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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2011
Income Taxes
11.  Income Taxes

The Company's effective tax rate for income from continuing operations was 48.2% and 42.0% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011. The difference in the Company’s effective tax rate for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2011 compared to statutory federal income tax rates is primarily due to reserves against foreign tax credits and a valuation allowance against a foreign net operating loss carryforward.

For the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2010, the Company’s effective tax rate differs significantly from statutory federal income tax rates due to a change in assertion regarding unremitted foreign earnings related to its German branch and additional valuation reserves against certain foreign tax credits and state net operating losses.

The Company’s effective tax rates in future periods could be affected by earnings being lower or higher than anticipated in countries where tax rates differ from the United States federal rate, the relative impact of permanent tax adjustments on higher or lower earnings from domestic operations, changes in net deferred tax asset valuation allowances, completion of acquisitions or divestitures, changes in tax rates or tax laws and the completion of tax audits.

The Company maintains a valuation allowance against certain deferred tax assets where realization is not reasonably assured.  The Company evaluates the likelihood of the realization of deferred tax assets and reduces the carrying amount to the extent it believes a portion will not be realized.  The total valuation allowance on foreign tax credits was $4.0 million as of September 30, 2011.  There has been no significant change to this amount during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2011.  However, should these assessments change, a reduction in the valuation allowance would result in a tax benefit to the Company which could be material to any one reporting period.  Any benefit would be recorded in the period when realization is reasonably assured.

The Company and its subsidiaries file a consolidated federal income tax return, as well as returns required by various state and foreign jurisdictions.  In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to examination by taxing authorities, including such major jurisdictions as the United States, France, Germany and the Netherlands.  With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal examinations for years before 2006, state and local examinations for years before 2002, and non-U.S. income tax examinations for years before 2007.