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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2012
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]  
Business and Consolidation

Business and Consolidation

 

(PPL)

 

PPL is an energy and utility holding company that, through its subsidiaries, is primarily engaged in: 1) the regulated generation, transmission, distribution and sale of electricity and the regulated distribution and sale of natural gas, primarily in Kentucky; 2) the regulated distribution of electricity in the U.K.; 3) the regulated transmission, distribution and sale of electricity in Pennsylvania; and 4) the competitive generation and marketing of electricity in portions of the northeastern and northwestern U.S. Headquartered in Allentown, PA, PPL's principal subsidiaries are LKE (including its principal subsidiaries, LG&E and KU), PPL Global, PPL Electric and PPL Energy Supply (including its principal subsidiaries, PPL EnergyPlus and PPL Generation). PPL's corporate level financing subsidiary is PPL Capital Funding.

 

On April 1, 2011, PPL, through its indirect, wholly owned subsidiary PPL WEM, completed its acquisition of all of the outstanding ordinary share capital of Central Networks East plc and Central Networks Limited, the sole owner of Central Networks West plc, together with certain other related assets and liabilities (collectively referred to as Central Networks and subsequently referred to as WPD Midlands), from subsidiaries of E.ON AG. WPD Midlands' operating results are included in PPL's results of operations for the full year of 2012, but as PPL is consolidating WPD Midlands on a one-month lag, eight months of operating results are included in PPL's results of operations for 2011 with no comparable amounts for 2010.

 

On November 1, 2010, PPL acquired all of the limited liability company interests of E.ON U.S. LLC from a wholly owned subsidiary of E.ON AG. Upon completion of the acquisition, E.ON U.S. LLC was renamed LG&E and KU Energy LLC. LKE's operating results are included in PPL's results of operations for the full years of 2012 and 2011, while 2010 includes LKE's operating results for the two months ended December 31, 2010.

 

See Note 10 for additional information regarding the acquisitions of WPD Midlands and LKE.

 

(PPL and PPL Energy Supply)

 

In April 2012, an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of PPL Energy Supply completed the Ironwood Acquisition. See Note 10 for additional information.

 

(PPL, LKE, LG&E and KU)

 

LKE is a holding company with cost-based rate-regulated utility operations through its subsidiaries, LG&E and KU, and is subject to PUHCA. LG&E and KU are engaged in the regulated generation, transmission, distribution and sale of electricity. LG&E also engages in the regulated distribution and sale of natural gas. LG&E and KU maintain their separate identities and serve customers in Kentucky under their respective names. KU also serves customers in Virginia (under the Old Dominion Power name) and in Tennessee.

 

(LKE, LG&E and KU)

 

LKE's, LG&E's and KU's Financial Statements and related financial and operating data include the periods before and after PPL's acquisition of LKE on November 1, 2010 and have been segregated to present pre-acquisition activity as the Predecessor and post-acquisition activity as the Successor. Certain accounting and presentation methods were changed to acceptable alternatives to conform to PPL's accounting policies, and the cost bases of certain assets and liabilities were changed as of November 1, 2010 as a result of the application of push-down accounting. Consequently, the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the Successor periods are not comparable to the Predecessor periods; however, the core operations of LKE, LG&E and KU have not changed as a result of the acquisition.

 

(PPL and PPL Energy Supply)

 

PPL Generation owns and operates a portfolio of competitive domestic power generating assets. These power plants are located in Pennsylvania and Montana and use well-diversified fuel sources including coal, uranium, natural gas, oil and water. PPL EnergyPlus sells electricity produced by PPL Generation subsidiaries, participates in wholesale market load-following auctions, and markets various energy products and commodities such as: capacity, transmission, FTRs, coal, natural gas, oil, uranium, emission allowances, RECs and other commodities in competitive wholesale and competitive retail markets, primarily in the northeastern and northwestern U.S.

 

(PPL Energy Supply)

 

In January 2011, PPL Energy Supply distributed its membership interest in PPL Global, representing all of the outstanding membership interest of PPL Global, to PPL Energy Supply's parent, PPL Energy Funding. The distribution was made based on the book value of the assets and liabilities of PPL Global with financial effect as of January 1, 2011. See Note 9 for additional information.

 

(PPL, PPL Energy Supply and LKE)

 

"Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations (net of income taxes)" on the Statements of Income includes the activities of various businesses that were sold or distributed. See Note 9 for additional information. The Statements of Cash Flows do not separately report the cash flows of the Discontinued Operations, except for the LKE Predecessor period, which separately discloses these cash flows within operating, investing and financing activities, consistent with LKE's pre-acquisition accounting policy.

 

(PPL and PPL Electric)

 

PPL Electric is a cost-based rate-regulated subsidiary of PPL. PPL Electric's principal business is the regulated transmission and distribution of electricity to serve retail customers in its franchised territory in eastern and central Pennsylvania and the regulated supply of electricity to retail customers in that territory as a PLR.

 

(PPL, PPL Energy Supply, PPL Electric, LKE, LG&E and KU)

 

The financial statements of the Registrants include each company's own accounts as well as the accounts of all entities in which the company has a controlling financial interest. Entities for which a controlling financial interest is not demonstrated through voting interests are evaluated based on accounting guidance for VIEs. The Registrants consolidate a VIE when they are determined to have a controlling interest in the VIE, and thus are the primary beneficiary of the entity. For PPL and PPL Energy Supply, see Note 22 for information regarding a consolidated VIE. Investments in entities in which a company has the ability to exercise significant influence but does not have a controlling financial interest are accounted for under the equity method. All other investments are carried at cost or fair value. All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated. Any noncontrolling interests are reflected in the financial statements.

 

The financial statements of PPL, PPL Energy Supply, LKE, LG&E and KU include their share of any undivided interests in jointly owned facilities, as well as their share of the related operating costs of those facilities. See Note 14 for additional information.

