Liability for Future Policy Benefits, Policyholder's Account Balances, and Deferred Acquisition Costs (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Insurance [Abstract]

Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Activity

The following table presents balances as well as the changes in the liability for future policy benefits for traditional long duration products.

	Consolidated
	March 31
	2023		2022
	(in millions of dollars)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year	$	12,426.2	$	15,881.3
Beginning balance at original discount rate	12,695.3		13,186.2
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	—		—
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	(131.9)		(115.9)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	12,563.4		13,070.3
Issuances	315.8		349.6
Interest accretion	138.7		147.0
Net premiums collected	(393.7)		(418.8)
Foreign currency	3.4		(10.3)
Ending balance at original discount rate	12,627.6		13,137.8
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	(27.0)		1,371.4
Balance, end of period	$	12,600.6	$	14,509.2
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year	$	48,929.4	$	65,305.0
Beginning balance at original discount rate	49,689.0		50,397.2
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	—		—
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	(283.4)		(185.7)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	49,405.6		50,211.5
Issuances1	1,131.4		1,208.1
Interest accretion	556.8		573.6
Benefit payments	(1,613.2)		(1,658.1)
Foreign currency	49.3		(83.9)
Ending balance at original discount rate	49,529.9		50,251.2
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	345.3		8,312.4
Balance, end of period	$	49,875.2	$	58,563.6
Net liability for future policy benefits	$	37,274.6	$	44,054.4
Other	1,849.5		2,196.7
Total liability for future policy benefits	39,124.1		46,251.1
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to future policy benefits	8,148.2		9,424.6
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable	$	30,975.9	$	36,826.5
1Issuances include new policy issuances for most product lines. For our Unum US group disability, Unum US group life and AD&D and Closed Block - All Other product lines and certain of our Unum International product lines, this line represents new claim incurrals.

The following tables summarize the amount of gross premiums and interest accretion reflected in the statements of income as well as the undiscounted and discounted expected gross premiums and expected future benefit payments and the weighted average interest rates for traditional long duration products presented in the rollforward activity above.

	Consolidated
	March 31
	2023		2022
	(in millions of dollars)
Amount recognized in the statement of income:
Gross premiums or assessments	$	2,390.0	$	2,345.7
Interest accretion	$	418.1	$	426.6

	Consolidated
	March 31
	2023			2022
	(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Amount of undiscounted:
Expected future benefit payments	$	96,591.0		$	97,828.7
Expected future gross premiums	$	35,284.9		$	35,260.2
Amount of discounted (at interest accretion rate):
Expected future gross premiums	$	23,805.9		$	23,907.2
Weighted average interest rate:
Interest accretion rate	4.8		%	4.7		%
Current discount rate	4.8		%	3.4		%
Weighted average duration of the liability	10.9 years			10.8 years

Unum US Segment

The following table presents the balances and changes in the reserves for future policy benefits for traditional long duration products in the Unum US segment.

	March 31, 2023
	Group Disability		Group Life and AD&D		Individual Disability		Voluntary Benefits		Total Unum US
	(in millions of dollars)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year	$	—	$	—	$	1,202.9	$	868.2	$	2,071.1
Beginning balance at original discount rate	—		—		1,228.1		937.9		2,166.0
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	—		—		—		—		—
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	—		—		(24.9)		(73.6)		(98.5)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	—		—		1,203.2		864.3		2,067.5
Issuances	—		—		48.8		85.7		134.5
Interest accretion	—		—		12.3		7.0		19.3
Net premiums collected	—		—		(44.7)		(37.8)		(82.5)
Ending balance at original discount rate	—		—		1,219.6		919.2		2,138.8
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	—		—		(6.3)		(50.9)		(57.2)
Balance, end of period	$	—	$	—	$	1,213.3	$	868.3	$	2,081.6
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year	$	5,533.3	$	972.6	$	3,192.8	$	1,999.5	$	11,698.2
Beginning balance at original discount rate	5,793.1		998.5		3,244.5		2,141.2		12,177.3
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	—		—		—		—		—
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	(107.5)		(21.2)		(36.0)		(85.9)		(250.6)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	5,685.6		977.3		3,208.5		2,055.3		11,926.7
Issuances1	425.3		228.4		50.2		92.3		796.2
Interest accretion	52.2		5.9		41.0		21.3		120.4
Benefit payments	(484.8)		(259.2)		(69.0)		(49.1)		(862.1)
Ending balance at original discount rate	5,678.3		952.4		3,230.7		2,119.8		11,981.2
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	(179.5)		(18.8)		15.2		(90.7)		(273.8)
Balance, end of period	$	5,498.8	$	933.6	$	3,245.9	$	2,029.1	$	11,707.4
Net liability for future policy benefits	$	5,498.8	$	933.6	$	2,032.6	$	1,160.8	$	9,625.8
Other	0.5		0.9		27.5		16.6		45.5
Total liability for future policy benefits	5,499.3		934.5		2,060.1		1,177.4		9,671.3
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to future policy benefits	42.5		5.6		195.2		12.5		255.8
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable	$	5,456.8	$	928.9	$	1,864.9	$	1,164.9	$	9,415.5
1Issuances include new policy issuances for most product lines. Issuances for Unum US group disability and Unum US group life and AD&D represents new claim incurrals.

