Note 13—Income taxes:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2015			2016
	(In millions)
Expected tax expense (benefit) at U.S. federal statutory income tax rate of 35%	$	7.6		$	(10.7	)
Incremental net tax on earnings and losses of non-U.S. and U.S. subsidiaries		.5			2.4
Non-U.S. tax rates		(1.1	)		.2
Adjustment to the reserve for uncertain tax positions, net		(2.7	)		.2
Nondeductible expenses		.5			.1
Domestic production activities deduction		(.8	)		(.3	)
U.S. state income taxes and other, net		.3			(.5	)
Income tax expense (benefit)	$	4.3		$	(8.6	)

Comprehensive provision for income taxes allocable to:
Net income (loss)	$	4.3		$	(8.6	)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Marketable securities		(.2	)		(.2	)
Currency translation		(16.2	)		2.8
Interest rate swap		—			(2.1	)
Pension plans		1.3			.8
OPEB plans		(.2	)		(.2	)
Total	$	(11.0	)	$	(7.5	)

The amount shown in the above table of our income tax rate reconciliation for non-U.S. tax rates represents the result determined by multiplying the pre-tax earnings or losses of each of our non-U.S. subsidiaries by the difference between the applicable statutory income tax rate for each non-U.S. jurisdiction and the U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 35%. The amount shown on such table for incremental net tax on earnings and losses on non-U.S. and U.S. subsidiaries includes, as applicable, (i) current income taxes (including withholding taxes, if applicable), if any, associated with any current-year earnings of our Chemicals Segment’s non-U.S. subsidiaries to the extent such current-year earnings were distributed to us in the current year, (ii) deferred income taxes (or deferred income tax benefit) associated with the current-year change in the aggregate amount of undistributed earnings of our Chemicals Segment’s Canadian subsidiary, which earnings are not subject to a permanent reinvestment plan, in an amount representing the current-year change in the aggregate current income tax that would be generated (including withholding taxes, if applicable) when such aggregate undistributed earnings are distributed to us, (iii) current U.S. income taxes (or current income tax benefit), including U.S. personal holding company tax, as applicable, attributable to current-year income (losses) of one of Kronos’ non-U.S. subsidiaries, which subsidiary is treated as a dual resident for U.S. income tax purposes, to the extent the current-year income (losses) of such subsidiary is subject to U.S. income tax under the U.S. dual-resident provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, (iv) deferred income taxes associated with our direct investment in Kronos (beginning in the second quarter of 2015) and (v) current and deferred income taxes associated with distributions and earnings from our investment in LandWell and BMI.

Tax authorities are examining certain of our U.S. and non-U.S. tax returns and have or may propose tax deficiencies, including penalties and interest. Because of the inherent uncertainties involved in settlement initiatives and court and tax proceedings, we cannot guarantee that these matters will be resolved in our favor, and therefore our potential exposure, if any, is also uncertain. We believe we have adequate accruals for additional taxes and related interest expense which could ultimately result from tax examinations. We believe the ultimate disposition of tax examinations should not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or liquidity.

In the first quarter of 2015, we recognized a non-cash income tax benefit of $2.7 million primarily related to the release of a portion of our reserve for uncertain tax positions due to the expiration of the applicable statute of limitations. We currently estimate that our unrecognized tax benefits will decrease by approximately $6.9 million during the next twelve months primarily due to the expiration of certain statutes of limitations.