 

(PPL)

 

PPL consolidates WPD, including WPD Midlands, on a one-month lag. Material intervening events, such as debt issuances that occur in the lag period, are recognized in the current period financial statements. Events that are significant but not material are disclosed.

Regulation

Regulation

 

(PPL, PPL Electric, LKE, LG&E and KU)

 

PPL Electric, LG&E and KU are cost-based rate-regulated utilities for which rates are set by regulators to enable PPL Electric, LG&E and KU to recover the costs of providing electric or gas service, as applicable, and to provide a reasonable return to shareholders. Rates are generally established based on a historical test period adjusted to exclude unusual or nonrecurring items. As a result, the financial statements are subject to the accounting for certain types of regulation as prescribed by GAAP and reflect the effects of regulatory actions. Regulatory assets are recognized for the effect of transactions or events where future recovery of underlying costs is probable in regulated customer rates. The effect of such accounting is to defer certain or qualifying costs that would otherwise currently be charged to expense. Regulatory liabilities are recognized for amounts expected to be returned through future regulated customer rates. In certain cases, regulatory liabilities are recorded based on an understanding or agreement with the regulator that rates have been set to recover costs that are expected to be incurred in the future, and the regulated entity is accountable for any amounts charged pursuant to such rates and not yet expended for the intended purpose. The accounting for regulatory assets and liabilities is based on specific ratemaking decisions or precedent for each transaction or event as prescribed by the FERC or the applicable state regulatory commissions. See Note 6 for additional details regarding regulatory matters.

 

(PPL)

 

WPD operates in an incentive-based regulatory structure under distribution licenses granted by Ofgem. Electricity distribution revenues are set by Ofgem every five years through price control reviews that are not directly based on cost recovery. The price control formula that governs WPD's allowed revenue is designed to provide economic incentives to minimize operating, capital and financing costs. As a result, WPD is not subject to accounting for the effects of certain types of regulation as prescribed by GAAP and does not record regulatory assets and liabilities.

Accounting Records [Policy Text Block]

Accounting Records (PPL, PPL Electric, LKE, LG&E and KU)

 

The system of accounts for domestic regulated entities is maintained in accordance with the Uniform System of Accounts prescribed by the FERC and adopted by the applicable state regulatory commissions.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Loss Accruals

Loss Accruals

 

Potential losses are accrued when (1) information is available that indicates it is "probable" that a loss has been incurred, given the likelihood of the uncertain future events and (2) the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Accounting guidance defines "probable" as cases in which "the future event or events are likely to occur." The Registrants continuously assess potential loss contingencies for environmental remediation, litigation claims, regulatory penalties and other events. Loss accruals for environmental remediation are discounted when appropriate.

 

The accrual of contingencies that might result in gains is not recorded, unless realization is assured.

Changes in Classification

Changes in Classification

 

The classification of certain amounts in the 2011 and 2010 financial statements have been changed to conform to the current presentation. The changes in classification did not affect the Registrants' net income or equity.

Earnings Per Share

Earnings Per Share (PPL)

 

EPS is computed using the two-class method, which is an earnings allocation method for computing EPS that treats a participating security as having rights to earnings that would otherwise have been available to common shareowners. Share-based payment awards that provide recipients a non-forfeitable right to dividends or dividend equivalents are considered participating securities.

Price Risk Management

Price Risk Management

 

(PPL, PPL Energy Supply, LKE, LG&E and KU)

 

Energy and energy-related contracts are used to hedge the variability of expected cash flows associated with the generating units and marketing activities, as well as for trading purposes. Interest rate contracts are used to hedge exposures to changes in the fair value of debt instruments and to hedge exposures to variability in expected cash flows associated with existing floating-rate debt instruments or forecasted fixed-rate issuances of debt. Foreign currency exchange contracts are used to hedge foreign currency exchange exposures, primarily associated with PPL's investments in U.K. subsidiaries. Similar derivatives may receive different accounting treatment, depending on management's intended use and documentation.

 

Certain energy and energy-related contracts meet the definition of a derivative, while others do not meet the definition of a derivative because they lack a notional amount or a net settlement provision. In cases where there is no net settlement provision, markets are periodically assessed to determine whether market mechanisms have evolved that would facilitate net settlement. Certain derivative energy contracts have been excluded from the requirements of derivative accounting treatment because they meet the definition of NPNS. These contracts are accounted for using accrual accounting. All other contracts that have been classified as derivative contracts are reflected on the balance sheet at their fair value. These contracts are recorded as "Price risk management assets" and "Price risk management liabilities" on the Balance Sheets. The portion of derivative positions that deliver within a year are included in "Current Assets" and "Current Liabilities," while the portion of derivative positions that deliver beyond a year are recorded in "Other Noncurrent Assets" and "Deferred Credits and Other Noncurrent Liabilities."

 

Energy and energy-related contracts are assigned a strategy and accounting classification. Processes exist that allow for subsequent review and validation of the contract information. These strategies are discussed in more detail in Note 19. The accounting department provides the traders and the risk management department with guidelines on appropriate accounting classifications for various contract types and strategies. Some examples of these guidelines include, but are not limited to:

 

       Physical coal, limestone, lime, uranium, electric transmission, gas transportation, gas storage and renewable energy credit contracts are not derivatives due to the lack of net settlement provisions.

 

       Only contracts where physical delivery is deemed probable throughout the entire term of the contract can qualify for NPNS.

 

       Physical transactions that permit cash settlement and financial transactions do not qualify for NPNS because physical delivery cannot be asserted; however, these transactions can receive cash flow hedge treatment if they lock in the future cash flows for energy-related commodities.

 

       Certain purchased option contracts or net purchased option collars may receive hedge accounting treatment. Those that are not eligible are recorded at fair value through earnings.

 

       Derivative transactions that do not qualify for NPNS or hedge accounting treatment are recorded at fair value through earnings.

