Stock Option Plans and Stock Based Compensation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Stock Option Plans and Stock Based Compensation [Abstract]

Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Text Block]

Stock Option Plans and Stock Based Compensation

The following is a summary of existing stock based compensation plans and outstanding shares as of December 31, 2015:

Plan Name	Shares Outstanding	Plan Expiration	Vesting Terms/Status	Option Term	Number of Shares Authorized
Resolution Performance 2000 Stock Option Plan		November 2010		8 yrs 30 days	n/a plan expired
Tranche A options	17,849		Fully vested
Tranche B performance options	35,729		Fully vested
Resolution Performance 2000 Non-Employee Directors Option Plan	286,626	November 2010	Fully vested	8 yrs 30 days	n/a plan expired
Resolution Specialty Materials 2004 Stock Option Plan		October 2014		8 yrs 30 days	1,027,197
Tranche A options	21,873		Fully vested
Tranche B performance options	43,748		Fully vested
Director options	42,799		Fully vested
BHI Acquisition Corp. 2004 Stock Incentive Plan		August 2014		10 years	3,670,635
Tranche A options	864,463		Fully vested
Tranche B performance options	864,463		Fully vested
Director options	56,282		Director grants vest upon IPO / change in control
Hexion LLC 2007 Long-Term Incentive Plan		April 2017			1,700,000
Options to purchase units	230,500		Vest upon attainment of performance targets upon change in control	8 years
Restricted stock units	50,000		Fully vested	N/A
Momentive Performance Materials Holdings LLC 2011 Equity Incentive Plan		February 2021		10 years	20,800,000
Unit Options and Restricted Deferred Units (“RDUs”):
2011 Grant
Tranche A Options and RDUs	Options: 2,315,278		Time-vest ratably over 4 years; Accelerated vesting six months after certain change of control transactions as defined by the 2011 Equity Plan
Tranche B Options and RDUs	Options: 1,157,632 RDUs: 385,874		Performance-based: Vest upon the earlier of i) the two year anniversary from the date of the achievement of the targeted common unit value following certain corporate transactions or ii) the six month anniversary from the date the targeted common unit value is achieved following certain change of control transactions
Tranche C Options and RDUs	Options: 1,157,632 RDUs: 385,874		Performance-based: Vest upon the earlier of i) the one year anniversary from the date of the achievement of the targeted common unit value following certain corporate transactions or ii) the six month anniversary from the date the targeted common unit value is achieved following certain change of control transactions
2013 Grant
Unit Options	4,134,026		Time-vest ratably over 4 years; Accelerated vesting six months after a change of control event as defined by the 2011 Equity Plan	10 years
RDUs	3,261,554		Performance-based: Vest upon the earlier of 1) one year from the achievement of the targeted common unit value and a realization event or 2) six months from the achievement of the targeted common unit value and a change in control event, as such terms are defined by the 2011 Equity Plan	N/A

Summary of Plans

Legacy Plans

Prior to October 2010, the Company’s parent, Hexion LLC, maintained six stock-based compensation plans: the Resolution Performance 2000 Stock Option Plan (the “Resolution Performance Plan”), the Resolution Performance 2000 Non-Employee Directors Option Plan (the “Resolution Performance Director Plan”), the Resolution Performance Restricted Unit Plan (the “Resolution Performance Unit Plan”), the Resolution Specialty 2004 Stock Option Plan (the “Resolution Specialty Plan”), the BHI Acquisition 2004 Stock Incentive Plan (the “Borden Chemical Plan”) and the 2007 Hexion LLC 2007 Long-Term Incentive Plan. In addition to these plans, the Company’s parent maintains a stock-based deferred compensation plan, which is discussed below. The options granted under each of the option plans were to purchase common units in Hexion LLC.

