Employee Benefit Plans (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Defined Benefit Pension Plans

Schedule of Defined Benefit Plan Expected Future Payments

Benefit payments to plan participants out of plan assets are expected to be the equivalent of:

2016	$	23.4 million
2017		23.7 million
2018		24.2 million
2019		24.7 million
2020		25.6 million
Next 5 years		141.2 million

Schedule of Changes in Plan Assets and Benefit Obligations Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The table below details the changes in other comprehensive income (loss) during 2013, 2014 and 2015.

	Years ended December 31,
	2013		2014			2015
	(In millions)
Changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive income (loss):
Net actuarial gain (loss)	$	19.8	$	(113.0	)	$	.3
Plan curtailment		7.1		—			—
Plan settlement		—		(.2	)		—
Amortization of unrecognized:
Prior service cost		1.1		.5			.4
Net transition obligations		.4		—			—
Net actuarial losses		14.2		11.3			15.4
Total	$	42.6	$	(101.4	)	$	16.1

Composition of Pension Plan Assets

The composition of our December 31, 2014 and 2015 pension plan assets by asset category and fair value level is shown in the table below. The amounts shown for plan assets invested in the CMRT include a nominal amount of cash held by our U.S. pension plan which is not part of the plan’s investment in the CMRT.

	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2014
	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	(In millions)
Germany	$	240.7	$	—	$	—	$	240.7
Canada:
Local currency equities		12.4		12.4		—		—
Foreign currency equities		34.4		34.4		—		—
Local currency fixed income		50.3		50.3		—		—
Global mutual fund		10.1		10.1		—		—
Cash and other		.6		.6		—		—
Norway:
Local currency equities		1.9		1.9		—		—
Foreign currency equities		5.1		5.1		—		—
Local currency fixed income		29.3		29.3		—		—
Foreign currency fixed income		3.8		3.8		—		—
Real estate		4.5		—		—		4.5
Cash and other		10.3		9.2		—		1.1
US —  CMRT		53.6		—		53.6		—
Other		22.1		14.3		—		7.8
Total	$	479.1	$	171.4	$	53.6	$	254.1

	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2015
	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	(In millions)
Germany	$	223.1	$	—	$	—	$	223.1
Canada:
Local currency equities		9.6		9.6		—		—
Foreign currency equities		23.3		23.3		—		—
Local currency fixed income		50.6		50.6		—		—
Global mutual fund		6.8		6.8		—		—
Cash and other		.5		.5		—		—
Norway:
Local currency equities		2.0		2.0		—		—
Foreign currency equities		3.6		3.6		—		—
Local currency fixed income		24.5		24.5		—		—
Foreign currency fixed income		4.7		4.7		—		—
Real estate		4.2		—		—		4.2
Cash and other		7.9		6.7		—		1.2
US —  CMRT		47.6		—		47.6		—
Other		21.7		14.0		—		7.7
Total	$	430.1	$	146.3	$	47.6	$	236.2

Schedule of Rollforward of Change in Fair Value of Level 3 Assets

A rollforward of the change in fair value of Level 3 assets follows.

	Years ended December 31,
	2014			2015
	(In millions)
Fair value at beginning of year	$	261.5		$	254.1
Gain on assets held at end of year		24.5			6.5
Gain on assets sold during the year		.3			.3
Assets purchased		16.9			13.7
Assets sold		(15.2	)		(12.4	)
Currency exchange rate fluctuations		(33.9	)		(26.0	)
Fair value at end of year	$	254.1		$	236.2

U.S. Defined Benefit Pension Plans

Schedule of Funded Status

The funded status of our U.S. defined benefit pension plans is presented in the table below.

	Years ended December 31,
	2014			2015
	(In millions)
Change in projected benefit obligations (“PBO”):
Balance at beginning of the year	$	62.0		$	70.2
Interest cost		2.9			2.7
Actuarial loss (gain)		9.9			(2.2	)
Benefits paid		(4.6	)		(4.1	)
Balance at end of the year	$	70.2		$	66.6
Change in plan assets:
Fair value at beginning of the year	$	54.9		$	53.6
Actual return on plan assets		2.0			(2.3	)
Employer contributions		1.3			.4
Benefits paid		(4.6	)		(4.1	)
Fair value at end of year	$	53.6		$	47.6
Funded status	$	16.6		$	19.0
Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets:
Accrued pension costs:
Current	$	(.3	)	$	(.3	)
Noncurrent		(16.3	)		(18.7	)
Total		(16.6	)		(19.0	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss—Actuarial loss		39.5			42.0
Total	$	22.9		$	23.0
Accumulated benefit obligations (“ABO”)	$	70.2		$	66.6

Components of Net Periodic Defined Benefit Cost (Credit)

The components of our net periodic defined benefit pension benefit cost (credit) for U.S. plans are presented in the table below. The amounts shown below for the amortization of unrecognized actuarial losses for 2013, 2014 and 2015 were recognized as components of our accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014, respectively, net of deferred income taxes and noncontrolling interest.

	Years ended December 31,
	2013			2014			2015
	(In millions)
Net periodic pension benefit cost (credit) for U.S. plans:
Interest cost	$	2.4		$	2.9		$	2.7
Expected return on plan assets		(4.9	)		(4.0	)		(3.9	)
Amortization of unrecognized net actuarial loss		1.6			1.2			1.7
Total	$	(.9	)	$	.1		$	.5

Schedule of Plans for which Accumulated Benefit Obligations Exceeds Plan Assets

Certain information concerning our U.S. defined benefit pension plans is presented in the table below.

	December 31,
	2014		2015
	(In millions)
Plans for which the ABO exceeds plan assets:
Projected benefit obligations	$	70.2	$	66.6
Accumulated benefit obligations		70.2		66.6
Fair value of plan assets		53.6		47.6

Summary of Actuarial Assumptions Used to Determine the Benefit Obligation and Net Benefit Cost

The weighted-average rate assumptions used in determining the net periodic pension cost for our U.S. defined benefit pension plans for 2013, 2014 and 2015 are presented in the table below. The impact of assumed increases in future compensation levels does not have an effect on the periodic pension cost as the plans are frozen with regards to compensation.

	Years ended December 31,
Rate	2013			2014			2015
Discount rate		3.6	%		4.5	%		3.8	%
Long-term return on plan assets		10.0	%		7.5	%		7.5	%

Foreign Pension Plan Defined Benefit

Schedule of Funded Status

The funded status of our foreign defined benefit pension plans is presented in the table below.

	Years ended December 31,
	2014			2015
	(In millions)
Change in PBO:
Balance at beginning of the year	$	604.9		$	659.2
Service cost		9.9			11.2
Interest cost		22.2			15.1
Participants’ contributions		2.0			1.6
Actuarial loss (gain)		122.2			(10.0	)
Change in currency exchange rates		(75.3	)		(76.9	)
Benefits paid		(26.7	)		(21.3	)
Balance at end of the year	$	659.2		$	578.9
Change in plan assets:
Fair value at beginning of the year	$	441.6		$	425.5
Actual return on plan assets		40.7			10.8
Employer contributions		20.4			17.6
Participants’ contributions		2.0			1.6
Change in currency exchange rates		(52.5	)		(51.7	)
Benefits paid		(26.7	)		(21.3	)
Fair value at end of year	$	425.5		$	382.5
Funded status	$	(233.7	)	$	(196.4	)
Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets:
Pension asset	$	—		$	1.7
Accrued pension costs:
Current		(.6	)		—
Noncurrent		(233.1	)		(198.1	)
Total		(233.7	)		(196.4	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss:
Actuarial loss		252.3			234.1
Prior service cost		2.2			1.9
Total		254.5			236.0
Total	$	20.8		$	39.6
ABO	$	627.5		$	554.4

Components of Net Periodic Defined Benefit Cost (Credit)

The components of our net periodic defined benefit pension benefit cost for our foreign plans are presented in the table below. In December 2013, we amended one of Kronos’ Canadian plans in which participation with respect to hourly workers was closed to new participants in December 2013, and existing hourly plan participants will no longer accrue additional benefits after December 2013, resulting in a $7.1 million curtailment charge for recognition of previously unamortized prior service cost and transition obligation and $.2 million for special termination benefits.

	Years ended December 31,
	2013			2014			2015
	(In millions)
Net periodic pension cost for foreign plans:
Service cost	$	13.1		$	9.9		$	11.2
Interest cost		21.6			22.2			15.1
Settlement gain		—			(.3	)		—
Curtailment loss		7.3			.1			—
Expected return on plan assets		(18.9	)		(20.6	)		(17.3	)
Amortization of unrecognized:
Prior service cost		1.1			.5			.4
Net transition obligations		.4			—			—
Net actuarial loss		12.5			10.1			13.8
Total	$	37.1		$	21.9		$	23.2

Schedule of Plans for which Accumulated Benefit Obligations Exceeds Plan Assets

Certain information concerning our foreign defined benefit pension plans is presented in the table below.

	December 31,
	2014		2015
	(In millions)
Plans for which the ABO exceeds plan assets:
Projected benefit obligations	$	632.6	$	518.1
Accumulated benefit obligations		603.4		498.7
Fair value of plan assets		401.2		321.6

Summary of Actuarial Assumptions Used to Determine the Benefit Obligation and Net Benefit Cost

A summary of our key actuarial assumptions used to determine foreign benefit obligations as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 was:

	December 31,
Rate	2014			2015
Discount rate		2.5	%		2.6	%
Increase in future compensation levels		2.6	%		2.9	%

A summary of our key actuarial assumptions used to determine foreign net periodic benefit cost for 2013, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:

	Years ended December 31,
Rate	2013			2014			2015
Discount rate		3.7	%		3.8	%		2.5	%
Increase in future compensation levels		3.1	%		2.7	%		2.6	%
Long-term return on plan assets		5.0	%		5.0	%		4.6	%

CMRT

Composition of Pension Plan Assets

The CMRT unit value is determined semi-monthly, and the plans have the ability to redeem all or any portion of their investment in the CMRT at any time based on the most recent semi-monthly valuation. However, the plans do not have the right to individual assets held by the CMRT and the CMRT has the sole discretion in determining how to meet any redemption request. For purposes of our plan asset disclosure, we consider the investment in the CMRT as a Level 2 input because (i) the CMRT value is established semi-monthly and the plans have the right to redeem their investment in the CMRT, in part or in whole, at anytime based on the most recent value and (ii) observable inputs from Level 1 or Level 2 were used to value approximately 80% and 81% of the assets of the CMRT at December 31, 2014 and 2015, respectively, as noted below. The aggregate fair value of all of the CMRT assets, including funds of Contran and its other affiliates that also invest in the CMRT, and supplemental asset mix details of the CMRT are as follows:

	December 31,
	2014			2015
	(In millions)
CMRT asset value	$	715.5		$	648.8
CMRT fair value input:
Level 1		67	%		54	%
Level 2		13			27
Level 3		20			19
		100	%		100	%
CMRT asset mix:
Domestic equities, principally publicly traded		48	%		29	%
International equities, principally publicly traded		11			22
Fixed income securities, principally publicly traded		32			38
Privately managed limited partnerships		7			5
Hedge funds		—			5
Other, primarily cash		2			1
		100	%		100	%

OPEB

Schedule of Defined Benefit Plan Expected Future Payments

Postretirement benefits other than pensions (“OPEB”). NL, Kronos and Tremont provide certain health care and life insurance benefits for their eligible retired employees. We have no OPEB plan assets, rather, we fund benefit payments as they are paid. At December 31, 2015, we expect to contribute the equivalent of approximately $1.1 million to all of our OPEB plans during 2016. Benefit payments to OPEB plan participants are expected to be the equivalent of:

2016	$	1.1 million
2017		1.1 million
2018		1.0 million
2019		1.0 million
2020		.9 million
Next 5 years		4.2 million

Schedule of Funded Status

The funded status of our OPEB plans is presented in the table below.

	Years ended December 31,
	2014			2015
	(In millions)
Actuarial present value of accumulated OPEB obligations:
Obligations at beginning of the year	$	15.1		$	15.4
Service cost		.1			.1
Interest cost		.6			.5
Actuarial loss (gain)		1.4			(.8	)
Change in currency exchange rates		(.6	)		(1.2	)
Benefits paid from employer contributions		(1.2	)		(1.1	)
Obligations at end of the year		15.4		$	12.9
Fair value of plan assets		—			—
Funded status	$	(15.4	)	$	(12.9	)
Accrued OPEB costs recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets:
Current	$	(1.3	)	$	(1.1	)
Noncurrent		(14.1	)		(11.8	)
Total		(15.4	)		(12.9	)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):
Net actuarial losses		3.2			2.4
Prior service credit		(10.6	)		(8.6	)
Total		(7.4	)		(6.2	)
Total	$	(22.8	)	$	(19.1	)

Components of Net Periodic Defined Benefit Cost (Credit)

The components of our periodic OPEB costs are presented in the table below.  The amounts shown below for amortization of prior service credit and recognized actuarial losses for 2013, 2014 and 2015 were recognized as components of our accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014, respectively, net of deferred income taxes and noncontrolling interest.

	Years ended December 31,
	2013			2014			2015
	(In millions)
Net periodic OPEB cost (credit):
Service cost	$	.3		$	.1		$	.1
Interest cost		.7			.6			.5
Curtailment gain		(.6	)		—			—
Amortization of unrecognized:
Prior service credit		(1.8	)		(2.0	)		(1.9	)
Net actuarial loss		—			(.2	)		—
Total	$	(1.4	)	$	(1.5	)	$	(1.3	)

Summary of Actuarial Assumptions Used to Determine the Benefit Obligation and Net Benefit Cost

A summary of our key actuarial assumptions used to determine the net benefit obligations as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 follows:

	December 31,
	2014			2015
Healthcare inflation:
Initial rate		7.0	%		7.0	%
Ultimate rate		5.0	%		5.0	%
Year of ultimate rate achievement		2021			2021
Discount rate		3.4	%		3.6	%

Schedule of Changes in Plan Assets and Benefit Obligations Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The amounts shown in the table above for unrecognized actuarial losses and prior service credit at December 31, 2014 and 2015 have not been recognized as components of our periodic OPEB cost as of those dates. These amounts will be recognized as components of our periodic OPEB cost in future years. These amounts, net of deferred income taxes and noncontrolling interest, are now recognized in our accumulated other comprehensive loss at December 31, 2014 and 2015.  We expect to recognize approximately $1.8 million of prior service credit and $.2 million of unrecognized actuarial losses as components of our periodic OPEB cost in 2016.  The table below details the changes in other comprehensive income (loss) during 2013, 2014 and 2015. In the fourth quarter of 2013, we amended the benefit formula for most Canadian participants of our plans effective January 1, 2014, resulting in a curtailment gain as of December 31, 2013.  Key assumptions including the service cost and benefit duration as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 now reflect these plan revisions to the benefit formula.  

	Years ended December 31,
	2013			2014			2015
	(In millions)
Changes in benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive income (loss):
Net actuarial gain (loss) arising during the year	$	2.2		$	(1.4	)	$	.8
Plan amendments/curtailment		4.5			(.2	)		—
Amortization of unrecognized prior service credit		(2.4	)		(2.0	)		(1.9	)
Total	$	4.3		$	(3.6	)	$	(1.1	)