 

A similar process is also followed by the treasury department as it relates to interest rate and foreign currency derivatives. Examples of accounting guidelines provided to the treasury department staff include, but are not limited to:

 

       Transactions to lock in an interest rate prior to a debt issuance can be designated as cash flow hedges, to the extent the forecasted debt issuances remain probable of occurring.

 

       Cross-currency transactions to hedge interest and principal repayments can be designated as cash flow hedges.

 

       Transactions entered into to hedge fluctuations in the fair value of existing debt can be designated as fair value hedges.

 

       Transactions entered into to hedge the value of a net investment of foreign operations can be designated as net investment hedges.

 

       Derivative transactions that do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment are marked to fair value through earnings. These transactions generally include foreign currency swaps and options to hedge GBP earnings translation risk associated with PPL's U.K. subsidiaries that report their financial statements in GBP. As such, these transactions reduce earnings volatility due solely to changes in foreign currency exchange rates.

 

       Derivative transactions may be marked to fair value through regulatory assets/liabilities if approved by the appropriate regulatory body. These transactions generally include the effect of interest rate swaps that are included in customer rates.

 

Cash inflows and outflows related to derivative instruments are included as a component of operating, investing or financing activities on the Statements of Cash Flows, depending on the underlying nature of the hedged items.

 

PPL and its subsidiaries have elected not to offset net derivative positions against the right to reclaim cash collateral (a receivable) or the obligation to return cash collateral (a payable) under master netting arrangements.

 

PPL Energy Supply reflects its net realized and unrealized gains and losses associated with all derivatives that are held for trading purposes in "Net energy trading margins" on the Statements of Income.

 

See Notes 18 and 19 for additional information on derivatives.

 

(PPL and PPL Electric)

 

To meet its obligation as a PLR to its customers, PPL Electric has entered into certain contracts that meet the definition of a derivative. However, these contracts qualify for NPNS. See Notes 18 and 19 for additional information.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

 

(PPL, PPL Energy Supply, PPL Electric, LKE, LG&E and KU)

 

Operating revenues, except for certain energy and energy-related contracts that meet the definition of derivative instruments and "Energy-related businesses," are recorded based on energy deliveries through the end of the calendar month. Unbilled retail revenues result because customers' meters are read and bills are rendered throughout the month, rather than all being read at the end of the month. Unbilled revenues for a month are calculated by multiplying an estimate of unbilled kWh by the estimated average cents per kWh. Unbilled wholesale energy revenues are recorded at month-end to reflect estimated amounts until actual dollars and MWhs are confirmed and invoiced. Any difference between estimated and actual revenues is adjusted the following month.

 

Certain PPL subsidiaries participate primarily in the PJM RTO, as well as in other RTOs and ISOs. In PJM, PPL EnergyPlus is a marketer, a load-serving entity and a seller for PPL Energy Supply's generation subsidiaries. A function of interchange accounting is to match participants' MWh entitlements (generation plus scheduled bilateral purchases) against their MWh obligations (load plus scheduled bilateral sales) during every hour of every day. If the net result during any given hour is an entitlement, the participant is credited with a spot-market sale to the RTO at the respective market price for that hour; if the net result is an obligation, the participant is charged with a spot-market purchase at the respective market price for that hour. PPL Energy Supply records the hourly net sales in its Statements of Income as "Wholesale energy marketing" if in a net sales position and "Energy purchases" if in a net purchase position.

 

(PPL)

 

WPD's revenue is primarily from charges to suppliers to use its distribution system to deliver electricity to the end-user. WPD's allowed revenue is not dependent on volume delivered over the five-year price control period. However, in any fiscal period, WPD's revenue could be negatively affected if its tariffs and the volume delivered do not fully recover the allowed revenue for a given period. Under recoveries are recovered and recorded in the next regulatory year. Over recoveries are reflected in the current period as a liability and are not included in revenue.

 

(PPL and PPL Energy Supply)

 

PPL Energy Supply records non-derivative energy marketing activity in the period when the energy is delivered. Generally, sales contracts held for non-trading purposes are reported gross on the Statements of Income within "Wholesale energy marketing" and "Unregulated retail electric and gas." However, non-trading physical sales and purchases of electricity at major market delivery points (which is any delivery point with liquid pricing available, such as the pricing hub for PJM West), are netted and reported in the Statements of Income within "Wholesale energy marketing" or "Energy purchases," depending on the net hourly position. Certain energy and energy-related contracts that meet the definition of derivative instruments are recorded at fair value with subsequent changes in fair value recognized as revenue or expense (see Note 19), unless hedge accounting is applied. If derivatives meet cash flow hedging criteria, changes in fair value are recorded in AOCI. Derivative and non-derivative contracts that are designated as proprietary trading activities are reported net on the Statements of Income within "Net energy trading margins."

 

"Energy-related businesses" revenue primarily includes revenue from the mechanical contracting and engineering subsidiaries. The mechanical contracting and engineering subsidiaries record revenue from construction contracts on the percentage-of-completion method of accounting, measured by the actual cost incurred to date as a percentage of the estimated total cost for each contract. Accordingly, costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts are recorded within "Unbilled revenues" on the Balance Sheets, and billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts are recorded within "Other current liabilities" on the Balance Sheets. The amount of costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings was $12 million and $15 million at December 31, 2012 and 2011, and the amount of billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings was $70 million and $59 million at December 31, 2012 and 2011.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts Receivable

 

(PPL, PPL Energy Supply, PPL Electric, LKE, LG&E and KU)

 

Accounts receivable are reported on the Balance Sheets at the gross outstanding amount adjusted for an allowance for doubtful accounts. Accounts receivable that are acquired are initially recorded at fair value on the date of acquisition. See Note 10 for information related to the acquisitions of WPD Midlands and LKE.

