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Segment Disclosures
 12 Months Ended
Jan. 01, 2023
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Segment Disclosures Segment Disclosures
The Company’s operating segments, which also represent its reporting segments, are based on the organizational structure for which financial results are regularly evaluated by the Company’s chief operating decision-maker ("CODM", the Company’s CEO) to determine resource allocation and assess performance. The Company’s five reportable segments, (1) Professional & Industrial, (2) Science, Engineering & Technology, (3) Education, (4) Outsourcing & Consulting, and (5) International, reflect the specialty services the Company provides to customers and represent how the business is organized internally. Intersegment revenue represents revenue earned between the reportable segments and is eliminated from total segment revenue from services.

Professional & Industrial delivers staffing, outcome-based and permanent placement services focused on office, professional, light industrial and contact center specialties in the U.S. and Canada, including our KellyConnect and Skilled Professional Solutions products. Science, Engineering & Technology delivers staffing, outcome-based and permanent placement services focused on science and clinical research, engineering, technology and telecommunications specialties predominantly in the U.S. and Canada. Education delivers staffing, permanent placement and executive search services across the full education spectrum from early childhood to higher education in the U.S. Outsourcing & Consulting is focused on providing MSP, RPO, PPO and Talent Advisory Services to customers on a global basis. International delivers staffing, RPO and permanent placement services in Europe, as well as services in Mexico in accordance with recent changes in labor market regulations and, prior to August 2020, Brazil (see Acquisitions and Dispositions footnote).
Corporate expenses that directly support the operating units have been allocated to Professional & Industrial, Science, Engineering & Technology, Education, Outsourcing & Consulting and International based on work effort, volume or, in the absence of a readily available measurement process, proportionately based on gross profit realized. Unallocated corporate expenses include those related to incentive compensation, law and risk management, certain finance and accounting functions, executive management, corporate campus facilities, IT production support, certain legal costs and expenses related to corporate initiatives that do not directly benefit a specific operating segment. Consistent with the information provided to and evaluated by the CODM, the goodwill impairment charge in the first quarter of 2020 is included in Corporate expenses.

The following tables present information about the reported revenue from services and gross profit of the Company by reportable segment, along with a reconciliation to earnings (loss) before taxes and equity in net earnings (loss) of affiliate, for 2022, 2021 and 2020. Asset information by reportable segment is not presented, since the Company does not produce such information internally nor does it use such information to manage its business.

 202220212020
 (In millions of dollars)
Revenue from Services: 
Professional & Industrial$1,666.2 $1,837.4 $1,858.4 
Science, Engineering & Technology1,265.4 1,156.8 1,019.1 
Education636.2 416.5 286.9 
Outsourcing & Consulting468.0 432.1 363.5 
International932.2 1,067.8 988.6 
Less: Intersegment revenue(2.6)(0.9)(0.5)
Consolidated Total$4,965.4 $4,909.7 $4,516.0 
 202220212020
 (In millions of dollars)
Earnings (Loss) from Operations: 
Professional & Industrial gross profit$302.5 $310.0 $330.2 
Professional & Industrial SG&A expenses(270.5)(278.6)(288.6)
Professional & Industrial earnings (loss) from operations32.0 31.4 41.6 
Science, Engineering & Technology gross profit297.0 253.9 209.4 
Science, Engineering & Technology SG&A expenses(214.9)(180.2)(134.4)
Science, Engineering & Technology earnings (loss) from operations82.1 73.7 75.0 
Education gross profit100.3 65.1 42.2 
Education SG&A expenses(81.8)(62.1)(51.2)
Education earnings (loss) from operations18.5 3.0 (9.0)
Outsourcing & Consulting gross profit169.6 141.4 119.8 
Outsourcing & Consulting SG&A expenses(149.8)(122.7)(108.3)
Goodwill impairment charge(41.0)— — 
Outsourcing & Consulting earnings (loss) from operations(21.2)18.7 11.5 
International gross profit142.4 148.8 126.0 
International SG&A expenses(132.5)(138.9)(134.9)
International earnings (loss) from operations9.9 9.9 (8.9)
Corporate(94.0)(88.1)(203.8)
Loss on disposal(18.7)— — 
Gain on sale of assets6.2 — — 
Consolidated Total14.8 48.6 (93.6)
Gain (loss) on investment in Persol Holdings(67.2)121.8 (16.6)
Loss on currency translation from liquidation of subsidiary(20.4)— — 
Other income (expense), net1.6 15.4 3.4 
Earnings (loss) before taxes and equity in net earnings (loss) of affiliate$(71.2)$185.8 $(106.8)

Depreciation and amortization expense included in SG&A expenses by segment above are as follows:

202220212020
(In millions of dollars)
Depreciation and amortization:
Professional & Industrial$3.7 $5.3 $5.5 
Science, Engineering & Technology12.7 10.6 4.2 
Education5.2 3.6 3.6 
Outsourcing & Consulting3.5 0.7 0.7 
International1.7 2.0 2.3 
A summary of revenue from services by geographic area for 2022, 2021 and 2020 follows:

 202220212020
 (In millions of dollars)
Revenue from Services:   
United States$3,671.5 $3,513.4 $3,260.2 
Foreign1,293.9 1,396.3 1,255.8 
Total$4,965.4 $4,909.7 $4,516.0 

Foreign revenue is based on the country in which the legal subsidiary is domiciled. No single foreign country’s revenue represented more than 10% of the consolidated revenues of the Company. No single customer represented more than 10% of the consolidated revenues of the Company.

A summary of long-lived assets information by geographic area as of year-end 2022 and 2021 follows:

 20222021
 (In millions of dollars)
Long-Lived Assets:  
United States$72.1 $86.3 
Foreign22.5 24.8 
Total$94.6 $111.1 

Long-lived assets represent property and equipment and ROU assets. No single foreign country’s long-lived assets represented more than 10% of the consolidated long-lived assets of the Company.