Benefit Plans

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Benefit Plans [Abstract]

Benefit Plans

Note 15.  Benefit Plans

Pension Plans – The Company has several non-contributory defined benefit plans for eligible employees. Benefits for certain plans are determined annually based on a specified percentage of annual earnings (based on the participant’s age or years of service) and a specified interest rate (which is established annually for all participants) applied to accrued balances. The benefits for another plan which covers salaried employees are based on formulas which include, among others, years of service and average pay. The Company’s funding policy is to make contributions in accordance with applicable governmental regulatory requirements.

Other Postretirement Benefit Plans – The Company has several postretirement benefit plans covering eligible employees and retirees. Participants generally become eligible after reaching age 55 with required years of service. Actual requirements for coverage vary by plan. Benefits for retirees who were covered by bargaining agreements vary by each unit and contract. Benefits for certain retirees are in the form of a Company health care account.

Benefits for retirees reaching age 65 are generally integrated with Medicare. Other retirees, based on plan provisions, must use Medicare as their primary coverage, with the Company reimbursing a portion of the unpaid amount; or are reimbursed for the Medicare Part B premium or have no Company coverage. The benefits provided by the Company are basically health and, for certain retirees, life insurance type benefits.

The Company funds certain of these benefit plans and accrues postretirement benefits during the active service of those employees who would become eligible for such benefits when they retire. The Company uses December 31 as the measurement date for their plans.

Weighted average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations:

	Pension Benefits			Other Postretirement Benefits
December 31	2020	2019	2018	2020	2019	2018
Discount rate	2.1%	3.0%	4.1%	2.2%	3.0%	4.1%
Interest crediting rate	3.0%	3.7%	3.8%
Rate of compensation increase	0.0% to 3.0%	3.0% to 5.5%	3.9% to 5.5%

Weighted average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost:

	Pension Benefits			Other Postretirement Benefits
Year Ended December 31	2020	2019	2018	2020	2019	2018
Discount rate	3.0%	4.0%	3.6%	2.9%	4.0%	3.4%
Expected long term rate of return on plan assets	7.2%	7.5%	7.5%	3.6%	3.6%	5.3%
Interest crediting rate	3.7%	3.7%	3.7%
Rate of compensation increase	0.0% to 3.0%	3.0% to 5.5%	3.9% to 5.5%

In determining the discount rate assumption, current market and liability information is utilized, including a discounted cash flow analysis of the pension and postretirement obligations. In particular, the basis for the discount rate selection was the yield on indices of highly rated fixed income debt securities with durations comparable to that of our plan liabilities. The yield curve was applied to expected future retirement plan payments to adjust the discount rate to reflect the cash flow characteristics of the plans. The yield curves and indices evaluated in the selection of the discount rate are comprised of high quality corporate bonds that are rated AA by an accepted rating agency.

The expected long term rate of return for plan assets is determined based on widely-accepted capital market principles, long term return analysis for global fixed income and equity markets as well as the active total return oriented portfolio management style. Long term trends are evaluated relative to market factors such as inflation, interest rates and fiscal and monetary policies, in order to assess the capital market assumptions as applied to the plan. Consideration of diversification needs and rebalancing is maintained.

Assumed health care cost trend rates:

December 31	2020		2019		2018
Health care cost trend rate assumed for next year	4.0% to 7.5%		4.0% to 8.0%		4.0% to 6.5%
Rate to which the cost trend rate is assumed to decline (the ultimate trend rate)	4.0% to 5.0%		4.0% to 5.0%		4.0% to 5.0%
Year that the rate reaches the ultimate trend rate		2021-2026		2021-2026		2019-2022

Net periodic (benefit) cost components:

	Pension Benefits									Other Postretirement Benefits
Year Ended December 31	2020			2019			2018			2020			2019			2018
(In millions)
Service cost	$	3		$	7		$	8								$	1
Interest cost		92			117			110		$	2		$	2			2
Expected return on plan assets		(173	)		(159	)		(179	)		(3	)		(3	)		(5	)
Amortization of unrecognized net loss		48			45			42			(1	)		(1	)		(1	)
Amortization of unrecognized prior service benefit																	(2	)
Settlements and curtailments		10			1			9			(1	)
Net periodic (benefit) cost	$	(20	)	$	11		$	(10	)	$	(3	)	$	(2	)	$	(5	)