 

(PPL, PPL Energy Supply and PPL Electric)

 

In accordance with a PUC-approved purchase of accounts receivable program, PPL Electric purchases certain accounts receivable from alternative suppliers (including PPL EnergyPlus) at a nominal discount, which reflects a provision for uncollectible accounts. The alternative suppliers have no continuing involvement or interest in the purchased accounts receivable. The purchased accounts receivable are initially recorded at fair value using a market approach based on the purchase price paid and are classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. PPL Electric receives a nominal fee for administering its program. During 2012, 2011 and 2010, PPL Electric purchased $848 million, $875 million and $617 million of accounts receivable from unaffiliated third parties. During 2012, 2011 and 2010, PPL Electric purchased $313 million, $264 million and $215 million of accounts receivable from PPL EnergyPlus.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts (PPL, PPL Energy Supply, PPL Electric, LKE, LG&E and KU)

 

Accounts receivable collectability is evaluated using a combination of factors, including past due status based on contractual terms, trends in write-offs, the age of the receivable, counterparty creditworthiness and economic conditions. Specific events, such as bankruptcies, are also considered. Adjustments to the allowance for doubtful accounts are made when necessary based on the results of analysis, the aging of receivables and historical and industry trends.

 

Accounts receivable are written off in the period in which the receivable is deemed uncollectible. Recoveries of accounts receivable previously written off are recorded when it is known they will be received.

Cash

Cash (PPL, PPL Energy Supply, PPL Electric, LKE, LG&E and KU)

 

Cash Equivalents

 

All highly liquid debt instruments purchased with original maturities of three months or less are considered to be cash equivalents.

 

Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents

 

Bank deposits and other cash equivalents that are restricted by agreement or that have been clearly designated for a specific purpose are classified as restricted cash and cash equivalents. The change in restricted cash and cash equivalents is reported as an investing activity on the Statements of Cash Flows. On the Balance Sheets, the current portion of restricted cash and cash equivalents is shown as "Restricted cash and cash equivalents" for PPL and PPL Energy Supply and included in "Other current assets" for PPL Electric, LKE, LG&E and KU while the noncurrent portion is included in "Other noncurrent assets" for all Registrants.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements (PPL, PPL Energy Supply, PPL Electric, LKE, LG&E and KU)

 

The Registrants value certain financial and nonfinancial assets and liabilities at fair value. Generally, the most significant fair value measurements relate to price risk management assets and liabilities, investments in securities including investments in the NDT funds and defined benefit plans, and cash and cash equivalents. PPL and its subsidiaries use, as appropriate, a market approach (generally, data from market transactions), an income approach (generally, present value techniques and option-pricing models) and/or a cost approach (generally, replacement cost) to measure the fair value of an asset or liability. These valuation approaches incorporate inputs such as observable, independent market data and/or unobservable data that management believes are predicated on the assumptions market participants would use to price an asset or liability. These inputs may incorporate, as applicable, certain risks such as nonperformance risk, which includes credit risk.

 

The Registrants classify fair value measurements within one of three levels in the fair value hierarchy. The level assigned to a fair value measurement is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:

 

       Level 1 - quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that are accessible at the measurement date. Active markets are those in which transactions for the asset or liability occur with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis.

 

       Level 2 - inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are either directly or indirectly observable for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

 

       Level 3 - unobservable inputs that management believes are predicated on the assumptions market participants would use to measure the asset or liability at fair value.

 

Assessing the significance of a particular input requires judgment that considers factors specific to the asset or liability. As such, the Registrants' assessment of the significance of a particular input may affect how the assets and liabilities are classified within the fair value hierarchy.

Investments

Investments

 

(PPL, PPL Energy Supply, PPL Electric, LKE, LG&E and KU)

 

Generally, the original maturity date of an investment and management's intent and ability to sell an investment prior to its original maturity determine the classification of investments as either short-term or long-term. Investments that would otherwise be classified as short-term, but are restricted as to withdrawal or use for other than current operations or are clearly designated for expenditure in the acquisition or construction of noncurrent assets or for the liquidation of long-term debts, are classified as long-term.

 

Short-term Investments

 

Short-term investments generally include certain deposits as well as securities that are considered highly liquid or provide for periodic reset of interest rates. Investments with original maturities greater than three months and less than a year, as well as investments with original maturities of greater than a year that management has the ability and intent to sell within a year, are included in "Short-term investments" or "Other current assets" on the Balance Sheets.

 

Investments in Debt and Equity Securities

 

Investments in debt securities are classified as held-to-maturity and measured at amortized cost when there is an intent and ability to hold the securities to maturity. Debt and equity securities held principally to capitalize on fluctuations in their value with the intention of selling them in the near-term are classified as trading. All other investments in debt and equity securities are classified as available-for-sale. Both trading and available-for-sale securities are carried at fair value. The specific identification method is used to calculate realized gains and losses on debt and equity securities. Any unrealized gains and losses on trading securities are included in earnings.

 

The criteria for determining whether a decline in fair value of a debt security is other than temporary and whether the other-than-temporary impairment is recognized in earnings or reported in OCI require that when a debt security is in an unrealized loss position and:

 

       there is an intent or a requirement to sell the security before recovery, the other-than-temporary impairment is recognized currently in earnings; or

       there is no intent or requirement to sell the security before recovery, the portion of the other-than-temporary impairment that is considered a credit loss is recognized currently in earnings and the remainder of the other-than-temporary impairment is reported in OCI, net of tax; or

       there is no intent or requirement to sell the security before recovery and there is no credit loss, the unrealized loss is reported in OCI, net of tax.

 

Unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale equity securities are reported, net of tax, in OCI. When an equity security's decline in fair value below amortized cost is determined to be an other-than-temporary impairment, the unrealized loss is recognized currently in earnings. See Notes 18 and 23 for additional information on investments in debt and equity securities.