	March 31, 2022
	Group Disability		Group Life and AD&D		Individual Disability		Voluntary Benefits		Total Unum US
	(in millions of dollars)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year	$	—	$	—	$	1,494.3	$	1,124.8	$	2,619.1
Beginning balance at original discount rate	—		—		1,279.6		1,032.3		2,311.9
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	—		—		—		—		—
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	—		—		(22.1)		(54.1)		(76.2)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	—		—		1,257.5		978.2		2,235.7
Issuances	—		—		48.3		101.8		150.1
Interest accretion	—		—		13.4		7.8		21.2
Net premiums collected	—		—		(45.7)		(48.3)		(94.0)
Ending balance at original discount rate	—		—		1,273.5		1,039.5		2,313.0
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	—		—		105.8		0.8		106.6
Balance, end of period	$	—	$	—	$	1,379.3	$	1,040.3	$	2,419.6
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year	$	6,725.7	$	1,124.1	$	4,017.3	$	2,697.3	$	14,564.4
Beginning balance at original discount rate	6,158.3		1,058.3		3,253.3		2,201.8		12,671.7
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	—		—		—		—		—
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	(56.4)		(7.6)		(20.5)		(56.8)		(141.3)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	6,101.9		1,050.7		3,232.8		2,145.0		12,530.4
Issuances1	448.8		242.8		49.6		107.6		848.8
Interest accretion	58.3		6.8		39.3		22.1		126.5
Benefit payments	(492.4)		(294.2)		(64.6)		(54.0)		(905.2)
Ending balance at original discount rate	6,116.6		1,006.1		3,257.1		2,220.7		12,600.5
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	197.3		24.6		409.3		210.2		841.4
Balance, end of period	$	6,313.9	$	1,030.7	$	3,666.4	$	2,430.9	$	13,441.9
Net liability for future policy benefits	$	6,313.9	$	1,030.7	$	2,287.1	$	1,390.6	$	11,022.3
Other	0.6		0.8		54.4		15.2		71.0
Total liability for future policy benefits	6,314.5		1,031.5		2,341.5		1,405.8		11,093.3
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to future policy benefits	58.0		4.7		216.8		28.7		308.2
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable	$	6,256.5	$	1,026.8	$	2,124.7	$	1,377.1	$	10,785.1
1Issuances include new policy issuances for most product lines. Issuances for Unum US group disability and Unum US group life and AD&D represents new claim incurrals.

The following tables summarize the amount of gross premiums and interest accretion reflected in the statements of income as well as the undiscounted and discounted expected gross premiums and expected future benefit payments and the weighted average interest rates for traditional long duration products in the Unum US segment presented in the rollforward activity above.

