Note 9. Objectives and Strategies for Using Derivatives

As a multinational enterprise, we are exposed to financial risks, such as changes in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates, commodity prices and the value of investments of our defined benefit pension plans. We employ a number of practices to manage these risks, including operating and financing activities and, where deemed appropriate, the use of derivative instruments. Our policies allow the use of derivatives for risk management purposes and prohibit their use for speculation. Our policies also prohibit the use of any leveraged derivative instrument. Consistent with our policies, foreign currency derivative instruments, interest rate swaps and locks, equity collars and the majority of commodity hedging contracts are entered into with major financial institutions.

On the date a derivative contract is entered into, we formally designate certain derivatives as cash flow, fair value or net investment hedges and establish how the effectiveness of these hedges will be assessed and measured. This process links the derivatives to the transactions or financial balances they are hedging. Changes in the fair value of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments are recorded to earnings as they occur.

Set forth below is a summary of the fair values of our derivative instruments classified by the risks they are used to manage:


	June 30 2011				December 31 2010
(Millions of dollars)	Assets		Liabilities		Assets		Liabilities
Interest rate risk	$	25	$	6	$	24	$	2
Foreign currency exchange risk		75		54		46		39
Commodity price risk		—		4		—		7

Total	$	100	$	64	$	70	$	48

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk Management

We have a centralized U.S. dollar functional currency international treasury operation ("In-House Bank") that manages foreign currency exchange risks by netting, on a daily basis, our exposures to recorded non-U.S. dollar assets and liabilities and entering into derivative instruments with third parties whenever our net exposure in any single currency exceeds predetermined limits. These derivative instruments are not designated as hedging instruments. Changes in the fair value of these instruments are recorded in earnings when they occur. The In-House Bank also records the gain or loss on the remeasurement of its non-U.S. dollar-denominated monetary assets and liabilities in earnings. Consequently, the net effect on earnings from the use of these non-designated derivatives is substantially neutralized by transactional gains and losses recorded on the underlying liabilities. The In-House Bank's daily notional derivative positions with third parties averaged $1.3 billion in the first six months of 2011 and its average net exposure for the period was $1.2 billion. The In-House Bank used eight counterparties for its foreign exchange derivative contracts.

We enter into derivative instruments to hedge a portion of the net foreign currency exposures of our non-U.S. operations, principally for their forecasted purchases of pulp, which are priced in U.S. dollars, and imports of intercompany finished goods and work-in-process priced predominately in U.S. dollars and euros. The derivative instruments used to manage these exposures are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges. As of June 30, 2011, outstanding derivative contracts of $875 million notional value were designated as cash flow hedges for the forecasted purchases of pulp and intercompany finished goods and work-in-process.

The foreign currency exposure on intercompany balances managed outside the In-House Bank, primarily loans, is hedged with derivative instruments with third parties. At June 30, 2011, the notional amount of these predominantly undesignated derivative instruments was $600 million.

Foreign Currency Translation Risk Management

Translation adjustments result from translating foreign entities' financial statements to U.S. dollars from their functional currencies. Translation exposure, which results from changes in translation rates between functional currencies and the U.S. dollar, generally is not hedged. However, consistent with other years, a portion of our net investment in our Mexican affiliate has been hedged. At June 30, 2011, we had in place net investment hedges of $100 million for a portion of our investment in our Mexican affiliate. Changes in the fair value of net investment hedges are recognized in other comprehensive income to offset the change in value of the net investment being hedged. There was no significant ineffectiveness related to net investment hedges as of June 30, 2011 and 2010.

Interest Rate Risk Management

Interest rate risk is managed using a portfolio of variable- and fixed-rate debt composed of short- and long-term instruments and interest rate swaps. From time to time, interest rate swap contracts, which are derivative instruments, are entered into to facilitate the maintenance of the desired ratio of variable- and fixed-rate debt. These derivative instruments are designated and qualify as fair value hedges or, to a lesser extent, cash flow hedges.

From time to time, we hedge the anticipated issuance of fixed-rate debt, using forward-starting swaps or "treasury locks" (e.g., a 10-year "treasury lock" hedging the anticipated underlying U.S. Treasury interest rate related to issuance of 10-year debt at a future date). These contracts are designated as cash flow hedges.

At June 30, 2011, the aggregate notional values of outstanding interest rate contracts designated as fair value hedges and cash flow hedges were $1 billion and $480 million, respectively.

Commodity Price Risk Management

We use derivative instruments to hedge a portion of our exposure to market risk arising from changes in the price of natural gas. Hedging of this risk is accomplished by entering into forward swap contracts, which are designated as cash flow hedges of specific quantities of natural gas expected to be purchased in future months.

As of June 30, 2011, outstanding commodity forward contracts were in place to hedge forecasted purchases of about 25 percent of our estimated natural gas requirements for the next twelve months and a lesser percentage for future periods.

Effect of Derivative Instruments on Results of Operations and Other Comprehensive Income

Fair Value Hedges

Derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as fair value hedges are predominantly used to manage interest rate risk and foreign currency exchange risk. The fair values of these instruments are recorded as an asset or liability, as appropriate, with the offset recorded in current earnings. The offset to the change in fair values of the related hedged items also is recorded in current earnings. Any realized gain or loss on the derivatives that hedge interest rate risk is amortized to interest expense over the life of the related debt.