Equity Method Investment (PPL, LKE and KU)

 

Investments in entities over which PPL, LKE and KU have the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control, are accounted for using the equity method of accounting and are reported in “Other Investments” on PPL's Balance Sheet and in “Investments” on LKE's and KU's Balance Sheets. In accordance with the accounting guidance for equity method investments, the recoverability of the investment is periodically assessed. If an identified event or change in circumstances requires an impairment evaluation, the fair value of the investment is assessed. The difference between the carrying amount of the investment and its estimated fair value is recognized as an impairment loss when the loss in value is deemed other-than-temporary and such loss is included in “Other-Than-Temporary Impairments” on the Statements of Income.

 

KU owns 20% of the common stock of EEI, which is accounted for as an equity method investment. KU's direct exposure to loss as a result of its involvement with EEI is generally limited to the value of its investment. During 2012, KU recorded gains (losses) of $(8) million from its share of EEI's operating results. In December 2012, KU concluded that an other-than-temporary decline in the value of its investment in EEI had occurred. KU recorded an impairment charge of $25 million ($15 million, after-tax) which reduced the investment balance to zero, the estimated fair value at December 31, 2012. See Note 18 for additional information.

Cost Method Investment (LKE, LG&E and KU)

 

LG&E and KU each have an investment in OVEC, which is accounted for using the cost method. The investment is recorded in "Investments" on the LKE and KU Balance Sheets, in "Other noncurrent assets" on the LG&E Balance Sheets and in “Other investments” on the PPL Balance Sheets. LG&E and KU and ten other electric utilities are equity owners of OVEC. OVEC's power is currently supplied to LG&E and KU and 11 other companies affiliated with the various owners. LG&E and KU own 5.63% and 2.5% of OVEC's common stock. Pursuant to a power purchase agreement, LG&E and KU are contractually entitled to their ownership percentage of OVEC's output, which is approximately 134 MW for LG&E and approximately 60 MW for KU.

 

LG&E's and KU's combined investment in OVEC is not significant. The direct exposure to loss as a result of LG&E's and KU's involvement with OVEC is generally limited to the value of their investments; however, LG&E and KU may be conditionally responsible for a pro-rata share of certain OVEC obligations. As part of PPL's acquisition of LKE, the value of the power purchase contract was recorded as an intangible asset with an offsetting regulatory liability, both of which are being amortized using the units-of-production method until March 2026, the expiration date of the agreement. See Notes 15 and 20 for additional discussion on the power purchase agreement.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, Plant and Equipment

 

(PPL, PPL Energy Supply, PPL Electric, LKE, LG&E and KU)

 

PP&E is recorded at original cost, unless impaired. PP&E acquired in a business combination is recorded at fair value at the time of acquisition. If impaired, the asset is written down to fair value at that time, which becomes the new cost basis of the asset. Original cost includes material, labor, contractor costs, certain overheads and financing costs, where applicable. The cost of repairs and minor replacements are charged to expense as incurred. The Registrants record costs associated with planned major maintenance projects in the period in which the costs are incurred. No costs associated with planned major maintenance projects are accrued in advance of the period in which the work is performed. LG&E and KU accrue costs of removal net of estimated salvage value through depreciation, which is included in the calculation of customer rates over the assets' depreciable lives in accordance with regulatory practices. Cost of removal amounts accrued through depreciation rates are accumulated as a regulatory liability until the removal costs are incurred. See "Asset Retirement Obligations" below and Note 6 for additional information.

 

(PPL and PPL Energy Supply)

 

The original cost for the PP&E acquired in the Ironwood Acquisition is its fair value on April 13, 2012. See Note 10 for additional information on the acquisition.

 

(PPL)

 

The original cost for the PP&E acquired in the WPD Midlands acquisition is its fair value on April 1, 2011, which approximated RAV as of the acquisition date. See Note 10 for additional information on the acquisition.

 

(PPL, PPL Electric, LKE and KU)

 

AFUDC is capitalized as part of the construction costs for cost-based rate-regulated projects for which a return on such costs is recovered after the project is placed in service. The debt component of AFUDC is credited to "Interest Expense" and the equity component is credited to "Other Income (Expense) - net" on the Statements of Income. LKE and KU have not recorded significant AFUDC as a return has been provided during the construction period for most projects.

 

(PPL and PPL Energy Supply)

 

Nuclear fuel-related costs, including fuel, conversion, enrichment, fabrication and assemblies, are capitalized as PP&E. Such costs are amortized as the fuel is spent using the units-of-production method and included in "Fuel" on the Statements of Income. PPL Energy Supply capitalizes interest costs as part of construction costs.

 

Capitalized interest, excluding AFUDC for PPL, is as follows.

Depreciation

 

(PPL, PPL Energy Supply, PPL Electric, LKE, LG&E and KU)

 

Depreciation is recorded over the estimated useful lives of property using various methods including the straight-line, composite and group methods. When a component of PP&E that was depreciated under the composite or group method is retired, the original cost is charged to accumulated depreciation. When all or a significant portion of an operating unit that was depreciated under the composite or group method is retired or sold, the property and the related accumulated depreciation account is reduced and any gain or loss is included in income, unless otherwise required by regulators.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

(PPL, PPL Energy Supply, PPL Electric, LKE, LG&E and KU)

 

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

 

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price paid over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired in a business combination.

 

Other acquired intangible assets are initially measured based on their fair value. Intangibles that have finite useful lives are amortized over their useful lives based upon the pattern in which the economic benefits of the intangible assets are consumed or otherwise used. Costs incurred to obtain an initial license and renew or extend terms of licenses are capitalized as intangible assets.

 

When determining the useful life of an intangible asset, including intangible assets that are renewed or extended, PPL and its subsidiaries consider the expected use of the asset; the expected useful life of other assets to which the useful life of the intangible asset may relate; legal, regulatory, or contractual provisions that may limit the useful life; the company's historical experience as evidence of its ability to support renewal or extension; the effects of obsolescence, demand, competition, and other economic factors; and the level of maintenance expenditures required to obtain the expected future cash flows from the asset.