The following provides a reconciliation of benefit obligations and plan assets:

	Pension Benefits						Other Postretirement Benefits
	2020			2019			2020			2019
(In millions)
Change in benefit obligation:
Benefit obligation at January 1	$	3,137		$	2,919		$	52		$	53
Service cost		3			7
Interest cost		92			117			2			2
Plan participants’ contributions								4			4
Amendments					1
Actuarial loss		236			299			3			3
Benefits paid from plan assets		(189	)		(191	)		(10	)		(10	)
Settlements and curtailments		(40	)		(19	)
Foreign exchange		4			4
Benefit obligation at December 31		3,243			3,137			51			52

Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at January 1		2,576			2,304			90			85
Actual return on plan assets		327			328			8			8
Company contributions		61			146			4			3
Plan participants’ contributions								4			4
Benefits paid from plan assets		(189	)		(191	)		(10	)		(10	)
Settlements		(40	)		(15	)
Foreign exchange		4			4
Fair value of plan assets at December 31		2,739			2,576			96			90
Funded status	$	(504	)	$	(561	)	$	45		$	38

	Pension Benefits						Other Postretirement Benefits
	2020			2019			2020			2019
(In millions)
Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets consist of:
Other assets	$	4		$	5		$	61		$	54
Other liabilities		(508	)		(566	)		(16	)		(16	)
Net amount recognized	$	(504	)	$	(561	)	$	45		$	38

Amounts recognized in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), not yet recognized in net periodic (benefit) cost:
Prior service credit								$	(1	)
Net actuarial loss	$	1,169	$	1,144	$	(5	)		(4	)
Net amount recognized	$	1,169	$	1,144	$	(5	)	$	(5	)

Information for plans with projected and accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets:
Projected benefit obligation	$	3,103	$	3,021
Accumulated benefit obligation		3,096		3,014	$	16	$	16
Fair value of plan assets		2,596		2,456

The benefit obligation for all defined benefit pension plans was $3.2 billion and $3.1 billion at December 31, 2020 and 2019. Changes for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 include actuarial losses of $236 million and $300 million primarily driven by changes in the discount rate used to determine the benefit obligations.

A total return approach is employed whereby a mix of equity, limited partnerships and fixed maturity securities are used to maximize the long term return of plan assets for a prudent level of risk and to manage cash flows according to plan requirements. The target allocation of plan assets is 40% to 60% invested in equity securities and limited partnerships, with the remainder primarily invested in fixed maturity securities. The intent of this strategy is to minimize expenses by generating investment returns that exceed the growth of the plan liabilities over the long run. Risk tolerance is established after careful consideration of the plan liabilities, plan funded status and corporate financial conditions. The investment portfolios contain a diversified blend of fixed maturity, equity and short term securities. Alternative investments, including limited partnerships, are used to enhance risk adjusted long term returns while improving portfolio diversification. At December 31, 2020, $192 million is committed to fund future capital calls from various third party limited partnership investments in exchange for an ownership interest in the related partnerships. Investment risk is monitored through annual liability measurements, periodic asset/liability studies and quarterly investment portfolio reviews.

The table below presents the estimated future minimum benefit payments at December 31, 2020.

			Other
	Pension		Postretirement
Expected future benefit payments	Benefits		Benefits
(In millions)
2021	$	222	$	4
2022		215		4
2023		218		4
2024		212		3
2025		211		3
2026 – 2030		974		13

In 2021, it is expected that contributions of approximately $20 million will be made to pension plans and $2 million to postretirement health care and life insurance benefit plans.

Pension plan assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below.

