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Accounting And Reporting Policies
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2011
Accounting And Reporting Policies [Abstract]  
Accounting and Reporting Policies
A.           Accounting and Reporting Policies
 
Organization
 
The LGL Group, Inc., formerly Lynch Corporation, incorporated in 1928 under the laws of the State of Indiana and reincorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware in 2007, is a holding company with subsidiaries engaged in manufacturing custom-designed highly engineered electronic components.  Information on the operations for its single segment and by geographic area of The LGL Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries (the “Company”) is included in Note L — “Segment Information.”
 
As of December 31, 2011, the subsidiaries of the Company are as follows:
 
   
Owned By The LGL Group, Inc.
 
M-tron Industries, Inc.                                                                                                                      
  100.0%
M-tron Industries, Ltd.                                                                                                                    
  99.9%
Piezo Technology, Inc.                                                                                                                    
  100.0%
Piezo Technology India Private Ltd.                                                                                                                
  99.0%
Lynch Systems, Inc.                                                                                                                      
  100.0%

The Company operates through its principal subsidiary, M-tron Industries, Inc., which includes the operations of M-tron Industries, Ltd. (“Mtron”) and Piezo Technology, Inc. (“PTI”). The combined operations of Mtron and PTI are referred to herein as “MtronPTI.”  MtronPTI has operations in Orlando, Florida, Yankton, South Dakota and Noida, India.  In addition, MtronPTI has sales offices in Hong Kong and Shanghai, China.  During 2007, the Company sold the operating assets of Lynch Systems, Inc. (“Lynch Systems”), a subsidiary of the Company, to an unrelated third party.
 
Principles of Consolidation
 
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and entities in which it has control.  All inter-company transactions and accounts have been eliminated in consolidation.
 
Uses of Estimates
 
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes.  Actual results could differ from those estimates.
 
Cash and Cash Equivalents
 
Cash and cash equivalents consist of highly-liquid investments with a maturity of less than three months when purchased.
 
Accounts Receivable
 
Accounts receivable on a consolidated basis consist principally of amounts due from both domestic and foreign customers.  Credit is extended based on an evaluation of the customer’s financial condition and collateral is not required.  In relation to export sales, the Company requires letters of credit supporting a significant portion of the sales price prior to production to limit exposure to credit risk.  Certain credit sales are made to industries that are
 


subject to cyclical economic changes.  The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts at a level that management believes is sufficient to cover potential credit losses.
 
The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of its customers to make required payments.  Estimates are based on historical collection experience, current trends, credit policy and relationship between accounts receivable and revenues.  In determining these estimates, the Company examines historical write-offs of its receivables and reviews each client’s account to identify any specific customer collection issues.  If the financial condition of its customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payment, additional allowances might be required.  The Company’s failure to estimate accurately the losses for doubtful accounts and ensure that payments are received on a timely basis could have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition and results of operations.
 
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net
 
Property, plant and equipment is recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation and includes expenditures for additions and major improvements.  Maintenance and repairs are charged to operations as incurred.  Depreciation is computed for financial reporting purposes using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which range from 5 years to 35 years for buildings and improvements, and from 3 to 10 years for other fixed assets.  Property, plant, and equipment are periodically reviewed for indicators of impairment.  If any such indicators were noted, the Company would assess the appropriateness of the assets’ carrying value and record any impairment at that time.
 
Depreciation expense from operations was approximately $699,000 for 2011 and $645,000 for 2010.
 
On July 28, 2011, the Company sold certain real property located in Bainbridge, Georgia for $322,610, paid in the form of a promissory note, dated August 1, 2011, in the principal amount of $322,610, bearing interest at a rate of 7% per annum, with all interest and principal due and payable on August 1, 2013.  The real property was formerly used in connection with the operations of Lynch Systems, a subsidiary of the Company whose operating assets were sold in 2007.  The promissory note is secured by the real property sold, and if any portion of such real property is re-sold prior to the note’s maturity (any such re-sale subject to the Company’s written consent), the Company will recoup 85% of the net proceeds from such re-sale transaction, up to the principal amount of the note and all accrued interest thereon. The note receivable is carried at its estimated net realizable value.
 
Inventories
 
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market value using the FIFO (first-in, first-out) method.
 
The Company maintains a reserve for inventory based on estimated losses that result from inventory that becomes obsolete or for which the Company has excess inventory levels as of period end. In determining these estimates, the Company performs an analysis on demand and usage for each inventory item over historical time periods.  Based on that analysis, the Company reserves a percentage of the inventory amount within each time period based on historical demand and usage patterns of specific items in inventory.
 
Warranties
 
The Company offers a standard one-year warranty. The Company tests its products prior to shipment in order to ensure that they meet each customer’s requirements based upon specifications received from each customer at the time its order is received and accepted. The Company’s customers may request to return products for various reasons, including but not limited to the customers’ belief that the products are not performing to specification. The Company’s return policy states that it will accept product returns only with prior authorization and if the product does not meet customer specifications, in which case the product would be replaced or repaired. To accommodate the Company’s customers, each request for return is reviewed, and if and when it is approved, a return materials authorization (“RMA”) is issued to the customer. Each month the Company records a specific warranty reserve for approved RMAs covering products that have not yet been returned. The Company does not maintain a general
 


warranty reserve because, historically, valid warranty returns resulting from a product not meeting specifications or being non-functional have been immaterial.
 
