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STOCK PLANS
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2014
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]  
STOCK PLANS
STOCK PLANS
On April 28, 2006, the shareholders of the Company approved the 2006 Equity and Performance Incentive Plan, as amended ("EPI Plan"), which replaced the 1998 Stock Plan, as amended and restated in May 2003. The EPI Plan provides for the granting of options, appreciation rights, restricted shares, restricted stock units and performance-based awards up to an additional 6,000,000 of the Company's common shares. In addition, on April 28, 2006, the shareholders of the Company approved the 2006 Stock Plan for Non-Employee Directors, as amended ("Director Plan"), which replaced the Stock Option Plan for Non-Employee Directors adopted in 2000. The Director Plan provides for the granting of options, restricted shares and restricted stock units up to an additional 600,000 of the Company's common shares. At December 31, 2014, there were 2,330,493 common shares available for future grant under all plans.
Stock Options
The following table summarizes stock option activity for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, under all Plans:
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
 
Options
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
 
Options
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
 
Options
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
Balance at beginning of year
 
2,452,648

 
$
36.52

 
3,060,944

 
$
30.98

 
3,632,463

 
$
26.05

Options granted
 
5,121

 
69.61

 
273,105

 
70.88

 
412,980

 
47.66

Options exercised
 
(329,986
)
 
27.63

 
(774,783
)
 
26.20

 
(962,029
)
 
19.52

Options canceled
 
(40,590
)
 
47.21

 
(106,618
)
 
40.54

 
(22,470
)
 
24.07

Balance at end of year
 
2,087,193

 
37.80

 
2,452,648

 
36.52

 
3,060,944

 
30.98

Exercisable at end of year
 
1,818,218

 
33.89

 
1,837,014

 
29.93

 
2,208,455

 
27.19


Options granted under both the EPI Plan and its predecessor plans may be outstanding for a maximum of 10 years from the date of grant. The majority of options granted vest ratably over a period of three years from the grant date. The exercise prices of all options were equal to the quoted market price of the Company's common shares at the date of grant. The Company issued shares of common stock from treasury upon all exercises of stock options in 2014, 2013 and 2012.
The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model for estimating fair values of options. In estimating the fair value of options granted, the expected option life is based on the Company's historical experience. The expected volatility is based on historical volatility. The weighted average assumptions for each of the three years ended December 31, 2014 were as follows:
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
Expected volatility
 
32.21
%
 
32.97
%
 
45.67
%
Dividend yield
 
1.41
%
 
1.40
%
 
1.66
%
Risk-free interest rate
 
1.61
%
 
1.52
%
 
0.70
%
Expected option life (years)
 
4.4

 
4.4

 
4.5

Weighted average fair value per option granted during the year
 
$
17.52

 
$
18.14

 
$
15.87


The following table summarizes non-vested stock options for the year ended December 31, 2014:
 
 
Year Ended December 31, 2014
 
 
Number of
Options
 
Weighted
Average Fair
Value at Grant
Date
Balance at beginning of year
 
615,634

 
$
16.32

Granted
 
5,121

 
17.52

Vested
 
(326,596
)
 
15.63

Forfeited
 
(25,184
)
 
13.17

Balance at end of year
 
268,975

 
17.48


The aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding and exercisable which would have been received by the optionees had all awards been exercised at December 31, 2014 was $65,873 and $64,161, respectively. The total intrinsic value of awards exercised during 2014, 2013 and 2012 was $14,647, $26,288 and $25,936, respectively. The total fair value of options that vested during 2014, 2013 and 2012 was $5,104, $5,131 and $4,791, respectively.
The following table summarizes information about awards outstanding as of December 31, 2014:
 
