Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2013
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Principles of Consolidation	Principles of Consolidation The Company’s consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Rayonier and its subsidiaries, in which it has a majority ownership or controlling interest. As of April 2013, the Company held a controlling interest (65 percent) of its New Zealand JV, and, as such, consolidates 100 percent of its results of operations and balance sheet. The Company also records a noncontrolling interest in its consolidated financial statements representing the minority ownership interest (35 percent) of the New Zealand JV’s results of operations and equity. All intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated. On April 4, 2013 (the “acquisition date”), the Company acquired an additional 39 percent ownership interest in Matariki Forestry Group , a New Zealand JV that owns or leases approximately 0.3 million acres of New Zealand timberlands. As a result of the acquisition, Rayonier is a 65 percent owner of the New Zealand JV and 100 percent of the results of its operations subsequent to April 4, 2013 have been included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements, along with 100 percent of the JV’s assets and liabilities at December 31, 2013. The portions of the consolidated financial position and results of operations attributable to the New Zealand JV’s 35 percent noncontrolling interest are also shown separately.
Use of Estimates	Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and to disclose contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. There are risks inherent in estimating and therefore actual results could differ from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents	Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include time deposits with original maturities of three months or less. At December 31, 2013 the consolidated cash balance included a one-month time deposit of $45 million which bore interest at 24 basis points.
Inventory	Inventory Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market. The costs of manufactured performance fibers are determined on the first-in, first-out basis. Other products are valued on an average cost basis. Inventory costs include material, labor and manufacturing overhead. Physical counts of inventories are taken at least annually. The need for a provision for estimated losses from obsolete, excess or slow-moving inventories is reviewed periodically. HBU real estate properties that are expected to be sold within one year are included in inventory, while properties that are expected to be sold after one year are included in “Other assets.”
Timber	Timber Timber is stated at the lower of cost or market value. Costs relating to acquiring, planting and growing timber including real estate taxes, lease rental payments, site preparation and direct support costs relating to facilities, vehicles and supplies are capitalized. Payroll costs are capitalized only for time spent on these activities, while interest or any other soft costs aside from those mentioned above are not capitalized. Such accumulated costs attributed to merchantable timber are charged to cost of goods sold (depletion) at the time the timber is harvested or when the underlying timberland is sold based on the relationship of timber sold to the estimated volume of currently merchantable timber. Upon the acquisition of timberland, the Company makes a determination on whether to combine the newly acquired merchantable timber with an existing depletion pool or to create a new, separate pool. This determination is based on the geographic location of the new timber, the customers/markets that will be served and the species mix. If the acquisition is similar, the cost of the acquired timber is combined into an existing depletion pool and a new depletion rate is calculated for the pool. This determination and depletion rate adjustment normally occurs in the quarter following the acquisition, concurrent with the harvesting of the acquired timber.
Property, Plant, Equipment and Depreciation	Property, Plant, Equipment and Depreciation Property, plant and equipment additions are recorded at cost, including applicable freight, interest, construction and installation costs. Performance Fibers mill assets are depreciated using the units-of-production method. The Company depreciates its non-production Performance Fibers assets, including office, lab and transportation equipment, using the straight-line depreciation method over 3 to 25 years. Buildings and land improvements are depreciated using the straight-line method over 15 to 35 years and 5 to 30 years, respectively. Gains and losses on the retirement of assets are included in operating income. Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets that are held and used is measured by net undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value of the assets, which is based on a discounted cash flow model. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell.
Capitalized Interest	Capitalized Interest In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 835-20, Capitalization of Interest, interest from external borrowings is capitalized on major projects with an expected construction period of one year or longer. The interest costs are added to the cost of the underlying basis of the property, plant and equipment and amortized over the useful life of the assets.
Fair Value Measurements	Fair Value Measurements Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A three-level hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value was established as follows: Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 — Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data. Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. This includes certain pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs. The fair value of the fuel swap contracts is determined by a mark-to-market valuation which estimates fair value by discounting the difference between the contracted forward price and the current forward price for the residual maturity of the contract. The fair value of foreign currency exchange contracts is determined by a mark-to-market valuation which estimates fair value by discounting the difference between the contracted forward price and the current forward price for the residual maturity of the contract using a risk-free interest rate. The fair value of foreign currency option contracts is based on a mark-to-market calculation using the Black Scholes option pricing model. Fair Value of Financial Instruments A three-level hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value was established in the Accounting Standards Codification as follows: Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 — Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1. Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Rayonier uses the following methods and assumptions in estimating the fair value of its financial instruments: Cash and cash equivalents and Restricted cash — The carrying amount is equal to fair market value. Debt — The fair value of fixed rate debt is based upon quoted market prices for debt with similar terms and maturities. The variable rate debt adjusts with changes in the market rate, therefore the carrying value approximates fair value. Interest rate swap agreements — The fair value of interest rate contracts is determined by discounting the expected future cash flows, for each instrument, at prevailing interest rates. Foreign currency exchange contracts — The fair value of foreign currency exchange contracts is determined by a mark-to-market valuation which estimates fair value by discounting the difference between the contracted forward price and the current forward price for the residual maturity of the contract using a risk-free interest rate. Foreign currency option contracts — The fair value of foreign currency option contracts is based on a mark-to-market calculation using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. valuation methodology used for measuring the fair value of these asset categories was as follows: Level 1 — Net asset value in an observable market. Level 2 — Assets classified as level two are held in collective trust funds. The net asset value of a collective trust is calculated by determining the fair value of the fund’s underlying assets, deducting its liabilities, and dividing by the units outstanding as of the valuation date. These funds are not publicly traded; however, the unit price calculation is based on observable market inputs of the funds’ underlying assets.
Foreign Currency Translation	Foreign Currency Translation The functional currency of the Company’s New Zealand-based operations and its JV investment is the New Zealand dollar. All assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate in effect at the respective balance sheet dates. Translation gain and losses are recorded as a separate component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss), (“AOCI”), within Shareholders’ Equity.
Revenue Recognition	Revenue Recognition The Company generally recognizes revenues when the following criteria are met: (i) persuasive evidence of an agreement exists, (ii) delivery has occurred, (iii) the Company’s price to the buyer is fixed and determinable, and (iv) collectibility is reasonably assured. Revenue from the sale of timber is recorded when title passes to the buyer. Timber sales are either sales of delivered logs or stumpage sales. Stumpage sales in the Atlantic, Gulf States and Northern regions and New Zealand are primarily made on a pay-as-cut basis. Title and risk of loss are transferred when the timber is cut. Sales of delivered logs generally do not require an initial payment and are made to third-party customers on open credit terms. The Company also sells the rights to cut standing timber on specified parcels of land through lump sum timber sale agreements. The Company retains interest in the land, slash products, and the use of the land for recreational and other purposes. Title and risk of loss to the timber pass to the purchaser upon contract execution. Any uncut timber remaining at the end of the contract period reverts to the Company. Real estate sales are recorded when title passes, full payment or a minimum down payment of 25 percent is received and full collectibility is assured. If a down payment of less than 25 percent is received at closing or if full collectibility is not reasonably assured, the Company typically records revenue based on the installment method or cost recovery method. Revenue from domestic sales of Performance Fibers products is recorded when title passes which, depending on the contract, is either at time of shipment or when the customer receives goods. Foreign sales of Performance Fibers products are recorded when the customer or agent receives the goods and title passes. The Company’s Other segment includes log trading sales. Revenue is recorded when the goods are received by the customer and title passes.
Environmental Costs	Environmental Costs Rayonier expenses environmental costs related to ongoing businesses resulting from current operations. Expenditures that meaningfully extend the life or increase the efficiency of operating assets are capitalized. The Company has established liabilities to assess, remediate and monitor sites related to dispositions or discontinued operations from which no current or future benefit is discernible. These obligations are established based on payments over the next 20 years and require significant estimates to determine the proper amount at any point in time. Generally, monitoring expense obligations are fixed once remediation projects are at or near completion. The projected period, from 2014 through 2033, reflects the time in which potential future costs are both estimable and probable. As new information becomes available, these cost estimates are updated and the recorded liabilities are adjusted appropriately. Environmental liabilities are accounted for on an undiscounted basis and are reflected in current and non-current “Liabilities for dispositions and discontinued operations” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Employee Benefit Plans	Employee Benefit Plans The determination of expense and funding requirements for Rayonier’s four defined benefit pension plans, its unfunded excess pension plan and its postretirement health care and life insurance plans are largely based on a number of actuarial assumptions. The key assumptions include discount rate, return on assets, salary increases, health care cost trends, mortality rates, longevity and service lives of employees. See Note 22 — Employee Benefit Plans for assumptions used to determine benefit obligations, the net periodic benefit cost and health care cost trend rates for the year ended December 31, 2013. Periodic pension and other postretirement expense is included in “Cost of sales” and “Selling and