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Fair Value Measurements
12 Months Ended
Jan. 01, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value Measurements Fair Value Measurements 
Trade accounts receivable, short-term borrowings, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and accrued payroll and related taxes approximate their fair values due to the short-term maturities of these assets and liabilities. 

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following tables present assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of year-end 2022 and 2021 in the consolidated balance sheet by fair value hierarchy level, as described below. 

Level 1 measurements consist of unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.  Level 2 measurements include quoted prices in markets that are not active or model inputs that are observable either directly or indirectly for substantially the full term of the asset or liability. Level 3 measurements include significant unobservable inputs. 
 Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis As of Year-End 2022
DescriptionTotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3
 (In millions of dollars)
Money market funds$108.3 $108.3 $— $— 
Investment in Persol Holdings— — — — 
Total assets at fair value$108.3 $108.3 $— $— 
Brazil indemnification$(3.4)$— $— $(3.4)
Greenwood/Asher earnout(3.3)— — (3.3)
RocketPower earnout— — — — 
Total liabilities at fair value$(6.7)$— $— $(6.7)

 Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis As of Year-End 2021
DescriptionTotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3
 (In millions of dollars)
Money market funds$96.3 $96.3 $— $— 
Investment in Persol Holdings264.3 264.3 — — 
Total assets at fair value$360.6 $360.6 $— $— 
Brazil indemnification$(2.4)$— $— $(2.4)
Greenwood/Asher earnout(4.6)— — (4.6)
Total liabilities at fair value$(7.0)$— $— $(7.0)
 
Money market funds represent investments in money market funds that hold government securities, of which $8.6 million as of year-end 2022 and $6.5 million as of year-end 2021, are restricted as to use and are included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheet. The money market funds that are restricted as to use account for the majority of our restricted cash balances and represents cash balances that are required to be maintained to fund disability claims in California. The remaining money market funds as of year-end 2022 and year-end 2021 are included in cash and equivalents in the consolidated balance sheet. The valuations of money market funds were based on quoted market prices of those accounts as of the respective period end.

On February 15, 2022, Kelly Services Japan, Inc. sold the investment in the common stock of Persol Holdings in an open-market transaction. The valuation of the investment was based on the quoted market price of Persol Holdings stock on the Tokyo Stock Exchange as of year-end 2021, and the related changes in fair value were recorded in the consolidated statements of earnings (See Investments in Persol Holdings footnote). The cost of this yen-denominated investment, which fluctuated based on foreign exchange rates, was $18.0 million as of year-end 2021.

As of year-end 2022, the Company had an indemnification liability totaling $3.4 million with $0.3 million in accounts payable and accrued liabilities and $3.1 million in other long-term liabilities, and $2.4 million at year-end 2021 in other long-term liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet related to the sale of the Brazil operations. As part of the sale, the Company agreed to indemnify the buyer for losses and costs incurred in connection with certain events or occurrences initiated within a six-year period after closing. The aggregate losses for which the Company will provide indemnification will not exceed $8.8 million. The valuation of the indemnification liability was established using a discounted cash flow methodology based on probability weighted-average cash flows discounted by weighted-average cost of capital. The valuation, which represents the fair value, is considered a level 3 liability, and is being measured on a recurring basis. During 2022, the Company reassessed the value of the indemnification liability and determined it was necessary to record an increase to the liability of $0.8 million. Additionally, in 2022, the Company recognized an increase of $0.2 million to the indemnification liability related to exchange rate fluctuations in other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of earnings.

The Company recorded an earnout liability relating to the 2020 acquisition of Greenwood/Asher, totaling $3.3 million at year-end 2022 in accounts payable and accrued liabilities and $4.6 million at year-end 2021 with $2.3 million in accounts payable and accrued liabilities and $2.3 million in other long-term liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet. The initial valuation of
the earnout liability was established using a Black Scholes model and represents the fair value and is considered a level 3 liability. During the first quarter of 2022, the Company paid the one year portion of the earnout totaling $2.3 million. In the consolidated statements of cash flows, $0.7 million is reflected as a financing activity representing the initial fair value of the investment, with the remainder flowing through operating activities. During 2022, the Company reassessed the value of the earnout liability and determined that it was necessary to record an increase to the liability of $1.0 million.