December 31, 2020	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
(In millions)
Plan assets at fair value:
Fixed maturity securities:
Corporate and other bonds			$	643	$	9	$	652
States, municipalities and political subdivisions				32				32
Asset-backed				98				98
Total fixed maturities	$	-		773		9		782
Equity securities		785		137				922
Short term investments		37		38				75
Fixed income mutual funds		139						139
Other assets				8				8
Total plan assets at fair value	$	961	$	956	$	9	$	1,926
Plan assets at net asset value: (a)
Limited partnerships								813
Total plan assets	$	961	$	956	$	9	$	2,739

December 31, 2019	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
(In millions)
Plan assets at fair value:
Fixed maturity securities:
Corporate and other bonds			$	587	$	10	$	597
States, municipalities and political subdivisions				51				51
Asset-backed				154				154
Total fixed maturities	$	-		792		10		802
Equity securities		541		128				669
Short term investments		74		7				81
Fixed income mutual funds		128						128
Other assets		11		9				20
Total plan assets at fair value	$	754	$	936	$	10	$	1,700
Plan assets at net asset value: (a)
Limited partnerships								876
Total plan assets	$	754	$	936	$	10	$	2,576

(a) Certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value amounts presented in this table for these investments are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented in the statement of financial position.

The limited partnership investments held within the plans are recorded at fair value, which represents the plans’ shares of the net asset value of each partnership, as determined by the general partner. Limited partnerships comprising 75% and 80% of the carrying value as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 employ hedge fund strategies that generate returns through investing in marketable securities in the public fixed income and equity markets and the remainder were primarily invested in private debt and equity. Within hedge fund strategies, approximately 69% were equity related, 27% pursued a multi-strategy approach and 4% were focused on distressed investments at December 31, 2020.

For a discussion of the valuation methodologies used to measure fixed maturity securities, equities and short term investments, see Note 4.

Other postretirement benefits plan assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below.

December 31, 2020	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities:
Corporate and other bonds			$	24			$	24
States, municipalities and political subdivisions				14				14
Asset-backed				33				33
Total fixed maturities	$	-		71		-	$	71
Short term investments		5						5
Fixed income mutual funds		20						20
Total	$	25	$	71	$	-	$	96

December 31, 2019
Fixed maturity securities:
Corporate and other bonds			$	22			$	22
States, municipalities and political subdivisions				16				16
Asset-backed				31				31
Total fixed maturities	$	-		69		-	$	69
Short term investments		3						3
Fixed income mutual funds		18						18
Total	$	21	$	69	$	-	$	90

There were no Level 3 assets at December 31, 2020 and 2019.

Savings Plans – The Company has several contributory savings plans which allow employees to make regular contributions based upon a percentage of their salaries. Matching contributions are made up to specified percentages of employees’ contributions. Employer contributions to these plans amounted to $90 million, $102 million and $100 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018.

Stock-based Compensation – In 2016, shareholders approved the Loews Corporation 2016 Incentive Compensation Plan (the “2016 Loews Plan”) which replaced a previously existing plan. The aggregate number of shares of Loews Corporation common stock authorized under the 2016 Loews Plan is 6,000,000 shares, plus up to 3,000,000 shares that may be forfeited under the prior plan. The maximum number of shares of Loews Corporation common stock with respect to which awards may be granted to any individual in any calendar year is 500,000 shares. In accordance with the 2016 Loews Plan and the prior equity plan, Loews Corporation stock-based compensation consists of the following:

SARs:  SARs were granted under the prior equity plan. The exercise price per share may not be less than the fair market value of the common stock on the date of grant. Generally, SARs vest ratably over a four-year period and expire in ten years.

Time-based Restricted Stock Units:  Time-based restricted stock units (“RSUs”) are granted under the 2016 Loews Plan and represent the right to receive one share of Loews Corporation common stock for each vested RSU. Generally, RSUs vest 50% on the second anniversary of the grant date and 50% on the third anniversary of the grant date.

Performance-based Restricted Stock Units:  Performance-based RSUs (“PSUs”) are granted under the 2016 Loews Plan and represent the right to receive one share of Loews Corporation common stock for each vested PSU, subject to the achievement of specified performance goals by the Company. Generally, performance-based RSUs vest, if performance goals are satisfied, 50% on the second anniversary of the grant date and 50% on the third anniversary of the grant date.

In 2020, Loews Corporation granted an aggregate of 219,571 RSUs and PSUs at a weighted average grant-date fair value of $49.99 per unit. No RSUs were forfeited during the year. 2,062,256 SARs were outstanding at December 31, 2020 with a weighted average exercise price of $41.65.

The Company recognized compensation expense that decreased net income by $37 million, $37 million and $35 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018. Several of Loews Corporation’s subsidiaries also maintain their own stock-based compensation plans. Such amounts include Loews Corporation’s share of expense related to these plans.