Fair value hedges resulted in no significant ineffectiveness in the six month periods ended June 30, 2011 and 2010. For the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, no gain or loss was recognized in earnings as a result of a hedged firm commitment no longer qualifying as a fair value hedge.

Cash Flow Hedges

For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges, the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative instrument is initially recorded in other comprehensive income, net of related income taxes, and recognized in earnings in the same period that the hedged exposure affects earnings.

Cash flow hedges resulted in no significant ineffectiveness in the six month periods ended June 30, 2011 and 2010. For the six month periods ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, no gains or losses were reclassified into earnings as a result of the discontinuance of cash flow hedges due to the original forecasted transaction no longer being probable of occurring. At June 30, 2011, $25 million of after-tax losses are expected to be reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income ("AOCI") primarily to cost of sales during the next twelve months, consistent with the timing of the underlying hedged transactions. The maximum maturity of cash flow hedges in place at June 30, 2011 is October 2013.

Quantitative Information about Our Use of Derivative Instruments

The following tables display the classification and amount of pretax gains and losses reported in the Consolidated Income Statement and Consolidated Statement of Other Comprehensive Income ("OCI") and the classification and fair values of derivative instruments presented in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

For the three months ended June 30 (Millions of dollars):


	Income Statement Classifications	(Gain) or Loss Recognized in Income
		2011			2010
Undesignated foreign exchange hedging instruments	Other (income) and expense, net^(a)	$	(59	)	$	62

Fair Value Hedges
Interest rate swap contracts	Interest expense	$	—		$	(15	)

Hedged debt instruments	Interest expense	$	—		$	15

Foreign exchange contracts	Other (income) and expense, net	$	—		$	(9	)

Hedged foreign exchange monetary assets and liabilities	Other (income) and expense, net	$	—		$	9


	Amount of (Gain) or Loss Recognized In AOCI					Income Statement Classification of Gain or Loss Reclassified from AOCI	(Gain) or Loss Reclassified from AOCI into Income
	2011		2010				2011			2010
Cash Flow Hedges
Interest rate contracts	$	9	$	23		Interest expense	$	(1	)	$	—
Foreign exchange contracts		11		(28	)	Cost of products sold		15			(3	)
Foreign exchange contracts		—		—		Other (income) and expense, net		(1	)		—
Commodity contracts		1		(3	)	Cost of products sold		3			3

Total	$	21	$	(8	)		$	16		$	—

Net Investment Hedges
Foreign exchange contracts	$	2	$	(2	)		$	—		$	—

For the six months ended June 30 (Millions of dollars):


	Income Statement Classifications	(Gain) or Loss Recognized in Income
		2011			2010
Undesignated foreign exchange hedging instruments	Other (income) and expense, net^(a)	$	(99	)	$	81

Fair Value Hedges
Interest rate swap contracts	Interest expense	$	(5	)	$	(14	)

Hedged debt instruments	Interest expense	$	5		$	14

Foreign exchange contracts	Other (income) and expense, net	$	—		$	(1	)

Hedged foreign exchange monetary assets and liabilities	Other (income) and expense, net	$	—		$	1


	Amount of (Gain) or Loss Recognized In AOCI					Income Statement Classification of Gain or Loss Reclassified from AOCI	(Gain) or Loss Reclassified from AOCI into Income
	2011		2010				2011			2010
Cash Flow Hedges
Interest rate contracts	$	8	$	30		Interest expense	$	(2	)	$	(1	)
Foreign exchange contracts		45		(33	)	Cost of products sold		21			8
Foreign exchange contracts		5		—		Other (income) and expense, net		5			—
Commodity contracts		1		7		Cost of products sold		5			6

Total	$	59	$	4			$	29		$	13

Net Investment Hedges
Foreign exchange contracts	$	3	$	2			$	—		$	—

^(a)

(Gains) and losses on these instruments primarily relate to derivatives entered into with third parties to manage foreign currency exchange exposure on the remeasurement of non-functional currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities. Consequently, the effect on earnings from the use of these undesignated derivatives is substantially neutralized by transactional gains and losses recorded on the underlying assets and liabilities.

Fair Values of Derivative Instruments


	Balance Sheet Location	June 30 2011		December 31 2010
		(Millions of dollars)
Assets
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate contracts	Other current assets	$	7	$	—
Interest rate contracts	Other assets		18		24
Foreign exchange contracts	Other current assets		2		4
Foreign exchange contracts	Other assets		—		1

Total		$	27	$	29
Undesignated derivatives:
Foreign exchange contracts	Other current assets	$	73	$	41

Total asset derivatives		$	100	$	70


Liabilities
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate contracts	Other liabilities	$	6	$	2
Foreign exchange contracts	Accrued expenses		40		16
Foreign exchange contracts	Other liabilities		6		3
Commodity contracts	Accrued expenses		4		7

Total		$	56	$	28
Undesignated derivatives:
Foreign exchange contracts and other	Accrued expenses	$	8	$	20

Total liability derivatives		$	64	$	48