Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

6 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

A)    BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The condensed consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2023 and June 30, 2023, the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and six months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the six months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the condensed consolidated statements of stockholders' equity for the three and six months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, have been prepared by the Company in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and have not been audited.  In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for all periods presented have been made. The operating results for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of the operating results that may be experienced for the full fiscal year.

Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses. Significant estimates and assumptions are used for, but are not limited to, allowances for credit losses, reserves for excess and obsolete inventories, long-lived and intangible assets, income tax valuation allowance, stock-based compensation and deferred compensation. Actual results could differ from the Company's estimates.

Investments

C)    INVESTMENTS

Debt securities are classified as held-to-maturity as the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold them to maturity. The securities are carried at amortized cost as current or noncurrent based upon maturity date and unrealized gains and losses are recognized when realized. The amortized cost of debt securities is adjusted for amortization of premium and accretion of discounts to maturity. Such amortization or accretion is included in interest income, along with other interest on cash and cash equivalents.

Fair Value Measurements

D)    FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an ordinary transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A three-tier hierarchy prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers include Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted market prices in active markets; Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted market prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore, requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions. The asset's or liability's fair value measurement within the hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The Company’s U.S. treasury debt securities are recorded at amortized cost with fair value disclosure. They have a readily available market price (Level 1 input), thus a lesser degree of judgment needs to be used in measuring fair value, and fair value was determined by quoted market prices.

Income Taxes

E)    INCOME TAXES

We estimate a provision for income taxes based on the effective tax rate expected to be applicable for the fiscal year. If the actual results are different from these estimates, adjustments to the effective tax rate may be required in the period such determination is made. Additionally, discrete items are treated separately from the effective rate analysis and are recorded separately as an income tax provision or benefit at the time they are recognized.

During the three and six months ended December 31, 2023, a state income tax provision of $1,879 and $3,758 was recorded for the minimum tax payments expected given the taxable net losses in those periods. As a result of the net losses, no federal tax provision was recorded for the three and six months ended December 31, 2023. During the three months ended December 31, 2022, a federal tax benefit of $74,389 and a state tax benefit of $28,713 were recorded based on a taxable loss. For the six months ended December 31, 2022, as a result of additional income generated by licensing fees, offset by related legal fees and expenses, taxable income for the period was generated. For NOLs arising in tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJA”) limits the NOL deduction to 80 percent of taxable income. As such, the utilization of the Company’s net operating loss carryforwards from fiscal years after 2018 is limited to 80 percent of the resulting taxable income. Utilization of net operating loss carryforwards significantly reduced the taxable income, resulting in federal and state tax provisions of  $374,714 and $120,125, respectively, for the six-month period ended December 31, 2022.

The effective tax rate was less than 1% for the six months ended December 31, 2023 and 5.3% for the six months ended December 31, 2022. It is anticipated that the effective rate in the current year and future years will continue to be reduced by utilization of a portion or all of the federal and state net operating loss carryforwards that existed as of June 30, 2023. The Company's taxable loss generated during the first half of fiscal year 2024 increased the tax loss carryforward as of December 31, 2023 to approximately $31,995,000. Given the taxable loss for the six-month period, the expectation for utilization of the estimated tax loss carryforward is lessened, and as such, the future realization of this continues to be uncertain. The valuation allowance was adjusted to continue to fully offset the net deferred tax asset as there is sufficient negative evidence to support a full valuation allowance.

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Temporary differences which give rise to deferred income tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 2023 and June 30, 2023 include:

	December 31, 2023		June 30, 2023
Deferred income tax assets:
Deferred compensation	$	516,932	$	491,608
Stock-based compensation		77,530		117,607
Accrued expenses and reserves		549,015		571,719
Deferred revenue		108,033		138,665
Federal and state net operating loss carryforwards		8,260,294		8,216,671
IRC Section 174 research and development costs		113,521		63,855
Credit carryforwards		188,893		169,552
Equipment and leasehold improvements		107,258		136,294
Lease liability		684,670		744,431
Valuation allowance		(9,893,613)		(9,906,018)
Total deferred income tax assets		712,533		744,384
Deferred income tax liabilities:
ROU asset		(680,737)		(742,386)
Other		(31,796)		(1,998)
Total deferred income tax liabilities		(712,533)		(744,384)
Net deferred income tax assets	$	-	$	-

