Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)The following table summarizes the activity related to each component of other comprehensive income (loss): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Continuing Operations | | | | | (Amounts presented net of taxes) | Foreign Currency Translation Gains (Losses) | | Unrealized Net Gains (Losses) on Securities | | Defined Benefit Pension and Retiree Health Benefit Plans | | Effective Portion of Cash Flow Hedges | | Discontinued Operations | | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | Beginning balance at January 1, 2016 | $ | (1,315.9 | ) | | $ | 10.1 |
| | $ | (2,996.8 | ) | | $ | (218.5 | ) | | $ | (59.6 | ) | | $ | (4,580.7 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | (445.2 | ) | | 206.7 |
| | (514.3 | ) | | (2.2 | ) | | (140.8 | ) | | (895.8 | ) | Net amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss | 74.5 |
| | 7.2 |
| | 159.1 |
| | 9.8 |
| | 0.1 |
| | 250.7 |
| Net other comprehensive income (loss) | (370.7 | ) | | 213.9 |
| | (355.2 | ) | | 7.6 |
| | (140.7 | ) | | (645.1 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | Balance at December 31, 2016(1) | (1,686.6 | ) | | 224.0 |
| | (3,352.0 | ) | | (210.9 | ) | | (200.3 | ) | | (5,225.8 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | 525.6 |
| | (15.7 | ) | | (532.1 | ) | | 8.5 |
| | 127.7 |
| | 114.0 |
| Net amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss | 8.1 |
| | (110.6 | ) | | 151.9 |
| | 9.6 |
| | 1.5 |
| | 60.5 |
| Net other comprehensive income (loss) | 533.7 |
| | (126.3 | ) | | (380.2 | ) | | 18.1 |
| | 129.2 |
| | 174.5 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Reclassifications of stranded tax effects (Note 2) | (38.8 | ) | | 15.8 |
| | (579.1 | ) | | (41.5 | ) | | — |
| | (643.6 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | Balance at December 31, 2017(2) | (1,191.7 | ) | | 113.5 |
| | (4,311.3 | ) | | (234.3 | ) | | (71.1 | ) | | (5,694.9 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | Reclassification due to adoption of new accounting standard(3) | — |
| | (128.9 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (128.9 | ) | Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | (378.0 | ) | | 24.5 |
| | 250.7 |
| | (16.3 | ) | | 12.2 |
| | (106.9 | ) | Net amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss | — |
| | (31.2 | ) | | 207.9 |
| | 11.7 |
| | 2.1 |
| | 190.5 |
| Net other comprehensive income (loss) | (378.0 | ) | | (6.7 | ) | | 458.6 |
| | (4.6 | ) | | 14.3 |
| | 83.6 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Ending balance at December 31, 2018(4) | $ | (1,569.7 | ) | | $ | (22.1 | ) | | $ | (3,852.7 | ) | | $ | (238.9 | ) | | $ | (56.8 | ) | | $ | (5,740.2 | ) |
(1) Accumulated other comprehensive loss as of December 31, 2016 consists of $5.27 billion of accumulated other comprehensive loss attributable to controlling interest and $48.2 million of accumulated other comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest. (2) Accumulated other comprehensive loss as of December 31, 2017 consists of $5.72 billion of accumulated other comprehensive loss attributable to controlling interest and $23.7 million of accumulated other comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest. (3) This reclassification consists of $105.2 million of accumulated other comprehensive loss attributable to controlling interest and $23.7 million of accumulated other comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interest. Refer to Note 2 for further details regarding the reclassification due to the adoption of Accounting Standards Update 2016-01, Financial Instruments - Overall: Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. (4) Accumulated other comprehensive loss as of December 31, 2018 consists of $5.73 billion of accumulated other comprehensive loss attributable to controlling interest and $11.0 million of accumulated other comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interest. The tax effects on the net activity related to each component of other comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, were as follows: | | | | | | | | | | | | | Tax benefit (expense) | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2016 | Foreign currency translation gains/losses | $ | 51.6 |
| | $ | 170.8 |
| | $ | (70.6 | ) | Unrealized net gains/losses on securities | 2.1 |
| | 55.0 |
| | (89.2 | ) | Defined benefit pension and retiree health benefit plans | (85.3 | ) | | 186.6 |
| | 153.3 |
| Effective portion of cash flow hedges | 1.3 |
| | (9.7 | ) | | (4.1 | ) | Benefit/(provision) for income taxes allocated to other comprehensive income (loss) items | $ | (30.3 | ) | | $ | 402.7 |
| | $ | (10.6 | ) |
Except for the tax effects of foreign currency translation gains and losses related to our foreign currency-denominated notes, cross-currency interest rate swaps, and other foreign currency exchange contracts designated as net investment hedges (see Note 7), income taxes were not provided for foreign currency translation. Generally, the assets and liabilities of foreign operations are translated into U.S. dollars using the current exchange rate. For those operations, changes in exchange rates generally do not affect cash flows; therefore, resulting translation adjustments are made in shareholders' equity rather than in the consolidated statements of operations. Reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive loss were as follows: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Components | Year Ended December 31, | Affected Line Item in the Consolidated Statements of Operations | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2016 | Amortization of retirement benefit items: | | | | | | | Prior service benefits, net | $ | (74.9 | ) | | $ | (84.4 | ) | | $ | (74.1 | ) | Other—net, (income) expense | Actuarial losses | 338.6 |
| | 305.2 |
| | 304.7 |
| Other—net, (income) expense | Total before tax | 263.7 |
| | 220.8 |
| | 230.6 |
| | Tax benefit | (55.8 | ) | | (68.9 | ) | | (71.5 | ) | Income taxes | Net of tax | 207.9 |
| | 151.9 |
| | 159.1 |
| | | | | | | | | Unrealized gains/losses on available-for-sale securities: | | | | | | | Realized gains, net | (39.5 | ) | | (170.2 | ) | | (16.1 | ) | Other—net, (income) expense | Impairment losses | — |
| | — |
| | 27.3 |
| Other—net, (income) expense | Total before tax | (39.5 | ) | | (170.2 | ) | | 11.2 |
| | Tax (benefit) expense | 8.3 |
| | 59.6 |
| | (4.0 | ) | Income taxes | Net of tax | (31.2 | ) | | (110.6 | ) | | 7.2 |
| | | | | | | | | Other, net of tax(1) | 13.8 |
| | 19.2 |
| | 84.4 |
| Other—net, (income) expense | Total reclassifications for the period (net of tax) | $ | 190.5 |
| | $ | 60.5 |
| | $ | 250.7 |
| |
(1) Amount for year ended December 31, 2016 included primarily $74.5 million of foreign currency translation losses.
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