Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

The following table summarizes the activity related to each component of other comprehensive income (loss):



(Amounts presented net of taxes)	Foreign Currency Translation Gains (Losses)		Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Available-For-Sale Securities		Retirement Benefit Plans		Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Cash Flow Hedges		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Beginning balance at January 1, 2021	$	(1,427.5)	$	14.8	$	(4,751.0)	$	(332.7)	$	(6,496.4)

Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	(122.7)		(11.9)		1,823.4		106.6		1,795.4
Net amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	—		0.8		344.0		13.1		357.9
Net other comprehensive income (loss)	(122.7)		(11.1)		2,167.4		119.7		2,153.3



Balance at December 31, 2021	(1,550.2)		3.7		(2,583.6)		(213.0)		(4,343.1)


Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	(324.4)		(52.2)		291.5		332.8		247.7
Net amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	0.4		11.4		229.8		9.2		250.8
Net other comprehensive income (loss)	(324.0)		(40.8)		521.3		342.0		498.5

Balance at December 31, 2022	(1,874.2)		(37.1)		(2,062.3)		129.0		(3,844.6)

Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	78.9		10.1		(686.9)		79.7		(518.2)
Net amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	(23.7)		0.8		51.9		6.8		35.8
Net other comprehensive income (loss)	55.2		10.9		(635.0)		86.5		(482.4)

Ending balance at December 31, 2023	$	(1,819.0)	$	(26.2)	$	(2,697.3)	$	215.5	$	(4,327.0)

The tax effects on the net activity related to each component of other comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, were as follows:


Tax benefit (expense)	2023		2022		2021
Foreign currency translation gains/losses	$	81.0	$	(75.9)	$	(136.2)
Net unrealized gains/losses on available-for-sale securities	(3.2)		12.4		4.7
Retirement benefit plans	141.5		(95.6)		(532.0)
Net unrealized gains/losses on cash flow hedges	(23.0)		(90.9)		(31.8)
Benefit (expense) for income taxes related to other comprehensive income (loss)	$	196.3	$	(250.0)	$	(695.3)

Except for the tax effects of foreign currency translation gains and losses related to our foreign currency-denominated notes, cross-currency interest rate swaps, and other foreign currency exchange contracts designated as net investment hedges (see Note 7), income taxes were not provided for foreign currency translation. Generally, the assets and liabilities of foreign operations are translated into U.S. dollars using the current exchange rate. For those operations, changes in exchange rates generally do not affect cash flows; therefore, resulting translation adjustments are made in shareholders' equity rather than in the consolidated statements of operations.

Reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive loss were as follows:


	Year Ended December 31,						Affected Line Item in the Consolidated Statements of Operations
	2023		2022		2021
Amortization of retirement benefit items:
Prior service benefits, net	$	(50.5)	$	(52.4)	$	(55.4)	Other—net, (income) expense
Actuarial losses	116.2		343.3		490.9		Other—net, (income) expense
Total before tax	65.7		290.9		435.5
Tax benefit	(13.8)		(61.1)		(91.5)		Income taxes
Net of tax	51.9		229.8		344.0

Other, net of tax	(16.1)		21.0		13.9		Other—net, (income) expense
Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax	$	35.8	$	250.8	$	357.9