 

PPL and PPL Energy Supply account for RECs as intangible assets. PPL and PPL Energy Supply buy and/or sell RECs and also create RECs through owned renewable energy generation facilities. In any period, PPL and PPL Energy Supply can be a net purchaser or seller of RECs depending on their contractual obligations to purchase or deliver RECs and the production of RECs from their renewable energy generation facilities. The carrying value of RECs created from their renewable energy generation facilities is initially recorded at zero value and purchased RECs are initially recorded based on their purchase price. When RECs are consumed to satisfy an obligation to deliver RECs to meet a state's Renewable Portfolio Standard Obligation or when RECs are sold to third parties, they are removed from the Balance Sheet at their weighted-average carrying value. Since the economic benefits of RECs are not diminished until they are consumed, RECs are not amortized; rather, they are expensed when consumed or a gain or loss is recognized when sold. Such expense is included in "Energy purchases" on the Statements of Income. Gains and losses on the sale of RECs are included in "Other operation and maintenance" on the Statements of Income.

 

PPL, PPL Energy Supply, LKE, LG&E and KU account for emission allowances as intangible assets. PPL, PPL Energy Supply, LKE, LG&E and KU are allocated emission allowances by states based on their generation facilities' historical emissions experience, and have purchased emission allowances generally when it is expected that additional allowances will be needed. The carrying value of allocated emission allowances is initially recorded at zero value and purchased allowances are initially recorded based on their purchase price. When consumed or sold, emission allowances are removed from the Balance Sheet at their weighted-average carrying value. Since the economic benefits of emission allowances are not diminished until they are consumed, emission allowances are not amortized; rather, they are expensed when consumed or a gain or loss is recognized when sold. Such expense is included in "Fuel" on the Statements of Income. Gains and losses on the sale of emission allowances are included in "Other operation and maintenance" on the Statements of Income.

Asset Retirement Obligations

Asset Retirement Obligations

 

PPL and its subsidiaries record liabilities to reflect various legal obligations associated with the retirement of long-lived assets. Initially, this obligation is measured at fair value and offset with an increase in the value of the capitalized asset, which is depreciated over the asset's useful life. Until the obligation is settled, the liability is increased to reflect changes in the obligation due to the passage of time through the recognition of accretion expense classified within "Other operation and maintenance" on the Statements of Income. The accretion and depreciation related to LG&E's and KU's AROs are offset with a regulatory credit on the income statement, such that there is no earnings impact. The regulatory asset created by the regulatory credit is relieved when the ARO is settled.

 

Estimated ARO costs and settlement dates, which affect the carrying value of the ARO and the related capitalized asset, are reviewed periodically to ensure that any material changes are incorporated into the latest estimate of the ARO. Any change to the capitalized asset, positive or negative, is amortized over the remaining life of the associated long-lived asset. See Note 21 for additional information on AROs.

Compensation and Benefits

Compensation and Benefits

 

Defined Benefits (PPL, PPL Energy Supply, PPL Electric, LKE, LG&E and KU)

 

Certain PPL subsidiaries sponsor various defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans. An asset or liability is recorded to recognize the funded status of all defined benefit plans with an offsetting entry to OCI or, for LG&E, KU and PPL Electric, to regulatory assets or liabilities. Consequently, the funded status of all defined benefit plans is fully recognized on the Balance Sheets.

 

The expected return on plan assets is determined based on a market-related value of plan assets, which is calculated by rolling forward the prior year market-related value with contributions, disbursements and long-term expected return on investments. One-fifth of the difference between the actual value and the expected value is added (or subtracted if negative) to the expected value to determine the new market-related value.

 

PPL uses an accelerated amortization method for the recognition of gains and losses for its defined benefit pension plans. Under the accelerated method, actuarial gains and losses in excess of 30% of the plan's projected benefit obligation are amortized on a straight-line basis over one-half of the expected average remaining service of active plan participants. Actuarial gains and losses in excess of 10% of the greater of the plan's projected benefit obligation or the market-related value of plan assets and less than 30% of the plan's projected benefit obligation are amortized on a straight-line basis over the expected average remaining service period of active plan participants.

 

See Note 13 for a discussion of defined benefits.

 

Stock-Based Compensation

 

(PPL, PPL Energy Supply, PPL Electric and LKE)

 

PPL has several stock-based compensation plans for purposes of granting stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units and performance units to certain employees as well as stock units and restricted stock units to directors. PPL grants most stock-based awards in the first quarter of each year. PPL and its subsidiaries recognize compensation expense for stock-based awards based on the fair value method. Stock options that vest in installments are valued as a single award. PPL grants stock options with an exercise price that is not less than the fair value of PPL's common stock on the date of grant. See Note 12 for a discussion of stock-based compensation. All awards are recorded as equity or a liability on the Balance Sheets. Stock-based compensation is primarily included in "Other operation and maintenance" on the Statements of Income. Stock-based compensation expense for PPL Energy Supply, PPL Electric and LKE includes an allocation of PPL Services' expense.

Debt Issuance Costs

Debt Issuance Costs (PPL, PPL Energy Supply, PPL Electric, LKE, LG&E and KU)

 

Debt issuance costs are deferred and amortized over the term of the related debt using the interest method or another method, generally straight-line, if the results obtained are not materially different than those that would result from the interest method.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

 

(PPL, PPL Energy Supply, PPL Electric, LKE, LG&E and KU)

 

PPL and its domestic subsidiaries file a consolidated U.S. federal income tax return. Prior to PPL's acquisition of LKE, LKE and its subsidiaries were included in E.ON US Investments Corp.'s consolidated U.S. federal income tax return.

 

Significant management judgment is required in developing the Registrants' provision for income taxes, primarily due to the uncertainty related to tax positions taken or expected to be taken in tax returns and the determination of deferred tax assets, liabilities and valuation allowances.