	March 31, 2023
	Group Disability		Group Life and AD&D		Individual Disability		Voluntary Benefits		Total Unum US
	(in millions of dollars)
Amount recognized in the statement of income:
Gross premiums or assessments	$	718.2	$	462.2	$	157.3	$	199.3	$	1,537.0
Interest accretion	$	52.2	$	5.9	$	28.7	$	14.3	$	101.1

	March 31, 2022
	Group Disability		Group Life and AD&D		Individual Disability		Voluntary Benefits		Total Unum US
	(in millions of dollars)
Amount recognized in the statement of income:
Gross premiums or assessments	$	676.1	$	460.1	$	148.4	$	202.8	$	1,487.4
Interest accretion	$	58.3	$	6.8	$	25.9	$	14.3	$	105.3

	March 31, 2023
	Group Disability			Group Life and AD&D			Individual Disability			Voluntary Benefits			Total Unum US
	(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Amount of undiscounted:
Expected future benefit payments	$	6,834.2		$	1,085.2		$	5,148.4		$	4,564.8		$	17,632.6
Expected future gross premiums	$	—		$	—		$	5,540.1		$	3,941.1		$	9,481.2
Amount of discounted (at interest accretion rate):
Expected future gross premiums	$	—		$	—		$	3,973.7		$	2,890.7		$	6,864.4
Weighted average interest rate:
Interest accretion rate	3.8		%	2.2		%	5.1		%	5.1		%	4.1		%
Current discount rate	4.6		%	2.7		%	4.8		%	5.0		%	4.5		%
Weighted average duration of the liability	4.3 years			2.7 years			9.4 years			17.9 years			6.8 years

	March 31, 2022
	Group Disability			Group Life and AD&D			Individual Disability			Voluntary Benefits			Total Unum US
	(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Amount of undiscounted:
Expected future benefit payments	$	7,396.0		$	1,168.8		$	5,199.6		$	4,222.2		$	17,986.6
Expected future gross premiums	$	—		$	—		$	5,567.9		$	4,152.4		$	9,720.3
Amount of discounted (at interest accretion rate):
Expected future gross premiums	$	—		$	—		$	3,953.4		$	3,182.0		$	7,135.4
Weighted average interest rate:
Interest accretion rate	3.9		%	2.4		%	5.0		%	5.1		%	4.1		%
Current discount rate	3.1		%	2.0		%	3.4		%	3.6		%	3.2		%
Weighted average duration of the liability	4.3 years			3.0 years			9.5 years			15.9 years			6.5 years

Unum International Segment

The following table presents the balances and changes in the reserves for future policy benefits for traditional long duration products in the Unum International segment.

	March 31
	2023		2022
	(in millions of dollars)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year	$	197.1	$	260.5
Beginning balance at original discount rate	246.8		258.1
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	—		—
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	4.5		2.2
Adjusted beginning of year balance	251.3		260.3
Issuances	6.3		5.0
Interest accretion	2.2		2.1
Net premiums collected	(5.2)		(5.7)
Foreign currency	3.4		(10.3)
Ending balance at original discount rate	258.0		251.4
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	(38.4)		(27.2)
Balance, end of period	$	219.6	$	224.2
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year	$	2,231.4	$	3,181.8
Beginning balance at original discount rate	2,495.5		2,703.8
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	—		—
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	2.2		15.7
Adjusted beginning of year balance	2,497.7		2,719.5
Issuances1	105.4		105.6
Interest accretion	15.7		18.0
Benefit payments	(118.6)		(118.8)
Foreign currency	49.3		(83.9)
Ending balance at original discount rate	2,549.5		2,640.4
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	(211.8)		144.7
Balance, end of period	$	2,337.7	$	2,785.1
Net liability for future policy benefits	$	2,118.1	$	2,560.9
Other	30.5		31.2
Total liability for future policy benefits	2,148.6		2,592.1
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to future policy benefits	74.7		101.0
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable	$	2,073.9	$	2,491.1
1Issuances for Unum International primarily represents new claim incurrals.

The following tables summarize the amount of gross premiums and interest accretion reflected in the statements of income as well as the undiscounted and discounted expected gross premiums and expected future benefit payments and the weighted average interest rates for traditional long duration products in the Unum International segment presented in the rollforward activity above.