general expenses” in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income. At December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company’s pension plans were in a net liability position (underfunded) of $71.7 million and $133.8 million, respectively. The estimated amount to be paid in the next 12 months is recorded in “Accrued payroll and benefits” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, with the remainder recorded as a long-term liability in “Pension and other postretirement benefits.” Changes in the funded status of the Company’s plans are recorded through comprehensive income (loss) in the year in which the changes occur. See Note 22 — Employee Benefit Plans for additional information. o At December 31, 2013, the pension plans’ discount rate was 4.60 percent, which closely approximates interest rates on high quality, long-term obligations. Effective December 31, 2013, the expected return on plan assets remained at 8.5 percent, which is based on historical and expected long-term rates of return on broad equity and bond indices and consideration of the actual annualized rate of return. The Company, with the assistance of external consultants, utilizes this information in developing assumptions for returns, and risks and correlation of asset classes, which are then used to establish the asset allocation ranges. The following t
Income Taxes	Income Taxes The Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, operating loss carryforwards and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured pursuant to tax laws using rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which the temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The Company recognizes the effect of a change in income tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income in the period that includes the enactment date of the rate change. The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce the carrying amounts of deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not that such deferred tax assets will not be realized. In determining the provision for income taxes, the Company computes an annual effective income tax rate based on annual income by legal entity, permanent differences between book and tax, and statutory income tax rates by jurisdiction. Inherent in the effective tax rate is an assessment of the ultimate outcome of uncertain tax positions. The Company adjusts its annual effective tax rate as additional information on outcomes or events becomes available. Discrete items such as taxing authority examination findings or legislative changes are recognized in the period in which they occur. The Company’s income tax returns are subject to audit by U.S. federal, state and foreign taxing authorities. In evaluating the tax benefits associated with various tax filing positions, the Company records a tax benefit for an uncertain tax position if it is more-likely-than-not to be realized upon ultimate settlement of the issue. The Company records a liability for an uncertain tax position that does not meet this criterion. The Company adjusts its liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits in the period in which it is determined the issue is settled with the taxing authorities, the statute of limitations expires for the relevant taxing authority to examine the tax position or when new facts or information becomes available. Liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits are included in “Uncertain tax positions” and “Other non-current liabilities” in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. See Note 10 — Income Taxes for additional information.
Reclassifications	Reclassifications Certain 2012 and 2011 amounts have been reclassified to conform with the current year presentation. See Note 3 — Sale of Wood Products Business for information regarding reclassifications for discontinued operations.
New or Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements	New or Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In December 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2011-11, Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities. The standard requires enhanced disclosures about assets and liabilities that are subject to a master netting agreement or when the right of offset exists. In January 2013, the FASB issued ASU No. 2013-01, Clarifying the Scope of Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities. This pronouncement limits the scope of ASU No. 2011-1. The standards’ disclosure requirements are retrospective and were effective beginning in first quarter 2013. See Note 6 — Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities for the disclosures required under this guidance. In February 2013, the FASB issued ASU No. 2013-02, Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. This standard requires reporting, in one place, information about reclassifications out of AOCI by component. An entity is required to present, either on the face of the financial statements or in the notes, significant amounts reclassified out of AOCI by the respective line items of net income, but only if the amount is reclassified in its entirety in the same reporting period. For amounts that are not required to be reclassified to net income in their entirety, an entity is required to cross-reference to other currently required disclosures that provide additional detail about those amounts. The information required by this standard must be presented in one place, either parenthetically on the face of the financial statements by income statement line item or in a note. See Note 15 — Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss) for the disclosures required under this guidance. In March 2013, the FASB issued ASU No. 2013-05, Parent’s Accounting for the Cumulative Translation Adjustment upon Derecognition of Certain Subsidiaries or Groups of Assets within a Foreign Entity or of an Investment in a Foreign Entity. This standard requires a parent entity to release a related foreign entity’s cumulative translation adjustment into net income only if its sale or transfer results in the complete or substantially complete liquidation of the foreign entity in which the subsidiary or group of assets had resided. The cumulative translation adjustment should be released into net income if the transaction results in the loss of a controlling financial interest in a foreign entity or results in an acquirer obtaining control of an acquiree in which it held an equity interest immediately before the acquisition date. ASU No. 2013-05 will be effective for first quarter 2014. The Company does not expect the adoption of this standard to have any impact on its consolidated financial statements.