 

Significant management judgment is also required to determine the amount of benefit to be recognized in relation to an uncertain tax position. The Registrants use a two-step process to evaluate tax positions. The first step requires an entity to determine whether, based on the technical merits supporting a particular tax position, it is more likely than not (greater than a 50% chance) that the tax position will be sustained. This determination assumes that the relevant taxing authority will examine the tax position and is aware of all the relevant facts surrounding the tax position. The second step requires an entity to recognize in the financial statements the benefit of a tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition criterion. The benefit recognized is measured at the largest amount of benefit that has a likelihood of realization, upon settlement, that exceeds 50%. The amounts ultimately paid upon resolution of issues raised by taxing authorities may differ materially from the amounts accrued and may materially impact the financial statements of the Registrants in future periods.

 

Deferred income taxes reflect the net future tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for accounting purposes and their basis for income tax purposes, as well as the tax effects of net operating losses and tax credit carryforwards.

 

The Registrants record valuation allowances to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts that are more likely than not to be realized. The Registrants consider the reversal of temporary differences, future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning strategies in initially recording and subsequently reevaluating the need for valuation allowances. If the Registrants determine that they are able to realize deferred tax assets in the future in excess of recorded net deferred tax assets, adjustments to the valuation allowances increase income by reducing tax expense in the period that such determination is made. Likewise, if the Registrants determine that they are not able to realize all or part of net deferred tax assets in the future, adjustments to the valuation allowances would decrease income by increasing tax expense in the period that such determination is made.

 

The Registrants defer investment tax credits when the credits are utilized and amortize the deferred amounts over the average lives of the related assets.

 

The Registrants recognize interest and penalties in "Income Taxes" on their Statements of Income.

 

See Note 5 for additional discussion regarding income taxes.

 

(PPL, PPL Electric, LKE, LG&E and KU)

 

The provision for PPL, PPL Electric, LKE, LG&E and KU's deferred income taxes for regulated assets is based upon the ratemaking principles reflected in rates established by the regulators. The difference in the provision for deferred income taxes for regulated assets and the amount that otherwise would be recorded under GAAP is deferred and included on the Balance Sheet in noncurrent "Regulatory assets" or "Regulatory liabilities."

 

(PPL Energy Supply, PPL Electric, LKE, LG&E and KU)

 

The income tax provision for PPL Energy Supply, PPL Electric, LKE, LG&E and KU is calculated in accordance with an intercompany tax sharing agreement which provides that taxable income be calculated as if PPL Energy Supply, PPL Electric, LKE, LG&E, KU and any domestic subsidiaries each filed a separate return. Tax benefits are not shared between companies. The entity that generates a tax benefit is the entity that is entitled to the tax benefit. The effect of PPL filing a consolidated tax return is taken into account in the settlement of current taxes and the recognition of deferred taxes. At December 31, the following intercompany tax receivables (payables) were recorded.

Taxes, Other Than Income

Taxes, Other Than Income (PPL, PPL Energy Supply, PPL Electric, LKE, LG&E and KU)

 

The Registrants present sales taxes in "Other current liabilities" and PPL presents value-added taxes in "Taxes" on the Balance Sheets. These taxes are not reflected on the Statements of Income. See Note 5 for details on taxes included in "Taxes, other than income" on the Statements of Income.

Leases

Leases

 

(PPL, PPL Energy Supply, PPL Electric, LKE, LG&E and KU)

 

The Registrants evaluate whether arrangements entered into contain leases for accounting purposes. See Note 11 for a discussion of arrangements under which PPL Energy Supply, LG&E and KU are lessees for accounting purposes.

Fuel, Materials and Supplies

Fuel, Materials and Supplies

 

(PPL, PPL Energy Supply, PPL Electric, LKE, LG&E and KU)

 

Fuel, natural gas stored underground and materials and supplies are valued at the lower of cost or market using the average cost method. Fuel costs for electric generation are charged to expense as used. For LG&E, natural gas supply costs are charged to expense as delivered to the distribution system. See Note 6 for further discussion of the fuel adjustment clause and gas supply clause.

Guarantees

Guarantees (PPL, PPL Energy Supply, PPL Electric, LKE, LG&E and KU)

 

Generally, the initial measurement of a guarantee liability is the fair value of the guarantee at its inception. However, there are certain guarantees excluded from the scope of accounting guidance and other guarantees that are not subject to the initial recognition and measurement provisions of accounting guidance that only require disclosure. See Note 15 for further discussion of recorded and unrecorded guarantees.

Treasury Stock

Treasury Stock (PPL and PPL Electric)

 

PPL and PPL Electric restore all shares of common stock acquired to authorized but unissued shares of common stock upon acquisition.

Foreign Currency Translation

Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions (PPL)

 

WPD's functional currency is the GBP, which is the local currency in the U.K. As such, assets and liabilities are translated to U.S. dollars at the exchange rates on the date of consolidation and related revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates prevailing during the period included in PPL's results of operations. Adjustments resulting from foreign currency translation are recorded in OCI.

 

Gains or losses relating to foreign currency transactions are recognized in "Other Income (Expense) - net" on the Statements of Income. See Note 17 for additional information.

PPL Electric Utilities Corp [Member]
 
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]  
Regulation

Regulation

 

(PPL, PPL Electric, LKE, LG&E and KU)

 

PPL Electric, LG&E and KU are cost-based rate-regulated utilities for which rates are set by regulators to enable PPL Electric, LG&E and KU to recover the costs of providing electric or gas service, as applicable, and to provide a reasonable return to shareholders. Rates are generally established based on a historical test period adjusted to exclude unusual or nonrecurring items. As a result, the financial statements are subject to the accounting for certain types of regulation as prescribed by GAAP and reflect the effects of regulatory actions. Regulatory assets are recognized for the effect of transactions or events where future recovery of underlying costs is probable in regulated customer rates. The effect of such accounting is to defer certain or qualifying costs that would otherwise currently be charged to expense. Regulatory liabilities are recognized for amounts expected to be returned through future regulated customer rates. In certain cases, regulatory liabilities are recorded based on an understanding or agreement with the regulator that rates have been set to recover costs that are expected to be incurred in the future, and the regulated entity is accountable for any amounts charged pursuant to such rates and not yet expended for the intended purpose. The accounting for regulatory assets and liabilities is based on specific ratemaking decisions or precedent for each transaction or event as prescribed by the FERC or the applicable state regulatory commissions. See Note 6 for additional details regarding regulatory matters.