	March 31
		2023		2022
		(in millions of dollars)
Amount recognized in the statement of income:
Gross premiums or assessments		$	208.5	$	205.0
Interest accretion		$	13.5	$	15.9

	March 31
		2023			2022
		(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Amount of undiscounted:
Expected future benefit payments		$	3,988.8		$	4,181.4
Expected future gross premiums		$	995.8		$	902.4
Amount of discounted (at interest accretion rate):
Expected future gross premiums		$	657.2		$	609.0
Weighted average interest rate:
Interest accretion rate		3.9		%	3.9		%
Current discount rate		4.8		%	3.0		%
Weighted average duration of the liability		8.6 years			8.8 years

Colonial Life Segment

The following table presents the balances and changes in the reserves for future policy benefits for traditional long duration products in the Colonial Life segment.

	March 31
	2023		2022
	(in millions of dollars)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year	$	3,745.4	$	4,597.0
Beginning balance at original discount rate	4,046.4		4,158.9
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	—		—
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	(46.3)		4.0
Adjusted beginning of year balance	4,000.1		4,162.9
Issuances	175.0		194.5
Interest accretion	33.0		34.7
Net premiums collected	(164.1)		(176.9)
Ending balance at original discount rate	4,044.0		4,215.2
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	(229.5)		110.7
Balance, end of period	$	3,814.5	$	4,325.9
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year	$	5,581.1	$	7,054.8
Beginning balance at original discount rate	6,163.9		6,201.5
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	—		—
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	(39.5)		(7.3)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	6,124.4		6,194.2
Issuances	184.9		203.4
Interest accretion	55.4		56.7
Benefit payments	(168.3)		(166.5)
Ending balance at original discount rate	6,196.4		6,287.8
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	(460.5)		248.8
Balance, end of period	$	5,735.9	$	6,536.6
Net liability for future policy benefits	$	1,921.4	$	2,210.7
Other	20.7		26.0
Total liability for future policy benefits	1,942.1		2,236.7
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to future policy benefits	0.8		1.9
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable	$	1,941.3	$	2,234.8

The following tables summarize the amount of gross premiums and interest accretion reflected in the statements of income as well as the undiscounted and discounted expected gross premiums and expected future benefit payments and the weighted average interest rates for traditional long duration products in the Colonial Life segment presented in the rollforward activity above.

	March 31
	2023		2022
	(in millions of dollars)
Amount recognized in the statement of income:
Gross premiums or assessments	$	412.2	$	412.6
Interest accretion	$	22.4	$	22.0

	March 31
	2023			2022
	(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Amount of undiscounted:
Expected future benefit payments	$	10,121.7		$	9,697.9
Expected future gross premiums	$	12,359.9		$	11,653.5
Amount of discounted (at interest accretion rate):
Expected future gross premiums	$	9,030.0		$	8,717.0
Weighted average interest rate:
Interest accretion rate	4.3		%	4.4		%
Current discount rate	5.0		%	3.6		%
Weighted average duration of the liability	17.4 years			16.5 years

Closed Block Segment

The following table presents the balances and changes in the reserves for future policy benefits for traditional long duration products in the Closed Block segment.

	March 31, 2023
	Long-term Care		All Other		Total Closed Block
	(in millions of dollars)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year	$	6,412.6	$	—	$	6,412.6
Beginning balance at original discount rate	6,236.1		—		6,236.1
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	—		—		—
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	8.4		—		8.4
Adjusted beginning of year balance	6,244.5		—		6,244.5
Interest accretion	84.2		—		84.2
Net premiums collected	(141.9)		—		(141.9)
Ending balance at original discount rate	6,186.8		—		6,186.8
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	298.1		—		298.1
Balance, end of period	$	6,484.9	$	—	$	6,484.9
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year	$	21,199.9	$	8,218.8	$	29,418.7
Beginning balance at original discount rate	20,221.6		8,630.7		28,852.3
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	—		—		—
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	12.6		(8.1)		4.5
Adjusted beginning of year balance	20,234.2		8,622.6		28,856.8
Issuances1	—		44.9		44.9
Interest accretion	274.7		90.6		365.3
Benefit payments	(198.4)		(265.8)		(464.2)
Ending balance at original discount rate	20,310.5		8,492.3		28,802.8
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	1,547.8		(256.4)		1,291.4
Balance, end of period	$	21,858.3	$	8,235.9	$	30,094.2
Net liability for future policy benefits	$	15,373.4	$	8,235.9	$	23,609.3
Other2	25.3		1,727.5		1,752.8
Total liability for future policy benefits	15,398.7		9,963.4		25,362.1
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to future policy benefits	5.6		7,811.2		7,816.8
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable	$	15,393.1	$	2,152.2	$	17,545.3
1Issuances for Closed Block - All Other represents new claim incurrals.
2Other for Closed Block - All Other primarily includes our closed block group pension products and certain of our ceded closed block individual life products.