Effective October 1, 2010, in conjunction with the previous combination of Hexion and MPM, stock options to purchase common units in Hexion LLC that were granted to our Directors and those granted under the Resolution Performance 2000 Stock Option Plan, the Resolution Performance 2000 Non-Employee Directors Option Plan, the Resolution Specialty 2004 Stock Option Plan, the BHI Acquisition 2004 Stock Incentive Plan and the Hexion 2007 Long-Term Incentive plan to purchase common units in Hexion LLC were converted on a one-for-one basis to an equivalent number of options to purchase common units in Hexion Holdings. Similarly, the restricted Hexion LLC unit awards granted under the Hexion 2007 Long-Term Incentive Plan, the BHI Acquisition 2004 Deferred Compensation Plan and the Resolution Performance Restricted Unit Plan were converted on a one-for-one basis to common units in Hexion Holdings.

2011 Equity Plan

In 2011, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Managers of Hexion Holdings approved the Momentive Performance Materials Holdings LLC 2011 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2011 Equity Plan”). Under the 2011 Equity Plan, Hexion Holdings can award unit options, unit awards, restricted units, restricted deferred units, and other unit-based awards. The restricted deferred units are non-voting units of measurement which are deemed to be equivalent to one common unit of Hexion Holdings. The unit options are options to purchase common units of Hexion Holdings. The awards contain restrictions on transferability and other typical terms and conditions.

Unit Options

In 2013, the Company granted Unit Options with an aggregate grant date fair value of approximately $2. The fair value was estimated at the grant date using a Monte Carlo valuation method. The Monte Carlo valuation method requires the use of a range of assumptions. The range of risk-free interest rates was 0.11% to 2.06%, expected volatility rates ranged from 28.1% to 35.5% and the dividend rate was 0%. The expected life assumption is not used in the Monte Carlo valuation method, but the output of the model indicated a weighted-average expected life of 6.2 years.

In 2011, the Company granted Tranche A Options with an aggregate grant date fair value of approximately $6. The fair value of each option was estimated at the grant date using a Black-Scholes option pricing model. The assumptions used to estimate the fair value were a 2.17% risk-free interest rate, a 6.25 year expected life, a 37.5% expected volatility rate and a 0% dividend rate.

In 2011, the Company granted Tranche B and Tranche C Options with performance and market conditions, each with an aggregate grant date fair value of approximately $3. The fair value was estimated at the grant date using a Monte Carlo valuation method, which is a commonly accepted valuation model for awards with market and performance conditions. The Monte Carlo valuation method requires the use of a range of assumptions. The range of risk-free interest rates was 0.16% to 3.44%, expected volatility rates ranged from 34.6% to 41.7% and the dividend rate was 0%. The expected life assumption is not used in the Monte Carlo valuation method, but the output of the model indicated a weighted-average expected life of 9.2 years. As of December 31, 2015 it is not probable the related options will vest. Compensation cost will be recognized over the service period once the satisfaction of the performance condition is probable.

Restricted Deferred Units

In 2013, the Company granted RDUs with performance and market conditions with an aggregate grant date fair value of approximately $4. The fair value was estimated at the grant date using the same Monte Carlo valuation method and assumptions used for the Unit Options. The RDUs have an indefinite life, thus the term used in the valuation model was 30 years, which resulted in a weighted-average expected life of 22 years. As of December 31, 2015, it is not probable the related RDUs will vest. Compensation cost will be recognized over the service period once the satisfaction of the performance condition is probable.

In 2011, the Company granted Tranche A RDUs with an aggregate grant date fair value of approximately $4.

In 2011, the Company granted Tranche B and Tranche C RDUs with performance and market conditions, each with an aggregate grant date fair value of approximately $2. The fair value was estimated at the grant date using the same Monte Carlo valuation method and assumptions used for the Tranche B and Tranche C Options. The RDUs have an indefinite life, thus the term used in the valuation model was 30 years, which resulted in a weighted-average expected life of 21.4 years. As of December 31, 2015 it is not probable the related RDUs will vest. Compensation cost will be recognized over the service period once the satisfaction of the performance condition is probable.