Discontinued Operations	Accordingly, the operating results of the Wood Products business, formerly reported as a separate operating segment, are classified as discontinued operations in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for all periods presented. Certain administrative and general costs historically allocated to the Wood Products segment, which will remain with the Company after the sale, are reported in continuing operations.
Equity Method Investments	The Company’s operating results for the year ended December 31, 2013 reflect 26 percent of the New Zealand JV’s income prior to the acquisition date, as reported in “Equity in income of New Zealand joint venture” in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income. Prior to the acquisition of a majority interest in the New Zealand JV, Rayonier recorded its proportionate share of its cash flow hedges as increases or decreases to “Investment in Joint Venture” with corresponding adjustments to “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Segment Reporting	Operating income as presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income is equal to segment income. Certain income (loss) items in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income are not allocated to segments. These items, which include gains (losses) from certain asset dispositions, interest income (expense), miscellaneous income (expense) and income tax (expense) benefit, are not considered by management to be part of segment operations.
Derivatives	Accounting for derivative financial instruments is governed by ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, (“ASC 815”). In accordance with ASC 815, the Company records its derivative instruments at fair value as either assets or liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Changes in the instruments’ fair value are accounted for based on their intended use. Gains and losses on derivatives that are designated and qualify for cash flow hedge accounting are recorded as a component of AOCI and reclassified into earnings when the hedged transaction materializes. The ineffective portion of any hedge as well as changes in the fair value of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments and those which are no longer effective as hedging instruments, are recognized immediately in earnings.
Offsetting Derivatives	Derivative financial instruments are presented at their gross fair values in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company’s derivative financial instruments are not subject to master netting arrangements which would allow the right of offset.
Debt Issuance Costs	Debt issuance costs are capitalized and amortized to interest expense over the term of the debt to which they relate using a method that approximates the interest method.
Software Costs	Software costs are capitalized and amortized over a period not exceeding five years using the straight-line method.
Earnings Per Common Share	Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is calculated by dividing net income attributable to Rayonier by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted EPS is calculated by dividing net income attributable to Rayonier by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding adjusted to include the potentially dilutive effect of outstanding stock options, performance shares, restricted shares and convertible debt.
Incentive Stock Plans	Non-Qualified Employee Stock Options The exercise price of each non-qualified stock option granted under the Stock Plan is equal to the closing market price of the Company’s stock on the grant date. Under the Stock Plan, the maximum term is ten years from the grant date. Awards vest ratably over three years. The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The expected volatility is based on historical volatility for each grant and is calculated using the historical change in the daily market price of the Company’s common stock over the expected life of the award. The expected life is based on prior exercise behavior. The Company has elected to value each grant in total and recognize the expense for stock options on a straight-line basis over three years. Performance Share Units The Company’s performance share units generally vest upon completion of a three-year period. The number of shares, if any, that are ultimately awarded is contingent upon Rayonier’s total shareholder return versus selected peer group companies. The performance share payout is based on a market condition and as such, the awards are valued using a Monte Carlo simulation model. The model generates the fair value of the award at the grant date, which is then amortized over the vesting period. The Stock Plan allows for the cash settlement of the minimum required withholding tax on performance share unit awards. As of December 31, 2013, there was $8.2 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to the Company’s performance share unit awards. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.7 years. Restricted Stock Restricted stock granted under the Stock Plan generally vests upon completion of a one to three year period. The fair value of each share granted is equal to the share price of the Company’s stock on the date of grant. As of December 31, 2013, there was $1.1 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to the Company’s outstanding restricted stock. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.5 years. Expected volatility was estimated using daily returns on the Company’s common stock for the three-year period ending on the grant date. The risk-free rate was based on the 3-year U.S. treasury rate on the date of the award. The dividend yield was not used to calculate fair value as all awards granted after January 1, 2010 receive dividend equivalents.
Consolidating Financial Statements	The condensed consolidating financial information below follows the same accounting policies as described in the consolidated financial statements, except for the use of the equity method of accounting to reflect ownership interests in wholly-owned subsidiaries, which are eliminated upon consolidation, and the allocation of certain expenses of Rayonier Inc. incurred for the benefit of its subsidiaries.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2013