Legal Costs

F) LEGAL COSTSAll legal costs related to litigation for which the Company is liable, are charged to operations as incurred, except contingent legal fees as described below. Proceeds from the settlement of disputes are recorded in other income when the amounts are determinable, and collection is certain. Related license proceeds are considered functional and as such are recorded at a point in time, based on the underlying agreement. Related contingent legal fees and expenses are recorded in selling, general and administrative expense at that time. The contingent legal fee expenses could have a material effect on the results of operations, however, timing and impact is uncertain and is dependent on the resolution of related litigation.

Other Income

G) OTHER INCOME

No other income was received in the three and six months ended December 31, 2023. In the three and six months ending December 31, 2022, the Company received licensing proceeds of $0 and $33,000,000, respectively, which was recorded as other income.

Other income is shown as a separate line on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Deferred Compensation

G) DEFERRED COMPENSATION

The Company’s deferred compensation liability is for a current officer and is calculated based on years of service and compensation, along with various assumptions related to expected retirement date, discount rates, and mortality tables. The related expense is calculated using the net present value of the expected payments and is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The deferred compensation liability recorded at December 31, 2023 and June 30, 2023 is $2,060,375 and $1,997,120, respectively. The increase in the deferred compensation liability for the current officer during the six months ended December 31, 2023 resulted in compensation expense under this arrangement of $63,255. A reduction to deferred compensation expense of $46,075 was recognized in the six months ended December 31, 2022.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

I) RECENTLY ADOPTED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

Effective July 1, 2023, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. This standard replaced the incurred loss methodology with an expected loss methodology that is referred to as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) methodology. CECL requires an estimate of credit losses for the remaining estimated life of the financial asset using historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts and generally applies to financial assets measured at amortized cost, including trade receivables and held-to-maturity debt securities. Financial assets measured at amortized cost are presented at the net amount expected to be collected by using an allowance for credit losses. The standard’s main goal is to improve financial reporting by requiring earlier recognition of credit losses on financing receivables and other financial assets, including accounts receivable.

The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 effective July 1, 2023 using the modified retrospective approach for all financial assets measured at amortized cost.

Allowance for Credit Losses – Accounts Receivable: The allowance for credit losses is deducted from the cost basis of the receivable to present the net amount expected to be collected on the accounts. The Company measures expected credit losses for accounts receivable using the aging method whereby expected credit losses are determined on the basis of how long a receivable has been outstanding. Historical loss data is utilized to estimate expected losses as the risk characteristics of the customer base and the Company’s credit practices have not changed significantly over time. The estimates are then adjusted for current conditions, such as level of inflation and the potential change in credit availability given rising interest rates, as well as supportable and reasonable forecasts indicating whether these conditions will continue into the future or new ones will arise that need to be considered.

Upon evaluation of the impact of this ASU, the Company concluded that minimal reserves were necessary as historical losses were immaterial, and, based on the qualitative and quantitative analysis performed in accordance with Topic 326 requirements, the Company determined there was no reasonable expectation of significant credit losses associated with the Company’s accounts receivable in the foreseeable future.

Allowance for Credit Losses - Held-to Maturity Debt Securities: The Company did not record an allowance for credit losses on held-to-maturity U.S. Treasury securities as these securities have the following characteristics that support a zero loss expectation: they are explicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government, are consistently highly rated by major rating agencies and have a long history of no credit losses.

The adoption of ASU 2016-13 did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. Results for reporting periods beginning after July 1, 2023 are presented under CECL while prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with previously applicable accounting standards (“Incurred Loss”).

Other recent accounting pronouncements issued by the FASB, including its Emerging Issues Task Force, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, and the Securities and Exchange Commission did not have, or are not expected by management to have a material impact on the Company’s present or future consolidated financial statements