Although the 2011 Equity Plan was issued by Hexion Holdings, the underlying compensation cost represents compensation costs paid for by Hexion Holdings on Hexion’s behalf, as a result of the employees’ service to Hexion. All compensation cost is recorded over the requisite service period on a graded-vesting basis.

Financial Statement Impact

Share-based compensation expense is recognized, net of estimated forfeitures, over the requisite service period on a graded-vesting basis. The Company adjusts compensation expense periodically for forfeitures.

The Company recognized share-based compensation expense of less than $1, $1 and $3 for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The impact of the option modification to extend the expiration of certain options to December 31, 2017, which was made in during the year ended December 31, 2013, was less than $1. The amounts are included in “Selling, general and administrative expense” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company expects additional compensation expense of $17, which will be recognized over the vesting period of the underlying share-based awards. Less than $1 is expected to be recognized ratably over a weighted-average period of 1.0 years, while the remaining $17 will be recognized upon an initial public offering or other future contingent event.

Options Activity

Following is a summary of the Company’s stock option plan activity for the year ended December 31, 2015:

	Hexion Holdings Common Units		Weighted Average Exercise Price
Options outstanding at December 31, 2014	11,025,508		$	3.87
Options granted	—		$	—
Options forfeited	(410,910	)	$	4.65
Other(1)	1,182,175		$	2.24
Options outstanding at December 31, 2015	11,796,773		$	3.99
Exercisable at December 31, 2015	7,809,882		$	3.95
Expected to vest at December 31, 2015	1,018,874		$	1.48

(1) This amount represents outstanding options under the 2011 Equity Plan and other legacy plans related to certain individuals who were previously employed by MPM, and became employees of Hexion during 2015. From such point forward, the related options, which were originally issued by or converted to Hexion Holdings, are reflected in the activity above. No modifications were made to these options upon commencement of the individuals’ employment with Hexion.

At December 31, 2015, exercise prices for options outstanding ranged from $1.21 to $29.42, with a weighted average remaining contractual life of 5.1 years. The weighted average remaining contractual life for options exercisable and options expected to vest was 5.0 and 7.7 years, respectively. At December 31, 2015, the aggregate intrinsic value of both options exercisable and options expected to vest was $0.

The total amount of cash received and total intrinsic value (which is the amount by which the stock price exceeded the exercise price of the options on the date of exercise) of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 was $0.

Restricted Unit Activity

Following is a summary of the Company’s restricted unit plan activity for the year ended December 31, 2015: 

	Hexion Holdings Common Units		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested at December 31, 2014	3,770,036		$	1.94
Restricted units granted	—		$	—
Restricted units vested	(7,041	)	$	4.85
Restricted units forfeited	(142,558	)	$	2.98
Other(1)	412,865		$	1.56
Nonvested at December 31, 2015	4,033,302		$	1.98

(1) This amount represents unvested RDUs under the 2011 Equity Plan related to certain individuals who were previously employed by MPM, and became employees of Hexion during 2015. From such point forward, the related restricted units, which were originally issued by Hexion Holdings, are reflected in the activity above. No modifications were made to these restricted units upon commencement of the individuals’ employment with Hexion.

As of December 31, 2015, there are no outstanding unvested time-based vesting restricted units.

Stock-Based Deferred Compensation Plan

In 2004, in connection with the acquisition of Borden Chemical by Apollo, certain key employees of the Company deferred the receipt of compensation and were credited with a number of deferred stock units that were equal in value to the amount of compensation deferred. In total, the Company granted 1,007,944 deferred common stock units under the Hexion LLC 2004 Deferred Compensation Plan (the “2004 DC Plan”), which is an unfunded plan. Each unit gives the grantee the right to one common stock unit of Hexion Holdings. Under the 2004 DC Plan, the deferred common stock units are not distributed to participants until their employment with the Company ends. At December 31, 2015, there were 691,570 undistributed units under the 2004 DC Plan. Under certain limited circumstances this award could be distributed in the form of a cash payment.