Intangible Assets
 
Intangible assets are included in “other assets” and are recorded at cost less accumulated amortization.  Amortization is computed for financial reporting purposes using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which range up to 10 years.  The intangible assets consist of customer relationships and goodwill.  The net carrying value of the amortizable intangible assets was $156,000 and $225,000 as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.  Goodwill, which is not amortizable, was $40,000 as of December 31, 2011 and 2010.
 
The estimated aggregate amortization expense for intangible assets, excluding goodwill, for each of the remaining years of the estimated useful life is as follows (in thousands):
 
2012                                                                                                                     
 $60 
2013                                                                                                                     
  58 
2014                                                                                                                     
  38 
Total                                                                                                                     
 $156 

Revenue Recognition
 
The Company recognizes revenue from the sale of its product in accordance with the criteria in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 605, Revenue Recognition, which are:
 
‒  
persuasive evidence that an arrangement exists;
 
‒  
delivery has occurred;
 
‒  
the seller’s price to the buyer is fixed and determinable; and
 
‒  
collectability is reasonably assured.
 
The Company meets these conditions upon shipment because title and risk of loss passes to the customer at that time.  However, the Company offers a limited right of return and/or authorized price protection provisions in its agreements with certain electronic component distributors who resell the Company’s products to original equipment manufacturers or electronic manufacturing services companies.  As a result, the Company estimates and records a reserve for future returns and other charges against revenue at the time of shipment consistent with the terms of sale. The reserve is estimated based on historical experience with each respective distributor.
 
The Company recognizes revenue related to transactions with a right of return and/or authorized price protection provisions when the following conditions are met:
 
‒  
seller’s price to the buyer is  fixed or determinable at the date of sale;
 
‒  
buyer has paid the seller, or the buyer is obligated to pay the seller and the obligation is not contingent on resale of the product;
 
‒  
buyer’s obligation to the seller would not be changed in the event of theft or physical destruction or damage of the product;
 
‒  
buyer acquiring the product for resale has economic substance apart from that provided by the seller;
 
‒  
seller does not have obligations for future performance; and
 
‒  
the amount of future returns can be reasonably estimated.
 


Shipping Costs
 
Amounts billed to customers related to shipping and handling are classified as revenue, and the Company’s shipping and handling costs are included in manufacturing cost of sales.
 
Research and Development Costs
 
Research and development costs are charged to operations as incurred.  Such costs were $1,878,000 in 2011 compared with $1,636,000 in 2010, and are included within engineering, selling and administrative expenses.
 
Advertising Expense
 
Advertising costs are charged to operations as incurred.  Such costs were $99,000 in 2011, compared with $23,000 in 2010.
 
Stock-Based Compensation
 
The Company measures the cost of employee services in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of the award and recognizes the cost over the requisite service period, typically the vesting period.
 
The Company estimates the fair value of stock options on the grant date using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model. The Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model requires subjective assumptions, including future stock price volatility and expected time to exercise, which greatly affect the calculated values. There is no expected dividend rate. Historical Company information was the basis for the expected volatility assumption as the Company believes that the historical volatility over the life of the option is indicative of expected volatility in the future. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury zero-coupon rates with a remaining term equal to the expected term of the option. The Company also estimates forfeitures at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Based on past history of actual performance, a zero forfeiture rate has been assumed.
 
Restricted stock awards are granted at a value equal to the market price of our common stock on the date of the grant.

Earnings Per Share
 
The Company computes earnings per share in accordance with ASC 260, Earnings Per Share (“ASC 260”). Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net earnings by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period.  Diluted earnings per share adjusts basic earnings per share for the effects of stock options, restricted stock, and other potentially dilutive financial instruments, only in the periods in which the effects are dilutive. Shares of restricted stock granted to members of the Board of Directors (the “Board”) as a portion of their director fees are deemed to be participating as defined by ASC 260 and therefore are included in the computation of basic earnings per share.
 
For the year ended December 31, 2011, there were options to purchase 90,000 shares of common stock that were excluded from the diluted earnings per share computation because the impact of the assumed exercise of such stock options would have been anti-dilutive, based on the fact that their exercise price exceeded the market price of the common stock as of December 31, 2011.  There were no outstanding options as of December 31, 2010.
 
Income Taxes
 
The Company’s deferred income tax assets represent a) temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amount and the tax basis of existing assets and liabilities that will result in deductible amounts in future years, and b) the tax effects of net operating loss carry-forwards. Based on estimates, the carrying value of our net deferred tax assets assumes that it is more likely than not that the Company will be able to generate sufficient future
 


taxable income in certain tax jurisdictions to utilize these assets in lieu of cash payments for taxes due. Our judgments regarding future profitability may change due to future market conditions, changes in U.S. or international tax laws and other factors. If, in the future, the Company experiences losses for a sustained period of time, the Company may not be able to conclude that it is more likely than not that the Company will be able to generate sufficient future taxable income to realize our deferred tax assets. If this occurs, the Company may be required to increase the valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets resulting in additional income tax expense. The Company recognizes interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense.
 