	March 31, 2022
	Long-term Care		All Other		Total Closed Block
	(in millions of dollars)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year	$	8,404.7	$	—	$	8,404.7
Beginning balance at original discount rate	6,457.3		—		6,457.3
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	—		—		—
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	(45.9)		—		(45.9)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	6,411.4		—		6,411.4
Interest accretion	89.0		—		89.0
Net premiums collected	(142.2)		—		(142.2)
Ending balance at original discount rate	6,358.2		—		6,358.2
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	1,181.3		—		1,181.3
Balance, end of period	$	7,539.5	$	—	$	7,539.5
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year	$	30,089.6	$	10,414.4	$	40,504.0
Beginning balance at original discount rate	19,870.8		8,949.4		28,820.2
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	—		—		—
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	(50.5)		(2.3)		(52.8)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	19,820.3		8,947.1		28,767.4
Issuances1	—		50.3		50.3
Interest accretion	277.0		95.4		372.4
Benefit payments	(176.1)		(291.5)		(467.6)
Ending balance at original discount rate	19,921.2		8,801.3		28,722.5
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	6,424.6		652.9		7,077.5
Balance, end of period	$	26,345.8	$	9,454.2	$	35,800.0
Net liability for future policy benefits	$	18,806.3	$	9,454.2	$	28,260.5
Other2	27.3		2,041.2		2,068.5
Total liability for future policy benefits	18,833.6		11,495.4		30,329.0
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to future policy benefits	6.7		9,006.7		9,013.4
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable	$	18,826.9	$	2,488.7	$	21,315.6
1Issuances for Closed Block - All Other represents new claim incurrals.
2Other for Closed Block - All Other primarily includes our closed block group pension products and certain of our ceded closed block individual life products.

The following tables summarize the amount of gross premiums and interest accretion reflected in the statements of income as well as the undiscounted and discounted expected gross premiums and expected future benefit payments and the weighted average interest rates for traditional long duration products in the Closed Block segment presented in the rollforward activity above.

	March 31, 2023
	Long-term Care		All Other		Total Closed Block
	(in millions of dollars)
Amount recognized in the statement of income:
Gross premiums or assessments	$	175.1	$	57.2	$	232.3
Interest accretion	$	190.5	$	90.6	$	281.1

	March 31, 2022
	Long-term Care		All Other		Total Closed Block
	(in millions of dollars)
Amount recognized in the statement of income:
Gross premiums or assessments	$	174.8	$	65.9	$	240.7
Interest accretion	$	188.0	$	95.4	$	283.4

	March 31, 2023
	Long-term Care			All Other			Total Closed Block
	(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Amount of undiscounted:
Expected future benefit payments	$	52,312.2		$	12,535.7		$	64,847.9
Expected future gross premiums	$	12,448.0		$	—		$	12,448.0
Amount of discounted (at interest accretion rate):
Expected future gross premiums	$	7,254.3		$	—		$	7,254.3
Weighted average interest rate:
Interest accretion rate	5.6		%	4.6		%	5.2		%
Current discount rate	5.0%			4.9		%	5.0		%
Weighted average duration of the liability	15.3 years			7.4 years			12.3 years

	March 31, 2022
	Long-term Care			All Other			Total Closed Block
	(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Amount of undiscounted:
Expected future benefit payments	$	53,051.9		$	12,910.9		$	65,962.8
Expected future gross premiums	$	12,984.0		$	—		$	12,984.0
Amount of discounted (at interest accretion rate):
Expected future gross premiums	$	7,445.8		$	—		$	7,445.8
Weighted average interest rate:
Interest accretion rate	5.5		%	4.6		%	5.2		%
Current discount rate	3.6		%	3.5		%	3.6		%
Weighted average duration of the liability	16.1 years			7.3 years			12.6 years

Reconciliation

A reconciliation of the liability for future policy benefits reflected in the preceding rollforwards to the related liability balances in the consolidated balance sheets are as follows:

	March 31
	2023		2022
	(in millions of dollars)
Liability for future policy benefits
Unum US1	$	9,671.3	$	11,093.3
Unum International	2,148.6		2,592.1
Colonial Life	1,942.1		2,236.7
Closed Block1	25,362.1		30,329.0
Other products1	227.4		223.6
Total liability for future policy benefits	$	39,351.5	$	46,474.7

1Unum US excludes dental & vision and medical stop-loss product lines and Closed Block excludes our participating fund account, which represents policies issued by one of our subsidiaries prior to its 1986 conversion from a mutual stock life insurance company. The liabilities associated with these products are included within Other products.

Policyholder Account Balance

The following table presents the balances and changes in the policyholders' account balances:

	March 31, 2023
	Unum US - Voluntary Benefits			Colonial Life		Closed Block - All Other		Total
	(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Balance, beginning of year	$	586.8		$	852.4	$	4,159.4	$	5,598.6
Premiums received	15.4			22.3		6.3		44.0
Policy charges1	(15.5)			(19.0)		(26.3)		(60.8)
Surrenders and withdrawals	(9.0)			(10.2)		(5.1)		(24.3)
Benefit payments	(3.0)			(2.2)		(65.3)		(70.5)
Interest credited	5.7			8.6		79.7		94.0
Other	2.0			(0.2)		(17.2)		(15.4)
Balance, end of period	582.4			851.7		4,131.5		5,565.6
Reserves in excess of account balance	94.8			15.8		33.4		144.0
Total policyholders' account balances	677.2			867.5		4,164.9		5,709.6
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to policyholders' account balances	1.0			0.2		4,164.9		4,166.1
Net policyholders' account balances, after reinsurance recoverable	$	676.2		$	867.3	$	—	$	1,543.5
Weighted average crediting rate	3.9		%	4.0%		7.9%		6.9%
Net amount at risk2	$	4,794.7		$	9,182.6	$	1,842.7	$	15,820.0
Cash surrender value	$	572.3		$	805.0	$	4,036.2	$	5,413.5
1Contracts included in the policyholder account balances are generally charged a premium and/or monthly assessments on the basis of the account balance.
2For those guarantees of benefits that are payable in the event of death, the net amount at risk is generally defined as the current guaranteed minimum death benefit in excess of the current account balance at the balance sheet date.

	March 31, 2022
	Unum US - Voluntary Benefits		Colonial Life		Closed Block - All Other		Total
	(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Balance, beginning of year	$	598.7	$	849.2	$	4,231.7	$	5,679.6
Premiums received	17.2		23.4		5.1		45.7
Policy charges1	(16.9)		(20.0)		(27.5)		(64.4)
Surrenders and withdrawals	(10.2)		(10.0)		(3.1)		(23.3)
Benefit payments	(3.5)		(2.3)		(68.8)		(74.6)
Interest credited	6.9		8.5		74.8		90.2
Other	2.2		0.1		(25.2)		(22.9)
Balance, end of period	594.4		848.9		4,187.0		5,630.3
Reserves in excess of account balance	86.2		20.6		35.2		142.0
Total policyholders' account balances	680.6		869.5		4,222.2		5,772.3
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to policyholders' account balances	1.2		0.3		4,222.2		4,223.7
Net policyholders' account balances, after reinsurance recoverable	$	679.4	$	869.2	$	—	$	1,548.6
Weighted average crediting rate	4.6%		4.0%		7.3%		6.5%
Net amount at risk2	$	5,219.2	$	9,811.4	$	1,937.7	$	16,968.3
Cash surrender value	$	588.7	$	789.3	$	4,049.7	$	5,427.7
1Contracts included in the policyholder account balances are generally charged a premium and/or monthly assessments on the basis of the account balance.
2For those guarantees of benefits that are payable in the event of death, the net amount at risk is generally defined as the current guaranteed minimum death benefit in excess of the current account balance at the balance sheet date.

Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate

The balance of the account values by range of guaranteed minimum crediting rates and the related range of difference, in basis points, between rates being credited to policyholders and the respective guaranteed minimums is as follows.