The Company’s consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Rayonier and its subsidiaries, in which it has a majority ownership or controlling interest. As of April 2013, the Company held a controlling interest (65 percent) of its New Zealand JV, and, as such, consolidates 100 percent of its results of operations and balance sheet. The Company also records a noncontrolling interest in its consolidated financial statements representing the minority ownership interest (35 percent) of the New Zealand JV’s results of operations and equity.

All intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated.

On April 4, 2013 (the “acquisition date”), the Company acquired an additional 39 percent ownership interest in Matariki Forestry Group , a New Zealand JV that owns or leases approximately 0.3 million acres of New Zealand timberlands. As a result of the acquisition, Rayonier is a 65 percent owner of the New Zealand JV and 100 percent of the results of its operations subsequent to April 4, 2013 have been included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements, along with 100 percent of the JV’s assets and liabilities at December 31, 2013. The portions of the consolidated financial position and results of operations attributable to the New Zealand JV’s 35 percent noncontrolling interest are also shown separately.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and to disclose contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. There are risks inherent in estimating and therefore actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include time deposits with original maturities of three months or less. At December 31, 2013 the consolidated cash balance included a one-month time deposit of $45 million which bore interest at 24 basis points.

Inventory

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market. The costs of manufactured performance fibers are determined on the first-in, first-out basis. Other products are valued on an average cost basis. Inventory costs include material, labor and manufacturing overhead. Physical counts of inventories are taken at least annually. The need for a provision for estimated losses from obsolete, excess or slow-moving inventories is reviewed periodically.

HBU real estate properties that are expected to be sold within one year are included in inventory, while properties that are expected to be sold after one year are included in “Other assets.”

Timber

Timber is stated at the lower of cost or market value. Costs relating to acquiring, planting and growing timber including real estate taxes, lease rental payments, site preparation and direct support costs relating to facilities, vehicles and supplies are capitalized. Payroll costs are capitalized only for time spent on these activities, while interest or any other soft costs aside from those mentioned above are not capitalized. Such accumulated costs attributed to merchantable timber are charged to cost of goods sold (depletion) at the time the timber is harvested or when the underlying timberland is sold based on the relationship of timber sold to the estimated volume of currently merchantable timber. Upon the acquisition of timberland, the Company makes a determination on whether to combine the newly acquired merchantable timber with an existing depletion pool or to create a new, separate pool. This determination is based on the geographic location of the new timber, the customers/markets that will be served and the species mix. If the acquisition is similar, the cost of the acquired timber is combined into an existing depletion pool and a new depletion rate is calculated for the pool. This determination and depletion rate adjustment normally occurs in the quarter following the acquisition, concurrent with the harvesting of the acquired timber.

Property, Plant, Equipment and Depreciation

Property, plant and equipment additions are recorded at cost, including applicable freight, interest, construction and installation costs. Performance Fibers mill assets are depreciated using the units-of-production method. The Company depreciates its non-production Performance Fibers assets, including office, lab and transportation equipment, using the straight-line depreciation method over 3 to 25 years. Buildings and land improvements are depreciated using the straight-line method over 15 to 35 years and 5 to 30 years, respectively.

Gains and losses on the retirement of assets are included in operating income. Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets that are held and used is measured by net undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value of the assets, which is based on a discounted cash flow model. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell.

Capitalized Interest

In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 835-20, Capitalization of Interest, interest from external borrowings is capitalized on major projects with an expected construction period of one year or longer. The interest costs are added to the cost of the underlying basis of the property, plant and equipment and amortized over the useful life of the assets.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A three-level hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value was established as follows:

Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 — Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. This includes certain pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs.

The fair value of the fuel swap contracts is determined by a mark-to-market valuation which estimates fair value by discounting the difference between the contracted forward price and the current forward price for the residual maturity of the contract.

The fair value of foreign currency exchange contracts is determined by a mark-to-market valuation which estimates fair value by discounting the difference between the contracted forward price and the current forward price for the residual maturity of the contract using a risk-free interest rate. The fair value of foreign currency option contracts is based on a mark-to-market calculation using the Black Scholes option pricing model.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

A three-level hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value was established in the Accounting Standards Codification as follows:

Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 — Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1.

Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

Rayonier uses the following methods and assumptions in estimating the fair value of its financial instruments:

Cash and cash equivalents and Restricted cash — The carrying amount is equal to fair market value.

Debt — The fair value of fixed rate debt is based upon quoted market prices for debt with similar terms and maturities. The variable rate debt adjusts with changes in the market rate, therefore the carrying value approximates fair value.

Interest rate swap agreements — The fair value of interest rate contracts is determined by discounting the expected future cash flows, for each instrument, at prevailing interest rates.

Foreign currency exchange contracts — The fair value of foreign currency exchange contracts is determined by a mark-to-market valuation which estimates fair value by discounting the difference between the contracted forward price and the current forward price for the residual maturity of the contract using a risk-free interest rate.

Foreign currency option contracts — The fair value of foreign currency option contracts is based on a mark-to-market calculation using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.

valuation methodology used for measuring the fair value of these asset categories was as follows:

Level 1 — Net asset value in an observable market.

Level 2 — Assets classified as level two are held in collective trust funds. The net asset value of a collective trust is calculated by determining the fair value of the fund’s underlying assets, deducting its liabilities, and dividing by the units outstanding as of the valuation date. These funds are not publicly traded; however, the unit price calculation is based on observable market inputs of the funds’ underlying assets.

Foreign Currency Translation

The functional currency of the Company’s New Zealand-based operations and its JV investment is the New Zealand dollar. All assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate in effect at the respective balance sheet dates. Translation gain and losses are recorded as a separate component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss), (“AOCI”), within Shareholders’ Equity.

Revenue Recognition

The Company generally recognizes revenues when the following criteria are met: (i) persuasive evidence of an agreement exists, (ii) delivery has occurred, (iii) the Company’s price to the buyer is fixed and determinable, and (iv) collectibility is reasonably assured.

Revenue from the sale of timber is recorded when title passes to the buyer. Timber sales are either sales of delivered logs or stumpage sales. Stumpage sales in the Atlantic, Gulf States and Northern regions and New Zealand are primarily made on a pay-as-cut basis. Title and risk of loss are transferred when the timber is cut. Sales of delivered logs generally do not require an initial payment and are made to third-party customers on open credit terms. The Company also sells the rights to cut standing timber on specified parcels of land through lump sum timber sale agreements. The Company retains interest in the land, slash products, and the use of the land for recreational and other purposes. Title and risk of loss to the timber pass to the purchaser upon contract execution. Any uncut timber remaining at the end of the contract period reverts to the Company.

Real estate sales are recorded when title passes, full payment or a minimum down payment of 25 percent is received and full collectibility is assured. If a down payment of less than 25 percent is received at closing or if full collectibility is not reasonably assured, the Company typically records revenue based on the installment method or cost recovery method.

Revenue from domestic sales of Performance Fibers products is recorded when title passes which, depending on the contract, is either at time of shipment or when the customer receives goods. Foreign sales of Performance Fibers products are recorded when the customer or agent receives the goods and title passes.

The Company’s Other segment includes log trading sales. Revenue is recorded when the goods are received by the customer and title passes.

Environmental Costs

Rayonier expenses environmental costs related to ongoing businesses resulting from current operations. Expenditures that meaningfully extend the life or increase the efficiency of operating assets are capitalized.

The Company has established liabilities to assess, remediate and monitor sites related to dispositions or discontinued operations from which no current or future benefit is discernible. These obligations are established based on payments over the next 20 years and require significant estimates to determine the proper amount at any point in time. Generally, monitoring expense obligations are fixed once remediation projects are at or near completion. The projected period, from 2014 through 2033, reflects the time in which potential future costs are both estimable and probable. As new information becomes available, these cost estimates are updated and the recorded liabilities are adjusted appropriately. Environmental liabilities are accounted for on an undiscounted basis and are reflected in current and non-current “Liabilities for dispositions and discontinued operations” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Employee Benefit Plans

The determination of expense and funding requirements for Rayonier’s four defined benefit pension plans, its unfunded excess pension plan and its postretirement health care and life insurance plans are largely based on a number of actuarial assumptions. The key assumptions include discount rate, return on assets, salary increases, health care cost trends, mortality rates, longevity and service lives of employees. See Note 22 — Employee Benefit Plans for assumptions used to determine benefit obligations, the net periodic benefit cost and health care cost trend rates for the year ended December 31, 2013.