Concentration Risk
 
In 2011, MtronPTI’s largest customer, an electronics contract manufacturing company, accounted for approximately 10.3% of the Company’s total revenues, compared to approximately 11.9% in 2010.  MtronPTI’s second-largest customer in 2011, which was also an electronics contract manufacturing company, accounted for approximately 8.6% of MtronPTI’s total revenues, compared to approximately 10.1% in 2010.  Revenues from the MtronPTI’s 10 largest customers accounted for approximately 55.0% of revenues in 2011, compared to approximately 65.3% of revenues in 2010. Two customers accounted for more than 10.0% of accounts receivable in 2011, compared to three customers for 2010. At December 31, 2011, the three largest customers accounted for approximately $1,441,000 of accounts receivable, or 33.4% of the MtronPTI’s accounts receivable, compared to approximately 36.2% for the MtronPTI’s three largest customers in 2010.
 
In 2011, approximately 14.7% of the MtronPTI’s revenue was attributable to finished products that were manufactured by an independent contract manufacturer with production locations in both Korea and China, compared to 17.5% for 2010.
 
At various times throughout the year and at December 31, 2011, some deposits held at financial institutions were in excess of federally insured limits.  The Company has not experienced any losses related to these balances, and believes the related risk to be minimal.
 
Segment Information
 
The Company reports segment information in accordance with ASC 280, Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information (“ASC 280”).  ASC 280 requires companies to report financial and descriptive information for each operating segment based on management’s internal organizational decision-making structure.  See Note L to the Consolidated Financial Statements - “Segment Information” - for the detailed presentation of the Company’s business segment.
 
Impairments of Long-Lived Assets
 
Long-lived assets, including intangible assets subject to amortization, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable.  Management assesses the recoverability of the carrying cost of the assets based on a review of projected undiscounted cash flows.  If an asset is held for sale, management reviews its estimated fair value less cost to sell.  Fair value is determined using pertinent market information, including appraisals or broker’s estimates, and/or projected discounted cash flows. In the event an impairment loss is identified, it is recognized based on the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value of the long-lived asset.
 
Financial Instruments
 
Cash and cash equivalents, trade accounts receivable, short-term borrowings, trade accounts payable, and accrued expenses are carried at cost, which approximates fair value due to the short-term maturity of these instruments.  The carrying amount of the Company’s borrowings under its revolving line of credit approximates fair value, as the obligation bears interest at a floating rate.  The fair value of long-term debt approximates cost based on borrowing rates for similar instruments.
 


Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash, cash equivalents, investments and trade accounts receivable.
 
The Company maintains cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments with various financial institutions.  The Company’s policy is designed to limit exposure to any one institution.  At times, such amounts may exceed federally insured limits.
 
Foreign Currency Translation
 
The assets and liabilities of international operations are re-measured at the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date for monetary assets and liabilities and at historical rates for non-monetary assets and liabilities, with the related re-measurement gains or losses reported within the consolidated statement of operations. The results of international operations are re-measured at the monthly average exchange rates. The Company’s foreign subsidiaries and respective operations’ functional currency is the U.S. dollar.  The Company has determined this based upon the majority of transactions with customers as well as inter-company transactions and parental support being based in U.S. dollars.  The Company has recognized a re-measurement loss of $26,000 in 2011 and a re-measurement gain of $3,000 in 2010, which is included within other income, net in the consolidated statements of operations.
 
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
 
In May 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2011-04, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820), Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRS. Many of the amendments in this update change the wording used in the existing guidance to better align U.S. generally accepted accounting principles with International Financial Reporting Standards and to clarify the FASB’s intent on various aspects of the fair value guidance. This update is effective for us in our first quarter of 2012 and should be applied prospectively. The adoption of this new guidance will not have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements.
 
In June 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-12, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220), Presentation of Comprehensive Income, which requires companies to present the total of comprehensive income, the components of net income, and the components of other comprehensive income either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. This update eliminates the option to present the components of other comprehensive income as part of the statement of equity. This update is effective for us in our first quarter of 2012 and should be applied retrospectively. The adoption of this new guidance will not have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements.
 
In September 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-08, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350), Testing Goodwill for Impairment, which permits an entity to make a qualitative assessment of whether it is more likely than not that a reporting unit’s fair value is less than its carrying value before applying the two-step goodwill impairment model that is currently in place. If it is determined through the qualitative assessment that a reporting unit’s fair value is more likely than not greater than its carrying value, the remaining impairment steps would be unnecessary. The qualitative assessment is optional, allowing companies to go directly to the quantitative assessment. This update is effective for us for our annual impairment tests performed during 2012 and should be applied on a prospective basis. The adoption of this new guidance will not have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements.