Pension and Postretirement Expense Level 3 (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Pension and Postretirement Expense [Abstract]

Schedule of Accumulated Benefit Obligations in Excess of Fair Value of Plan Assets [Table Text Block]

The following table presents the change in benefit obligation, change in plan assets and components of funded status for the Company’s defined benefit pension and non-pension postretirement benefit plans for the years ended December 31:



	Pension Benefits												Non-Pension Postretirement Benefits
	2015						2014						2015						2014
	U.S. Plans			Non-U.S. Plans			U.S. Plans			Non-U.S. Plans			U.S. Plans			Non-U.S. Plans			U.S. Plans			Non-U.S. Plans
Change in Benefit Obligation
Benefit obligation at beginning of year	$	281		$	564		$	278		$	470		$	9		$	11		$	12		$	12
Service cost	3			16			3			14			—			—			—			—
Interest cost	10			12			11			17			—			1			1			1
Actuarial (gains) losses	(20		)	(31		)	33			142			—			(1		)	(3		)	1
Foreign currency exchange rate changes	—			(61		)	—			(68		)	—			(2		)	—			(1		)
Benefits paid	(22		)	(9		)	(17		)	(10		)	(1		)	—			(1		)	(1		)
Plan amendments	—			—			—			(2		)	(1		)	—			—			(1		)
Expenses paid from assets	(3		)	—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Plan settlements	—			—			(27		)	—			—			—			—			—
Employee contributions	—			1			—			1			—			—			—			—
Benefit obligation at end of year	$	249		$	492		$	281		$	564		$	7		$	9		$	9		$	11
Change in Plan Assets
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year	$	230		$	351		$	240		$	299		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	1
Actual return on plan assets	(4		)	(4		)	17			83			—			—			—			—
Foreign currency exchange rate changes	—			(37		)	—			(45		)	—			—			—			—
Employer contributions	9			14			13			23			1			—			1			—
Benefits paid	(22		)	(9		)	(17		)	(10		)	(1		)	—			(1		)	(1		)
Expenses paid from assets	(3		)	—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Plan settlements	—			—			(23		)	—			—			—			—			—
Employee contributions	—			1			—			1			—			—			—			—
Fair value of plan assets at end of year	210			316			230			351			—			—			—			—
Funded status of the plan at end of year	$	(39	)	$	(176	)	$	(51	)	$	(213	)	$	(7	)	$	(9	)	$	(9	)	$	(11	)

Amounts Recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheet, Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income and Other [Table Text Block]



	Pension Benefits												Non-Pension Postretirement Benefits
	2015						2014						2015						2014
	U.S. Plans			Non-U.S. Plans			U.S. Plans			Non-U.S. Plans			U.S. Plans			Non-U.S. Plans			U.S. Plans			Non-U.S. Plans
Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31 consist of:
Other current liabilities	$	(1	)	$	(5	)	$	(1	)	$	(5	)	$	(1	)	$	—		$	—		$	—
Long-term pension and post employment benefit obligations	(38		)	(171		)	(50		)	(208		)	(6		)	(9		)	(9		)	(11		)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (income)	1			(4		)	2			(4		)	(3		)	2			(3		)	1
Net amounts recognized	$	(38	)	$	(180	)	$	(49	)	$	(217	)	$	(10	)	$	(7	)	$	(12	)	$	(10	)
Amounts recognized in Accumulated other comprehensive income at December 31 consist of:
Net prior service cost (benefit)	$	1		$	(5	)	$	2		$	(5	)	$	(1	)	$	3		$	—		$	2
Deferred income taxes	—			1			—			1			(2		)	(1		)	(3		)	(1		)
Net amounts recognized	$	1		$	(4	)	$	2		$	(4	)	$	(3	)	$	2		$	(3	)	$	1
Accumulated benefit obligation	$	249		$	458		$	281		$	518
Accumulated benefit obligation for funded plans	247			308			279			342
Pension plans with underfunded or non-funded accumulated benefit obligations at December 31:
Aggregate projected benefit obligation	$	249		$	167		$	281		$	215
Aggregate accumulated benefit obligation	249			158			281			201
Aggregate fair value of plan assets	210			8			230			23
Pension plans with projected benefit obligations in excess of plan assets at December 31:
Aggregate projected benefit obligation	$	249		$	492		$	281		$	563
Aggregate fair value of plan assets	210			316			230			351

Schedule of Changes in Projected Benefit Obligations [Table Text Block]

Following are the components of net pension and postretirement (benefit) expense recognized for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013:



	Pension Benefits
	U.S. Plans									Non-U.S. Plans
	2015			2014			2013			2015			2014			2013
Service cost	$	3		$	3		$	3		$	16		$	14		$	14
Interest cost on projected benefit obligation	10			11			10			12			17			18
Expected return on assets	(15		)	(17		)	(16		)	(13		)	(15		)	(14		)
Amortization of prior service cost	—			—			—			—			—			1
Unrealized actuarial loss (gain)	—			29			(27		)	(16		)	80			(41		)
Net (benefit) expense	$	(2	)	$	26		$	(30	)	$	(1	)	$	96		$	(22	)



	Non-Pension Postretirement Benefits
	U.S. Plans								Non-U.S. Plans
	2015		2014			2013			2015			2014		2013
Service cost	$	—	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—	$	1
Interest cost on projected benefit obligation	—		1			—			1			1		1
Amortization of prior service benefit	—		—			(1		)	—			—		—
Unrealized actuarial (gain) loss	—		(4		)	(2		)	(1		)	2		(3		)
Net (benefit) expense	$	—	$	(3	)	$	(3	)	$	—		$	3	$	(1	)

Schedule of Amounts Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Table Text Block]

The following amounts were recognized in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” during the year ended December 31, 2015:



	Pension Benefits					Non-Pension Postretirement Benefits					Total
	U.S. Plans			Non-U.S. Plans		U.S. Plans			Non-U.S. Plans		U.S. Plans			Non-U.S. Plans
Prior service (benefit) cost from plan amendments	$	(1	)	$	—	$	(1	)	$	1	$	(2	)	$	1
Deferred income taxes	—			—		1			—		1			—
(Gain) loss recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax	$	(1	)	$	—	$	—		$	1	$	(1	)	$	1

Schedule of Amounts in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) to be Recognized over Next Fiscal Year [Table Text Block]

The amounts in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” that are expected to be recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost (benefit) during the next fiscal year are less than $1.

Weighted Average Rates Used to Determine the Benefit Obligations [Table Text Block]

The weighted average rates used to determine the benefit obligations were as follows at December 31, 2015 and 2014:



	Pension Benefits								Non-Pension Postretirement Benefits
	2015				2014				2015				2014
	U.S. Plans		Non-U.S. Plans		U.S. Plans		Non-U.S. Plans		U.S. Plans		Non-U.S. Plans		U.S. Plans		Non-U.S. Plans
Discount rate	4.1	%	2.3	%	3.7	%	2.2	%	3.4	%	5.5	%	3.4	%	6.1	%
Rate of increase in future compensation levels	—		2.4	%	—		3.0	%	—		—		—		—
The weighted average assumed health care cost trend rates are as follows at December 31:
Health care cost trend rate assumed for next year	—		—		—		—		7.0	%	6.2	%	7.5	%	6.3	%
Rate to which the cost trend rate is assumed to decline (the ultimate trend rate)	—		—		—		—		4.5	%	4.5	%	4.5	%	4.5	%
Year that the rate reaches the ultimate trend rate	—		—		—		—		2029		2030		2029		2030

Weighted Average Rates Used to Determine Net Periodic Pension Expense Benefit [Table Text Block]

The weighted average rates used to determine net periodic pension expense (benefit) were as follows for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013:



	Pension Benefits
	U.S. Plans						Non-U.S. Plans
	2015		2014		2013		2015		2014		2013
Discount rate	3.7	%	4.4	%	3.5	%	2.2	%	3.6	%	3.5	%
Rate of increase in future compensation levels	—		—		—		3.0	%	3.0	%	3.0	%
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets	7.0	%	7.3	%	8.0	%	3.8	%	4.8	%	4.8	%

	Non-Pension Postretirement Benefits
	U.S. Plans						Non-U.S. Plans
	2015		2014		2013		2015		2014		2013
Discount rate	3.4	%	4.2	%	3.3	%	6.1	%	7.2	%	4.3	%

Schedule of Allocation of Plan Assets [Table Text Block]



	Actual				Target 2016
	2015		2014		Target 2016
Weighted average allocations of U.S. pension plan assets at December 31:
Equity securities	32	%	29	%	36	%
Debt securities	55	%	59	%	54	%
Cash, short-term investments and other	13	%	12	%	10	%
Total	100	%	100	%	100	%
Weighted average allocations of non-U.S. pension plan assets at December 31:
Equity securities	21	%	19	%	21	%
Debt securities	77	%	79	%	79	%
Cash, short-term investments and other	2	%	2	%	—	%
Total	100	%	100	%	100	%

Schedule of Fair Value of U.S. Pension Plan Investments [Table Text Block]

The following table presents U.S. pension plan investments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2015 and 2014:



	Fair Value Measurements Using
	2015								2014
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Unobserv-able Inputs (Level 3)		Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Unobserv-able Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Large cap equity funds ⁽¹⁾	$	—	$	38	$	—	$	38	$	—	$	36	$	—	$	36
Small/mid cap equity funds ⁽¹⁾	—		5		—		5		—		6		—		6
International equity funds ⁽¹⁾	—		25		—		25		—		27		—		27
Fixed income securities ⁽¹⁾	—		114		—		114		—		133		—		133
Cash equivalents ⁽²⁾	—		3		—		3		—		2		—		2
	$	—	$	185	$	—	$	185	$	—	$	204	$	—	$	204
Investments measured at fair value using net asset value as a practical expedient:
Other funds ⁽³⁾							$	25							$	26
Total							$	210							$	230

Schedule of Fair Value of non-U.S. Pension Plan Investments [Table Text Block]

The following table presents non-U.S. pension plan investments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2015 and 2014:



	Fair Value Measurements Using
	2015								2014
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Unobserv-able Inputs (Level 3)		Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Unobserv-able Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Pooled insurance products with fixed income guarantee ⁽¹⁾	—		8		—		8		—		8		—		8
	$	—	$	8	$	—	$	8	$	—	$	8	$	—	$	8
Investments measured at fair value using net asset value as a practical expedient:
Other international equity funds ⁽³⁾							$	65							$	68
Other fixed income securities ⁽³⁾							243								275
Total							$	316							$	351

Schedule of Expected Benefit Payments [Table Text Block]

Estimated future plan benefit payments as of December 31, 2015 are as follows:



	Pension Benefits				Non-Pension Postretirement Benefits
Year	U.S. Plans		Non-U.S. Plans		U.S. Plans		Non-U.S. Plans
2016	$	21	$	10	$	1	$	—
2017	20		11		1		—
2018	20		11		1		—
2019	19		12		1		—
2020	18		14		1		—
2021-2025	81		90		2		3