Periodic pension and other postretirement expense is included in “Cost of sales” and “Selling and general expenses” in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income. At December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company’s pension plans were in a net liability position (underfunded) of $71.7 million and $133.8 million, respectively. The estimated amount to be paid in the next 12 months is recorded in “Accrued payroll and benefits” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, with the remainder recorded as a long-term liability in “Pension and other postretirement benefits.” Changes in the funded status of the Company’s plans are recorded through comprehensive income (loss) in the year in which the changes occur. See Note 22 — Employee Benefit Plans for additional information.

At December 31, 2013, the pension plans’ discount rate was 4.60 percent, which closely approximates interest rates on high quality, long-term obligations. Effective December 31, 2013, the expected return on plan assets remained at 8.5 percent, which is based on historical and expected long-term rates of return on broad equity and bond indices and consideration of the actual annualized rate of return. The Company, with the assistance of external consultants, utilizes this information in developing assumptions for returns, and risks and correlation of asset classes, which are then used to establish the asset allocation ranges.

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Income Taxes

The Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, operating loss carryforwards and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured pursuant to tax laws using rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which the temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The Company recognizes the effect of a change in income tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income in the period that includes the enactment date of the rate change. The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce the carrying amounts of deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not that such deferred tax assets will not be realized.

In determining the provision for income taxes, the Company computes an annual effective income tax rate based on annual income by legal entity, permanent differences between book and tax, and statutory income tax rates by jurisdiction. Inherent in the effective tax rate is an assessment of the ultimate outcome of uncertain tax positions. The Company adjusts its annual effective tax rate as additional information on outcomes or events becomes available. Discrete items such as taxing authority examination findings or legislative changes are recognized in the period in which they occur.

The Company’s income tax returns are subject to audit by U.S. federal, state and foreign taxing authorities. In evaluating the tax benefits associated with various tax filing positions, the Company records a tax benefit for an uncertain tax position if it is more-likely-than-not to be realized upon ultimate settlement of the issue. The Company records a liability for an uncertain tax position that does not meet this criterion. The Company adjusts its liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits in the period in which it is determined the issue is settled with the taxing authorities, the statute of limitations expires for the relevant taxing authority to examine the tax position or when new facts or information becomes available. Liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits are included in “Uncertain tax positions” and “Other non-current liabilities” in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. See Note 10 — Income Taxes for additional information.

Reclassifications

Certain 2012 and 2011 amounts have been reclassified to conform with the current year presentation. See Note 3 — Sale of Wood Products Business for information regarding reclassifications for discontinued operations.

New or Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2011-11, Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities. The standard requires enhanced disclosures about assets and liabilities that are subject to a master netting agreement or when the right of offset exists. In January 2013, the FASB issued ASU No. 2013-01, Clarifying the Scope of Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities. This pronouncement limits the scope of ASU No. 2011-1. The standards’ disclosure requirements are retrospective and were effective beginning in first quarter 2013. See Note 6 — Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities for the disclosures required under this guidance.

In February 2013, the FASB issued ASU No. 2013-02, Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. This standard requires reporting, in one place, information about reclassifications out of AOCI by component. An entity is required to present, either on the face of the financial statements or in the notes, significant amounts reclassified out of AOCI by the respective line items of net income, but only if the amount is reclassified in its entirety in the same reporting period. For amounts that are not required to be reclassified to net income in their entirety, an entity is required to cross-reference to other currently required disclosures that provide additional detail about those amounts. The information required by this standard must be presented in one place, either parenthetically on the face of the financial statements by income statement line item or in a note. See Note 15 — Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss) for the disclosures required under this guidance.

In March 2013, the FASB issued ASU No. 2013-05, Parent’s Accounting for the Cumulative Translation Adjustment upon Derecognition of Certain Subsidiaries or Groups of Assets within a Foreign Entity or of an Investment in a Foreign Entity. This standard requires a parent entity to release a related foreign entity’s cumulative translation adjustment into net income only if its sale or transfer results in the complete or substantially complete liquidation of the foreign entity in which the subsidiary or group of assets had resided. The cumulative translation adjustment should be released into net income if the transaction results in the loss of a controlling financial interest in a foreign entity or results in an acquirer obtaining control of an acquiree in which it held an equity interest immediately before the acquisition date. ASU No. 2013-05 will be effective for first quarter 2014. The Company does not expect the adoption of this standard to have any impact on its consolidated financial statements.