The company recorded an initial earnout liability relating to the 2022 acquisition of RocketPower, totaling $0.6 million, with $0.5 million in accounts payable and accrued liabilities and $0.1 million in other long-term liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet (see Acquisitions and Dispositions footnote). The initial valuation of the earnout liability was established using a Black Scholes model and represented the fair value and was considered a level 3 liability. In the third quarter of 2022, we reassessed the value and determined that the fair value was zero. The maximum total cash payments which may be due related to the earnout liability is $31.8 million.

The Company recorded an earnout liability relating to the 2020 acquisition of Insight, totaling $1.7 million as of year-end 2020 in accounts payable and accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet (see Acquisitions and Dispositions footnote). The valuation of the earnout liability was initially established using a Monte Carlo simulation and represented the fair value and was considered a level 3 liability. During 2021, the Company recognized $0.1 million of expenses related to the earnout liability within SG&A expenses in the consolidated statements of earnings. During the third quarter of 2021, the Company paid the earnout totaling $1.8 million.

Equity Investments Without Readily Determinable Fair Value

On March 1, 2022, the Company sold the majority of its investment in the JV (see Investment in PersolKelly Pte. Ltd. footnote), with the remaining 2.5% interest now being measured using the measurement alternative for equity investments without a readily determinable fair value. The measurement alternative represents cost, less impairment, plus or minus observable price changes. The sale of the shares of the JV represented an observable transaction requiring the Company to calculate the current fair value based on the purchase price of the shares, in which the resulting adjustment was not material. The investment totaled $6.4 million as of year-end 2022, representing total cost plus observable price changes to date.

Prior to April 2021, the Company had a minority investment in Business Talent Group, LLC, which was included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheet. This investment was measured using the measurement alternative for equity investments without a readily determinable fair value as described above. In the second quarter of 2021, BTG entered into a merger agreement which resulted in all of the Company's shares of BTG being automatically canceled upon approval of the merger and resulted in the receipt of $5.0 million in cash, which was equal to the carrying value and purchase price of the BTG investment.

Prior to March 2021, the Company had a minority investment in Kenzie Academy Inc., which was included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheet. The investment was also measured using the measurement alternative for equity investments without a readily determinable fair value as described above. On March 8, 2021, Kenzie entered into a transaction to sell its assets. As of the date of the sale, the investment had a carrying value of $1.4 million, representing total cost plus observable price changes to date. In the first quarter of 2021, the asset was written down as a result of the sale and the loss of $1.4 million was recorded in other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of earnings.

Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

In the fourth quarter of 2022, we performed our annual goodwill impairment testing, which included a step one quantitative test for the Softworld and PTS reporting units. As a result of the quantitative assessments, we determined that the estimated fair value of the Softworld and PTS reporting units was more than its carrying value. Additionally, we performed a step zero qualitative analysis for the Education reporting unit to determine whether a further quantitative analysis was necessary and concluded that a step one quantitative analysis was not necessary. As a result of the quantitative and qualitative assessments, the Company determined goodwill related to these reporting units was not impaired as of year-end 2022.

During 2022, customers within the high-tech industry vertical, in which RocketPower specializes, reduced or eliminated their full-time hiring, reducing demand for RocketPower's services, and on-going economic uncertainty has more broadly impacted the growth in demand for RPO in the near-term. These changes in market conditions therefore caused a triggering event requiring interim impairment tests for both long-lived assets and goodwill as of third quarter of 2022. Job eliminations in the high-tech industry vertical continued during the fourth quarter of 2022, indicating a broad, sustained reduction in hiring was likely and is now expected to last through much of 2023, directly impacting RocketPower and the demand for RocketPower's
services in this vertical. These changes in market conditions caused another triggering event requiring interim impairment tests for both long-lived assets and goodwill as of year-end 2022.

We performed a long-lived asset recoverability test for RocketPower and determined that undiscounted future cash flows exceeded the carrying amount of the asset group and were recoverable as of third quarter-end and year-end 2022. We performed an interim step one quantitative test for RocketPower’s goodwill and determined that the estimated fair value of the reporting unit no longer exceeded the carrying value as of third quarter-end and year-end 2022. Based on the results of our interim goodwill impairment tests, we recorded a goodwill impairment charge of $30.7 million in the third quarter of 2022 and we recorded an additional goodwill impairment charge of $10.3 million in the fourth quarter of 2022 to write off the remaining balance of RocketPower’s goodwill as of year-end, for a total goodwill impairment charge of $41.0 million as of year-end 2022 (see Goodwill and Intangible Assets footnote).