 
Outstanding
 
Exercisable
 
 
Exercise Price Range
 
Number of
Stock
Options
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
 
Number of
Stock
Options
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
 
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Life (years)
Under $29.99
 
572,351

 
$
24.14

 
572,351

 
$
24.14

 
4.2
$30.00 - $39.99
 
917,607

 
33.21

 
917,272

 
33.21

 
5.4
Over $40.00
 
597,235

 
57.94

 
328,595

 
52.75

 
8.1
 
 
2,087,193

 
 

 
1,818,218

 
 

 
5.5

Restricted Share Awards ("RSAs")
The following table summarizes restricted share award activity for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, under all Plans:
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
 
Shares
 
Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
 
Shares
 
Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
 
Shares
 
Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Balance at beginning of year
 
115,316

 
$
39.55

 
336,808

 
$
28.49

 
379,233

 
$
28.06

Shares granted
 
14,927

 
66.32

 
14,464

 
70.88

 
20,099

 
47.81

Shares vested
 
(80,753
)
 
31.88

 
(224,021
)
 
25.68

 
(62,524
)
 
32.10

Shares forfeited
 

 

 
(11,935
)
 
25.76

 

 

Balance at end of year
 
49,490

 
60.14

 
115,316

 
39.55

 
336,808

 
28.49


RSAs are valued at the quoted market price on the grant date. The majority of RSAs vest over a period of three to five years. The Company issued common shares from treasury upon the granting of RSAs in 2014, 2013 and 2012. All restricted shares issued in 2014, 2013 and 2012, were under the the Director Plan. The remaining weighted average life of all non-vested RSAs is 1.8 years as of December 31, 2014.

Restricted Stock Units ("RSUs")
The following table summarizes restricted stock unit activity for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, under all Plans:
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
 
Units
 
Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
 
Units
 
Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
 
Units
 
Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Balance at beginning of year
 
283,944

 
$
47.38

 
288,669

 
$
40.83

 
166,519

 
$
34.55

Units granted
 
2,861

 
70.71

 
69,925

 
67.17

 
133,944

 
47.97

Units vested
 
(40,035
)
 
36.59

 
(33,698
)
 
39.20

 
(10,499
)
 
33.06

Units forfeited
 
(5,274
)
 
52.19

 
(40,952
)
 
41.70

 
(1,295
)
 
35.55

Balance at end of year
 
241,496

 
49.34

 
283,944

 
47.38

 
288,669

 
40.83


RSUs are valued at the quoted market price on the grant date. The majority of RSUs vest over a period of three to five years. The Company will issue shares of common stock from treasury upon the vesting of RSUs and any earned dividend equivalents. Conversion of 17,131 RSUs to common shares in 2014 were deferred as part of the 2005 Deferred Compensation Plan for Executives (the "2005 Plan"). As of December 31, 2014, 46,375 RSUs, including related dividend equivalents, have been deferred under the 2005 Plan. These units are reflected within dilutive shares in the calculation of earnings per share. All RSUs issued in 2014, 2013 and 2012, were under the the EPI Plan. The remaining weighted average life of all non-vested RSUs is 3.2 years as of December 31, 2014.
Stock-Based Compensation Expense
Expense is recognized for all awards of stock-based compensation by allocating the aggregate grant date fair value over the vesting period. No expense is recognized for any stock options, restricted or deferred shares or restricted stock units ultimately forfeited because recipients fail to meet vesting requirements. Total stock-based compensation expense recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income for 2014, 2013 and 2012 was $8,416, $9,734 and $8,961, respectively. The related tax benefit for 2014, 2013 and 2012 was $3,222, $3,727 and $3,409, respectively. As of December 31, 2014, total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to non-vested stock options, restricted shares and restricted stock units was $12,452, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 3.0 years.
Lincoln Stock Purchase Plan
The 1995 Lincoln Stock Purchase Plan provides employees the ability to purchase open market shares on a commission-free basis up to a limit of ten thousand dollars annually. Under this plan, 800,000 shares have been authorized to be purchased. Shares purchased were 5,511 in 2014, 4,653 in 2013 and 4,908 in 2012.