Discontinued Operations

Accordingly, the operating results of the Wood Products business, formerly reported as a separate operating segment, are classified as discontinued operations in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for all periods presented. Certain administrative and general costs historically allocated to the Wood Products segment, which will remain with the Company after the sale, are reported in continuing operations.

Equity Method Investments

The Company’s operating results for the year ended December 31, 2013 reflect 26 percent of the New Zealand JV’s income prior to the acquisition date, as reported in “Equity in income of New Zealand joint venture” in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income.

Prior to the acquisition of a majority interest in the New Zealand JV, Rayonier recorded its proportionate share of its cash flow hedges as increases or decreases to “Investment in Joint Venture” with corresponding adjustments to “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Segment Reporting

Operating income as presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income is equal to segment income. Certain income (loss) items in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income are not allocated to segments. These items, which include gains (losses) from certain asset dispositions, interest income (expense), miscellaneous income (expense) and income tax (expense) benefit, are not considered by management to be part of segment operations.

Derivatives

Accounting for derivative financial instruments is governed by ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, (“ASC 815”). In accordance with ASC 815, the Company records its derivative instruments at fair value as either assets or liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Changes in the instruments’ fair value are accounted for based on their intended use. Gains and losses on derivatives that are designated and qualify for cash flow hedge accounting are recorded as a component of AOCI and reclassified into earnings when the hedged transaction materializes. The ineffective portion of any hedge as well as changes in the fair value of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments and those which are no longer effective as hedging instruments, are recognized immediately in earnings.

Offsetting Derivatives

Derivative financial instruments are presented at their gross fair values in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company’s derivative financial instruments are not subject to master netting arrangements which would allow the right of offset.

Debt Issuance Costs

Debt issuance costs are capitalized and amortized to interest expense over the term of the debt to which they relate using a method that approximates the interest method.

Software Costs

Software costs are capitalized and amortized over a period not exceeding five years using the straight-line method.

Earnings Per Common Share

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is calculated by dividing net income attributable to Rayonier by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted EPS is calculated by dividing net income attributable to Rayonier by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding adjusted to include the potentially dilutive effect of outstanding stock options, performance shares, restricted shares and convertible debt.

Incentive Stock Plans

Non-Qualified Employee Stock Options

The exercise price of each non-qualified stock option granted under the Stock Plan is equal to the closing market price of the Company’s stock on the grant date. Under the Stock Plan, the maximum term is ten years from the grant date. Awards vest ratably over three years. The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The expected volatility is based on historical volatility for each grant and is calculated using the historical change in the daily market price of the Company’s common stock over the expected life of the award. The expected life is based on prior exercise behavior. The Company has elected to value each grant in total and recognize the expense for stock options on a straight-line basis over three years.

Performance Share Units

The Company’s performance share units generally vest upon completion of a three-year period. The number of shares, if any, that are ultimately awarded is contingent upon Rayonier’s total shareholder return versus selected peer group companies. The performance share payout is based on a market condition and as such, the awards are valued using a Monte Carlo simulation model. The model generates the fair value of the award at the grant date, which is then amortized over the vesting period.

The Stock Plan allows for the cash settlement of the minimum required withholding tax on performance share unit awards. As of December 31, 2013, there was $8.2 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to the Company’s performance share unit awards. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.7 years.

Restricted Stock

Restricted stock granted under the Stock Plan generally vests upon completion of a one to three year period. The fair value of each share granted is equal to the share price of the Company’s stock on the date of grant. As of December 31, 2013, there was $1.1 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to the Company’s outstanding restricted stock. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.5 years.

Expected volatility was estimated using daily returns on the Company’s common stock for the three-year period ending on the grant date. The risk-free rate was based on the 3-year U.S. treasury rate on the date of the award. The dividend yield was not used to calculate fair value as all awards granted after January 1, 2010 receive dividend equivalents.

Consolidating Financial Statements

The condensed consolidating financial information below follows the same accounting policies as described in the consolidated financial statements, except for the use of the equity method of accounting to reflect ownership interests in wholly-owned subsidiaries, which are eliminated upon consolidation, and the allocation of certain expenses of Rayonier Inc. incurred for the benefit of its subsidiaries.