	Three months ended
	March 31,
	2019			2020
	(In millions)
Expected tax expense, at U.S. federal statutory income tax rate of 21%	$	8.9		$	10.3
Incremental net tax benefit on earnings and losses of non-U.S., U.S. and non-tax group companies		(.2	)		(1.8	)
Non-U.S. tax rates		2.3			.9
Valuation allowance		1.0			(.2	)
Adjustment to the reserve for uncertain tax positions, net		.5			.6
Global intangible low-tax income, net		.7			1.2
U.S. state income taxes and other, net		1.0			.4
Income tax expense	$	14.2		$	11.4
Comprehensive provision for income taxes allocable to:
Net income	$	14.2		$	11.4
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Currency translation		-			(4.7	)
Pension plans		1.5			1.8
Other		-			(.2	)
Total	$	15.7		$	8.3

The amount shown in the above table of our income tax rate reconciliation for non-U.S. tax rates represents the result determined by multiplying the pre-tax earnings or losses of each of our non-U.S. subsidiaries by the difference between the applicable statutory income tax rate for each non-U.S. jurisdiction and the U.S. federal statutory tax rate. The amount shown on such table for incremental net tax expense (benefit) on earnings and losses on non-U.S., U.S. and non-tax group companies includes, as applicable, (i) deferred state and non-U.S. income taxes (or deferred income tax benefits) and deferred withholding taxes, as applicable, associated with the current-year change in the aggregate amount of undistributed earnings of all of our non-U.S. subsidiaries, which earnings are not permanently reinvested , (ii) current U.S. income taxes (or current income tax benefit) attributable to current-year income (losses) of one of Kronos’ non-U.S. subsidiaries, which subsidiary is treated as a dual resident for U.S. income tax purposes, (iii) deferred income taxes associated with our direct investment in Kronos and (iv) current and deferred income taxes associated with distributions and earnings from our investments in LandWell and BMI.

On March 27, 2020, the “Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (CARES) Act” was signed into law in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The CARES Act, among other things, includes provisions relating to refundable payroll tax credits, deferment of employer-side social security payments, modifications to the limitation of business interest for tax years beginning in 2019 and 2020 and technical corrections to tax depreciation methods for qualified improvement property. The modification to the business interest provisions increases the business interest limitation from 30% of adjusted taxable income to 50% of adjusted taxable income which increases our allowable interest expense deduction for 2019 and 2020. Consequently, in the first quarter of 2020 we recognized a cash tax benefit of $1.0 million related to the reversal of the valuation allowance recognized in 2019 for the portion of the disallowed interest expense we did not expect to fully utilize at December 31, 2019. We have determined other provisions of the CARES Act will not have a material impact on our provision for income taxes in 2020.

Tax authorities may in the future propose tax deficiencies, including penalties and interest, related to examinations of our U.S. and non-U.S. income tax returns. Because of the uncertainties involved in settlement initiatives and court and tax proceedings, we cannot guarantee that these tax matters, if any, will be resolved in our favor, and therefore our potential exposure, if any, is also uncertain. We believe we have adequate accruals for additional taxes and related interest expense which could ultimately result from tax examinations. We believe the ultimate disposition of tax examinations should not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or liquidity. We currently estimate that our unrecognized tax benefits will decrease by approximately $5.5 million during the next twelve months primarily due to certain adjustments to our prior year returns and the expiration of certain statutes of limitations.