a corresponding increase or charge to income. The Company recognizes interest and/or penalties, if any, related to income tax matters in income tax expense.

Concentration Risk

In 2016, the Company's largest customer, an electronics contract manufacturing company, accounted for $3,275,000, or 15.7% of the Company's total revenues, compared to $2,627,000, or 12.7%, in 2015.

A significant portion of the Company's accounts receivable is concentrated with a relatively small number of customers. As of December 31, 2016, four of the Company's largest customers accounted for approximately $1,242,000, or 35.1% of accounts receivable. As of December 31, 2015, three of the Company's largest customers accounted for approximately $819,000, or 31.4% of accounts receivable. The Company carefully evaluates the creditworthiness of its customers in deciding to extend credit, and utilizes letters of credit to further limit credit risk for export sales. As a result of these policies, the Company has experienced very low historical bad debt expense and believes the related risk to be minimal.

At various times throughout the year and at December 31, 2016, some deposits held at financial institutions were in excess of federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses related to these balances and believes the related risk to be minimal.

Segment Information

The Company reports segment information in accordance with ASC 280, Segment Information ("ASC 280"). ASC 280 requires companies to report financial and descriptive information for each identified operating segment based on management's internal organizational decision-making structure. Management has identified the segments of electronic components and electronic instruments.

Impairments of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets, including intangible assets subject to amortization, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. Long-lived assets are grouped with other assets to the lowest level to which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other groups of assets and liabilities. Management assesses the recoverability of the carrying cost of the assets based on a review of projected undiscounted cash flows. If an asset is held for sale, management reviews its estimated fair value less cost to sell. Fair value is determined using pertinent market information, including appraisals or broker's estimates, and/or projected discounted cash flows. In the event an impairment loss is identified, it is recognized based on the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value of the long-lived asset.

Financial Instruments

Cash and cash equivalents, trade accounts receivable, short-term borrowings, trade accounts payable, and accrued expenses are carried at cost, which approximates fair value due to the short-term maturity of these instruments.

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash, cash equivalents and trade accounts receivable.

The Company maintains cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments with various financial institutions. The Company's policy is designed to limit exposure to any one institution. At times, such amounts may exceed federally insured limits.

Foreign Currency Translation

The assets and liabilities of international operations are re-measured at the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date for monetary assets and liabilities and at historical rates for non-monetary assets and liabilities, with the related re-measurement gains or losses reported within the consolidated statement of operations. The results of international operations are re-measured at the monthly average exchange rates. The Company's foreign subsidiaries and respective operations' functional currency is the U.S. dollar. The Company has determined this based upon the majority of transactions with customers as well as inter-company transactions and parental support being based in U.S. dollars. The Company has recognized a re-measurement loss of ($2,000) and a re-measurement gain of $35,000, in 2016 and 2015, respectively, which is included within other income, net in the consolidated statements of operations.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows – (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. ASU 2016-15 addresses eight specific cash flow issues with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice. ASU 2016-15 is effective for fiscal years, and for interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017. Early application is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential effect of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") issued ASU 2016–09, "Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share–Based Payment Accounting" ("ASU 2016–09"). ASU 2016-9 simplifies the accounting for share–based payment award transactions including: income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities and classification on the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016–09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company is currently evaluating the requirements of ASU 2016–09, but does not believe the final result will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016–02, "Leases (Topic 842)." The objective of this update is to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those annual periods and is to be applied utilizing a modified retrospective approach. The Company does not expect this standard to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements because there are no material operating leases.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016–01, "Financial Instruments – Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (Topic 825)" ("ASU 2016-01"). ASU No. 2016–01 revises the classification and measurement of investments in certain equity investments and the presentation of certain fair value changes for certain financial liabilities measured at fair value. ASU No. 2016–01 requires the change in fair value of many equity investments to be recognized in net income. ASU No. 2016–01 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. Adopting ASU No. 2016–01 may result in a cumulative effect adjustment to the Company's retained earnings as of the beginning of the year of adoption. The Company is currently evaluating the potential effects of adopting the provisions of ASU No. 2016–01.

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-17 "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes," which simplifies the presentation of deferred income taxes. Under the new accounting standard, deferred tax assets and liabilities are required to be classified as noncurrent, eliminating the prior requirement to separate deferred tax assets and liabilities into current and noncurrent. The new guidance is effective for financial statements issued for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods, with early adoption permitted. The standard may be adopted prospectively or retrospectively to all periods presented. The Company is currently assessing the timing of adoption of the new guidance, but does not expect it will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15, "Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity's Ability to Continue as a Going Concern," ("ASU 2014-15") which provides guidance on determining when and how to disclose going concern uncertainties in the financial statements. The new standard requires management to perform interim and annual assessments of an entity's ability to continue as a going concern within one year of the date the financial statements are issued. An entity must provide certain disclosures if conditions or events raise substantial doubt about the entity's ability to continue as a going concern. ASU 2014-15 applies to all entities and is effective for annual periods ending after December 15, 2016, and interim periods thereafter, with early adoption permitted. The Company has adopted this guidance as of December 31, 2016 and it did not have a material impact on its financial statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014–09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers ("ASU 2014-09")", also known as the "New Revenue Standard". This update is the result of a collaborative effort by the FASB and the International Accounting Standards Board to simplify revenue recognition guidance, remove inconsistencies in the application of revenue recognition, and to improve comparability of revenue recognition practices across entities, industries, jurisdictions, and capital markets. The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to receive for those goods or services. The New Revenue Standard is applied through the following five-step process:

1. Identify the contract(s) with a customer.

2. Identify the performance obligation in the contract.

3. Determine the transaction price.

4. Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract.

5. Recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation.

For a public entity, this update is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 with early adoption permitted. This standard can be applied on either a retrospective or modified retrospective approach. Through the course of 2016 a number of ASU's have been issued which further refine the original guidance issued under ASU 2014-09 and are effective in conjunction with this original standard. The Company is determining its implementation approach and evaluating the potential impacts of the new standard on its existing revenue recognition policies and procedures. The Company's revenues are generally derived from purchase orders and standard contracts and performance obligation criteria is normally met at shipping point with no other material performance obligation.

No other new accounting pronouncements issued or effective during the fiscal year have had or are expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.