	March 31, 2023
Range of Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate	At Guaranteed Minimum		1 Basis Point - 50 Basis Points Above		51 Basis Points - 150 Basis Points Above		Greater than 150 Basis Points Above		Total
	(in millions of dollars)
	Unum US - Voluntary Benefits
3.00% - 3.99%	$	93.1	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	93.1
4.00% - 4.99%	270.8		185.2		—		—		456.0
5.00% - 6.00%	33.3		—		—		—		33.3
	397.2		185.2		—		—		582.4
	Colonial Life
4.00% - 5.00%	845.6		6.1		—		—		851.7
	Closed Block - All Other
3.00% - 5.99%	1,511.4		29.3		6.5		—		1,547.2
6.00% - 8.99%	27.0		—		—		—		27.0
9.00% - 11.99%	2,371.6		—		—		—		2,371.6
12.00% - 15.00%	185.7		—		—		—		185.7
	4,095.7		29.3		6.5		—		4,131.5
Total	$	5,338.5	$	220.6	$	6.5	$	—	$	5,565.6

	March 31, 2022
Range of Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate	At Guaranteed Minimum		1 Basis Point - 50 Basis Points Above		51 Basis Points - 150 Basis Points Above		Greater than 150 Basis Points Above		Total
	(in millions of dollars)
	Unum US - Voluntary Benefits
3.00% - 3.99%	$	96.6	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	96.6
4.00% - 4.99%	284.5		178.5		—		—		463.0
5.00% - 6.00%	34.8		—		—		—		34.8
	415.9		178.5		—		—		594.4
	Colonial Life
4.00% - 5.00%	843.1		5.8		—		—		848.9
	Closed Block - All Other
3.00% - 5.99%	1,770.8		28.8		6.5		—		1,806.1
6.00% - 8.99%	29.3		—		—		—		29.3
9.00% - 11.99%	2,193.7		—		—		—		2,193.7
12.00% - 15.00%	157.9		—		—		—		157.9
	4,151.7		28.8		6.5		—		4,187.0
Total	$	5,410.7	$	213.1	$	6.5	$	—	$	5,630.3

Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs

The following tables display the changes in DAC throughout the period:

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	Unum US		Unum International		Colonial Life		Total
	(in millions of dollars)
Balance, beginning of year	$	1,185.1	$	37.0	$	1,337.9	$	2,560.0
Capitalization	79.0		3.5		75.2		157.7
Amortization expense	(65.8)		(1.8)		(48.3)		(115.9)
Foreign currency	—		0.6		—		0.6
Balance, end of period	$	1,198.3	$	39.3	$	1,364.8	$	2,602.4

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
	Unum US		Unum International		Colonial Life		Total
	(in millions of dollars)
Balance, beginning of year	$	1,152.9	$	36.4	$	1,238.1	$	2,427.4
Capitalization	68.3		3.5		70.0		141.8
Amortization expense	(56.9)		(2.1)		(44.6)		(103.6)
Foreign currency	—		(1.3)		—		(1.3)
Balance, end of period	$	1,164.3	$	36.5	$	1,263.5	$	2,464.3

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	Unum US Segment
	Group Disability		Group Life and AD&D		Individual Disability		Voluntary Benefits		Dental and Vision		Total
	(in millions of dollars)
Balance, beginning of year	$	61.0	$	49.3	$	464.4	$	601.0	$	9.4	$	1,185.1
Capitalization	14.6		9.8		21.3		30.3		3.0		79.0
Amortization expense	(13.1)		(9.8)		(13.3)		(27.1)		(2.5)		(65.8)
Balance, end of period	$	62.5	$	49.3	$	472.4	$	604.2	$	9.9	$	1,198.3

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
	Unum US Segment
	Group Disability		Group Life and AD&D		Individual Disability		Voluntary Benefits		Dental and Vision		Total
	(in millions of dollars)
Balance, beginning of year	$	60.9	$	53.9	$	441.8	$	588.6	$	7.7	$	1,152.9
Capitalization	12.7		9.1		17.5		26.6		2.4		68.3
Amortization expense	(11.1)		(9.4)		(12.3)		(21.9)		(2.2)		(56.9)
Balance, end of period	$	62.5	$	53.6	$	447.0	$	593.3	$	7.9	$	1,164.3