Accounting Records [Policy Text Block]

Accounting Records (PPL, PPL Electric, LKE, LG&E and KU)

 

The system of accounts for domestic regulated entities is maintained in accordance with the Uniform System of Accounts prescribed by the FERC and adopted by the applicable state regulatory commissions.

Treasury Stock

Treasury Stock (PPL and PPL Electric)

 

PPL and PPL Electric restore all shares of common stock acquired to authorized but unissued shares of common stock upon acquisition.

LG And E And KU Energy LLC [Member]
 
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]  
Regulation

Regulation

 

(PPL, PPL Electric, LKE, LG&E and KU)

 

PPL Electric, LG&E and KU are cost-based rate-regulated utilities for which rates are set by regulators to enable PPL Electric, LG&E and KU to recover the costs of providing electric or gas service, as applicable, and to provide a reasonable return to shareholders. Rates are generally established based on a historical test period adjusted to exclude unusual or nonrecurring items. As a result, the financial statements are subject to the accounting for certain types of regulation as prescribed by GAAP and reflect the effects of regulatory actions. Regulatory assets are recognized for the effect of transactions or events where future recovery of underlying costs is probable in regulated customer rates. The effect of such accounting is to defer certain or qualifying costs that would otherwise currently be charged to expense. Regulatory liabilities are recognized for amounts expected to be returned through future regulated customer rates. In certain cases, regulatory liabilities are recorded based on an understanding or agreement with the regulator that rates have been set to recover costs that are expected to be incurred in the future, and the regulated entity is accountable for any amounts charged pursuant to such rates and not yet expended for the intended purpose. The accounting for regulatory assets and liabilities is based on specific ratemaking decisions or precedent for each transaction or event as prescribed by the FERC or the applicable state regulatory commissions. See Note 6 for additional details regarding regulatory matters.

Accounting Records [Policy Text Block]

Accounting Records (PPL, PPL Electric, LKE, LG&E and KU)

 

The system of accounts for domestic regulated entities is maintained in accordance with the Uniform System of Accounts prescribed by the FERC and adopted by the applicable state regulatory commissions.

Louisville Gas And Electric Co [Member]
 
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]  
Regulation

Regulation

 

(PPL, PPL Electric, LKE, LG&E and KU)

 

PPL Electric, LG&E and KU are cost-based rate-regulated utilities for which rates are set by regulators to enable PPL Electric, LG&E and KU to recover the costs of providing electric or gas service, as applicable, and to provide a reasonable return to shareholders. Rates are generally established based on a historical test period adjusted to exclude unusual or nonrecurring items. As a result, the financial statements are subject to the accounting for certain types of regulation as prescribed by GAAP and reflect the effects of regulatory actions. Regulatory assets are recognized for the effect of transactions or events where future recovery of underlying costs is probable in regulated customer rates. The effect of such accounting is to defer certain or qualifying costs that would otherwise currently be charged to expense. Regulatory liabilities are recognized for amounts expected to be returned through future regulated customer rates. In certain cases, regulatory liabilities are recorded based on an understanding or agreement with the regulator that rates have been set to recover costs that are expected to be incurred in the future, and the regulated entity is accountable for any amounts charged pursuant to such rates and not yet expended for the intended purpose. The accounting for regulatory assets and liabilities is based on specific ratemaking decisions or precedent for each transaction or event as prescribed by the FERC or the applicable state regulatory commissions. See Note 6 for additional details regarding regulatory matters.

Accounting Records [Policy Text Block]

Accounting Records (PPL, PPL Electric, LKE, LG&E and KU)

 

The system of accounts for domestic regulated entities is maintained in accordance with the Uniform System of Accounts prescribed by the FERC and adopted by the applicable state regulatory commissions.

Kentucky Utilities Co [Member]
 
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]  
Regulation

Regulation

 

(PPL, PPL Electric, LKE, LG&E and KU)

 

PPL Electric, LG&E and KU are cost-based rate-regulated utilities for which rates are set by regulators to enable PPL Electric, LG&E and KU to recover the costs of providing electric or gas service, as applicable, and to provide a reasonable return to shareholders. Rates are generally established based on a historical test period adjusted to exclude unusual or nonrecurring items. As a result, the financial statements are subject to the accounting for certain types of regulation as prescribed by GAAP and reflect the effects of regulatory actions. Regulatory assets are recognized for the effect of transactions or events where future recovery of underlying costs is probable in regulated customer rates. The effect of such accounting is to defer certain or qualifying costs that would otherwise currently be charged to expense. Regulatory liabilities are recognized for amounts expected to be returned through future regulated customer rates. In certain cases, regulatory liabilities are recorded based on an understanding or agreement with the regulator that rates have been set to recover costs that are expected to be incurred in the future, and the regulated entity is accountable for any amounts charged pursuant to such rates and not yet expended for the intended purpose. The accounting for regulatory assets and liabilities is based on specific ratemaking decisions or precedent for each transaction or event as prescribed by the FERC or the applicable state regulatory commissions. See Note 6 for additional details regarding regulatory matters.

Accounting Records [Policy Text Block]

Accounting Records (PPL, PPL Electric, LKE, LG&E and KU)

 

The system of accounts for domestic regulated entities is maintained in accordance with the Uniform System of Accounts prescribed by the FERC and adopted by the applicable state regulatory commissions.